On the use of marker information from granddaughter designs     

Hoeschele I  Romano EO 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》1993,110(1-6):429-449

SUMMARY: Selection indices were developed for combining marker information and animal model PTA for offspring, grandoffspring, and great-grandoffspring of sires. The sires had marker-QTL linkages identified in granddaughter designs (GDD). Effects of size and s. e. of marker effects and of weight given to own and progeny records in PTA on gain in accuracy of selection due to a marker were quantified. Gains were negligible for high weight or large s. e., even if the marker effect was substantial. Gains were compared among offspring (O), grandoffspring (GO), and great-grandoffspring (GGO), when the marker effect in the sire was the only marker information. Gains decreased strongly for GO and were smallest for GGO. Assuming that progeny test (PT) daughters of some sons of the sire were also marker genotyped, the selection index was mo dified to incorporate this marker information on sons in addition to that on the sire from the GDD for selection of GO. For the current size of the PT, gain from including marker data on PT daughters was negligible, requiring 200 to 1000 PT daughters. Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) was computed as the fraction of O, GO, and GGO with marker allelic inheritance traceable to the sire. PIC in GO exceeded .8 and approached PIC in O only if a marker had at least 10 alleles at equal frequencies. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG: Verwendung von genetischen Markern bei Enkelin-Selektionspl?nen Selektionsindices wurden hergeleitet, um Information von Markergenorten zu kombinieren mit Tiermodell-Zuchtwerten für Nachkommen der ersten, zweiten und dritten Generation von Vatertieren. Die Vatertiere hatten Marker-QTL Kopplungsbeziehungen, die in "granddaughter designs (GDD)" nachgewiesen worden waren. Die Einflüsse von Gr??e und Standardfehlern der Markereffekte und der Gewichtung von Eigen- und Nachkommenleistungen im Tiermodell-Zuchtwert auf die Verbesserung der Selektionsgenauigkeit durch die Markerinformation wurden ermittelt. Verbesserungen waren gering für hohe Gewichtung oder gro?e Standardfehler. Verbesserungen wurden verglichen für Nachkommen der ersten, zweiten und dritten Generation, wenn die Markerinformation nur aus dem GDD stammte. Verbesserungen waren stark reduziert bzw. sehr gering für Nachkommen der zweiten bzw. dritten Generation. Der Selektionsindex wurde modifiziert, um begrenzte Markerinformation von T?chtern aus der Nachkommenprüfung von S?hnen eines Vatertieres miteinzubeziehen. Diese Information war nur hilfreich, wenn mindestens 200 bis 1000 T?chter getestet waren. Der Polymorphismus-Informationsgehalt (PIC) wurde berechnet als der Anteil von Nachkommen der ersten, zweiten und dritten Generation, für den die Vererbung eines Markeralleles zum Vatertier zurückverfolgt werden konnte. Zumindest 10 Allele mit gleichen Frequenzen waren notwendig, um ein PIC von .8 und ein PIC in Nachkommen der zweiten Generation von ?hnlich hohen Wert wie für Nachkommen der ersten Generation zu erhalten.  相似文献   

Comparison of efficacy and safety of paste formulations of firocoxib and phenylbutazone in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Doucet MY  Bertone AL  Hendrickson D  Hughes F  Macallister C  McClure S  Reinemeyer C  Rossier Y  Sifferman R  Vrins AA  White G  Kunkle B  Alva R  Romano D  Hanson PD 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2008,232(1):91-97

OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and safety of paste formulations of firocoxib and phenylbutazone in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. DESIGN: Randomized controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: 253 client-owned horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis. PROCEDURES: Horses were treated with firocoxib (0.1 mg/kg [0.045 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) or phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg [2 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) for 14 days. Physical examinations and lameness evaluations were performed prior to treatment and after 7 and 14 days. Clinical improvement was defined as a reduction of at least 1 lameness grade or a combined reduction of at least 3 points in scores for pain during manipulation or palpation, joint swelling, joint circumference, and range of motion. RESULTS: Proportion of horses clinically improved on day 14 for the firocoxib group (104/123 [84.6%]) was not significantly different from the proportion for the phenylbutazone group (103/119 [86.6%]). Proportion of horses that were improved on day 14 was significantly greater for horses treated with firocoxib than for horses treated with phenylbutazone with regard to score for pain on manipulation or palpation (P = 0.028), joint circumference score (P = 0.026), and range of motion score (P = 0.012), but not for overall lameness score or joint swelling score. No direct treatment-related adverse effects were detected during the study. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggested that overall clinical efficacy of a paste formulation of firocoxib in horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis was comparable to efficacy of a paste formulation of phenylbutazone.  相似文献   

Effect of Insemination–Ovulation Interval and Addition of Seminal Plasma on Sow Fertility to Insemination of Cryopreserved Sperm     

M Abad  JC Garcia  DJ Sprecher  G Cassar  RM Friendship  MM Buhr  RN Kirkwood 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(4):418-422

In swine, the use of frozen-thawed (FT) sperm for artificial insemination (AI) is limited because of poor sow fertility, possibly associated with a post-thaw capacitation-like status resulting in fewer fully viable sperm. Sow fertility to AI with FT sperm may improve with deeper deposition of sperm within the female tract, insemination very close to ovulation, or reversal of cryocapacitation by seminal plasma (SP). We performed two experiments to examine these suggestions. In experiment 1, 122 multiparous Yorkshire sows received 600 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin at weaning and 5 mg pLH 80 h later to control time of ovulation. The predicted time of ovulation (PTO) was 38 h after pLH injection. Thereafter, sows were assigned on the basis of parity to a single AI of FT sperm at 2 h before PTO, or at 12 h before PTO, or FT sperm supplemented with 10% SP at 12 h before PTO. Control sows received fresh semen at 12 h before PTO. All semen doses were adjusted to 3 x 10(9) live cells and deposited into the cervix. Experiment 2 employed 99 multiparous crossbred sows and repeated the treatments of experiment 1 except that all FT inseminations were intrauterine. In both experiments, farrowing rates were lower (p < 0.01) following FT inseminations with no effect of time of insemination or of supplemental SP. In experiment 1, litter size was smaller following FT insemination (p < 0.05), but no effect on litter size was evident in experiment 2. Supplemental SP had no effect on litter size in either experiment. The lack of effect of either SP or timing of FT insemination on sow fertility suggests that the non-lethal sperm cryoinjury affecting fertility involves more than just cryocapacitation.  相似文献   

The fine structure of the male genital organs of Allacma fusca (L.) (Collembola, Symphypleona)     

Romano Dallai  Vittoria Cavallo  Luigi Federico Falso  Pietro Paolo Fanciulli 《Pedobiologia》2000,44(3-4)

The fine structure of the male reproductive system of Allacma fusca (L.) is described. The system consists of testes, deferent ducts, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct and accessory glands. The nature of each part is established. Secretions from the seminal vesicles are stored in the lumen of these organs, then flow into the ejaculatory duct and are used to produce spermatophores. The epithelium of this tract has secretory activity and osmoregulatory function. Secretions and spermatozoa are stored into two distinct parts of the ejaculatory duct, divided by a transverse cuticular septum.  相似文献   

Effects of nitrate toxicity in the Pacific white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei,reared with biofloc technology (BFT)     

Plínio S. Furtado  Bruno R. Campos  Fabiane P. Serra  Marta Klosterhoff  Luis A. Romano  Wilson Wasielesky Jr. 《Aquaculture International》2015,23(1):315-327

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Polymorphs of Alumina Predicted by First Principles: Putting Pressure on the Ruby Pressure Scale     

KT Thomson  RM Wentzcovitch  MST Bukowinski 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1996,274(5294):1880-1882

Fully optimized quantum mechanical calculations indicate that Al2O3 transforms from the corundum structure to the as yet unobserved Rh2O3 (II) structure at about 78 gigapascals, and it further transforms to Pbnm-perovskite structure at 223 gigapascals. The predicted x-ray spectrum of the Rh2O3 (II) structure is similar to that of the corundum structure, suggesting that the Rh2O3 (II) structure could go undetected in high-pressure x-ray measurements. It is therefore possible that the ruby (Cr3+-doped corundum) fluorescence pressure scale is sensitive to the thermal history of the ruby chips in a given experiment.  相似文献   

An Economics Approach to Hard Computational Problems     

BA Huberman  RM Lukose  T Hogg 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1997,275(5296):51-54

A general method for combining existing algorithms into new programs that are unequivocally preferable to any of the component algorithms is presented. This method, based on notions of risk in economics, offers a computational portfolio design procedure that can be used for a wide range of problems. Tested by solving a canonical NP-complete problem, the method can be used for problems ranging from the combinatorics of DNA sequencing to the completion of tasks in environments with resource contention, such as the World Wide Web.  相似文献   

Proteomic study of three component interactions： plant, pathogens andantagonistic fungi          下载免费PDF全文

Turrà D 《浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版)》2004,30(4):449-449

The molecular factors involved in the three-way interaction between plant, pathogenic fungi and antagonistic/biocontrol fungi, such as Trichoderma, are still poorly understood, even if they represent a matter of interest for improving crop management and developing new strategies for plant diseases control. The aim of this work is to investigate the components involved in this interaction and, for this purpose, a proteomic approach was used. 2-D maps of the protein extracts from the single co…  相似文献   

Institutions in modern society: caretakers and subjects     

O I Romano 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1974,183(126):722-725

The problems that relate to the outermost limits of institutional care, if such limits exist, will certainly be among the most salient problems during the coming years-no matter whether such care proceeds on an inpatient or an outpatient basis. Whatever course may be taken will certainly affect the lives of every citizen in urbanized and industrialized society. At present in California there is considerable shifting of individuals from one care status or category to another, in efforts to find accommodations that will better reflect the realities of modern existence. However, such shifting of caseloads as the moving of individuals from nursing and convalescent homes to hospitals and back again does not constitute a change, either from the standpoint of the subjects involved or from the standpoint of significantly affecting the overall caseload. Most commonly, the shifting of caseloads has been merely jurisdictional. Much the same can be said of the transfers from a police agency to welfare, or vice versa. Similarly, a shift from inpatient status to outpatient status does not constitute a significant change. Such transfers from one jurisdiction to another reflect a reduction in caseload for one agency, but a corresponding increase in caseload for another. Thus, there has been no significant change in the subject population as such. Jurisdictional transfers are often merely caretaking actions that reflect bureaucratic decisions. Equally often, such decisions do not address themselves to the basic priorities that guide the functions of caretaking. Explicitly stated priorities must supersede jurisditional transfers if the concept of caretaking is to include better resources for human development and if the subject population is to participate in the managing of institutions. On any given day during 1969 in the state of California, virtually 8 million people from an estimated population of 19,800,000 were under some form of institutional care or in some institutional program, or were employed to provide the care and administer the programs. Clearly this is a vast effort toward the training and retraining, as well as the rehabilitation of people, in the traditional sense of these words. The salient problems that have emerged from this context of urban and industrial development involve social control, social mobility, organizational behavior by caretakers and subjects, minority peoples, and the extensions of institutions into communities. Given these developments, is it not proper to ask whether or not the nature of urbanized and industrialized society has changed to such a point that a return to the past (and past solutions) is no longer feasible? Is it not also proper to ask what voice the subject population will have in helping to guide the urban and industrialized state into the future? And certainly there is a question that virtually everyone will ask: What percentage of tax revenues (whether shared or under direct programs) shall be destined to better meet the problems of this future society, which, it seems, is already upon us?  相似文献   

Lumbosacral plexus block in a goat undergoing pelvic limb amputation     

Sarah G. Shippy  Marta Romano  Diego A. Portela 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2021,48(1):151-152

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