Phytosequestration of Carbon in Miscanthus × giganteus and Pinus sylvestris L. in Degraded Zinc Smelter and Post-Mining Soils     

Agnieszka PLACEK  Bal Ram SINGH  Anna GROBELAK  Dariusz W&#;&#;KA  &#;sgeir R. ALM&#;S  Ma lgorzata KACPRZAK 《土壤圈》2018,28(3):555-560

正Dear Editor,Pinus sylvestris L.is one of the most popular and predominant tree species in Central Europe and Scandinavia.Its cultivation depends on atmospheric conditions,soil fertility,use of fertilizers,and individual characteristics of the trees.Pinus sylvestris L.wood,roots,and needles are used for energy production.Pi-  相似文献   

Internal Migration in Mexico: Consolidation of Urban–Urban Mobility, 2000–2015          下载免费PDF全文

Enrique Pérez‐Campuzano  Guillermo Castillo Ramírez  Mateo Carlos Galindo Pérez 《Growth and change》2018,49(1):223-240

Internal migration has been recognized as the major influence in terms of population redistribution across urban systems, but it is not a homogeneous phenomenon. Within the context of internal rural‐urban migration decline and the negative changes in migratory balances in the metropolitan area of Mexico City, the core of enquiry in this paper is the approach to growth and consolidation of an internal urban–urban migration system in the early twenty‐first century (2000–2015). This process has taken place through two main networks, among metropolitan areas not corresponding to the principal city and among intermediate cities. Internal migration is a complex process that involves both individual and spatial characteristics and which leads to spatially uneven development in the long term. Data from three censuses of the population of Mexico (2000, 2010, and 2015) show a transition to a more urban–urban migration pattern, with skilled migrants tending to have metropolitan and urban destinations, whereas less‐skilled migrants prefer rural and small urban destinations.  相似文献   

Individual tree aboveground biomass for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Castanopsis indica</Emphasis> in the mid-hills of Nepal     

Dan B. Shrestha  Ram P. Sharma  Shes K. Bhandari 《Agroforestry Systems》2018,92(6):1611-1623

Quantitative information of tree biomass is useful for management planning and monitoring of the changes in carbon stock in both forest and agroforestry systems. An estimate of carbon stored in these systems can be useful for developing climate change mitigation strategies. A precise estimate of forest biomass is also important for other issues ranging from industrial forestry practices to scientific purposes. The individual tree-based biomass models serve as fundamental tools for precise estimates of carbon stock of species of interest in forest and agroforestry systems. We developed individual tree aboveground biomass models for Castanopsis indica using thirty-six destructively sampled tree data covering a wide range of tree size, site quality, growth stage, stand density, and topographic characteristics. We used diameter at breast height (DBH) as a main predictor and height-to-DBH ratio (a measure of tree slenderness) and wood density (a measure of stiffness and cohesiveness of wood fibres) as covariate predictors in modelling. We, hereafter, termed the biomass models with former two predictors as first category models (density independent models) and the models with all three predictors as second category models (density dependent models). Among various functions evaluated, a simple power function of the form \(y_{i} = b_{1} x_{i}^{{b_{2} }}\), in each category, showed the best fits to our data. This formulation, in each category, described most of the biomass variations (\(R_{adj}^{2}\) > 0.98 and RMSE < 72.2) with no significant trend in the residuals. Since both density dependent and density independent models exhibit almost similar fit statistics and graphical features, one of them can be applied for desired accuracy, depending on the access of the input information required by the model. Our biomass models are site-specific, and their applications should therefore be limited to the growth stage, stand density, site quality, stand condition, and species distribution similar to those that formed the basis of this study. Further research is recommended to validate and verify our model using a larger dataset with a wider range of values for site quality, climatic and topographic characteristics, stand density, growth stage, and species distribution across Nepal.  相似文献   

Effect of the Cooking Process on the Gelling Properties of Whole and Minced Jumbo Lump of Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)     

Miguel Angel Martínez-Maldonado  José Alberto Ramírez-De León  Ma. Guadalupe Méndez-Montealvo  Eduardo Morales-Sánchez 《Journal Of Aquatic Food Product Technology》2018,27(4):418-429

Commercially, crab meat is obtained by hand-picking after a cooking process, followed by pasteurizing or canning. Jumbo lump is one of the pieces of meat obtained from the blue crab. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the commercial cooking process (boiling and steaming) on the mechanical and functional properties of whole jumbo lump and the gels obtained from cooked and minced jumbo lump from blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). The gels were prepared combining the washing process and microbial transglutaminase. The boiling and steaming processes showed a different effect on the textural and color properties. Whole jumbo lump pieces cooked by immersion in boiling water showed a higher hardness value as compared to steamed jumbo lump pieces, suggesting a different internal structural. The cooking processes used in this study did not modify the water holding capacity, gelling capability, or color of the minced jumbo lump. The addition of microbial transglutaminase to washed minced jumbo lump improved the hardness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of gels elaborated with boiled or steamed jumbo lump, which allowed the textural properties similar to those of the whole jumbo lump.  相似文献   

Impact of cold storage on the performance of entomophagous insects: an overview     

Mandeep Rathee  Pala Ram 《Phytoparasitica》2018,46(4):421-449

Mass rearing for commercial production of high quality beneficial insects is considered as an important tool for biological control programmes worldwide, especially those based on augmentative releases. Low temperature storage is a valuable method for increasing the shelf life of entomophagous insects. Insect predators and parasitoids are used extensively in biological control programmes and, because of this, studies on cold storage started over 90 years ago. The ability to store reared biocontrol agents at low temperatures for certain duration provides an opportunity to accumulate or stockpile sufficient number of entomophagous insects for field release at proper weather conditions and make them available during high demand periods to the concerned farmers. Cold stored natural enemies can be synchronously released in the fields during critical stages of pest outbreaks. Cold storage also helps to keep viable stock of natural enemies when not needed and to minimize laboratory operations by prolonging their survival and delaying eclosion. Cold storage tolerance is highly plastic trait influenced by a range of biotic and abiotic factors experienced before, during and after cold exposure. These factors ultimately affect the development, longevity, fecundity, parasitization, sex-ratio and other fitness parameters along with morphology, behaviour and physiology of entomophagous insects. For the successful implementation of a cold storage project, knowledge of these diverse factors that cause storage and post-storage effects is essential. The potential of cold storage protocols in improving mass rearing and commercial production of bioagents is thus reviewed to access the strategies, innovations, techniques, devices and wisdom involved in the process of cold storage of entomophagous insects worldwide.  相似文献   

Changes in Gut Microbiota Linked to a Reduction in Systolic Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Fed an Extra Virgin Olive Oil-Enriched Diet     

Marina Hidalgo  Isabel Prieto  Hikmate Abriouel  Ana Belén Villarejo  Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez  Antonio Cobo  Nabil Benomar  Antonio Gálvez  Magdalena Martínez-Cañamero 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2018,73(1):1-6

Fat type in diet is responsible for specific changes in gut microbiota (GM). Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been shown to be beneficial for blood pressure and to produce effects on GM. To analyze the cause-effect relationship between intestinal microbial changes and blood pressure, we studied the effect of EVOO on fecal microbiota and systolic blood pressure (SBP) levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). SHR were fed either an enriched EVOO diet or a standard diet for a period of 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, the microbial profiles in the feces were studied in both groups by using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Real-time PCR was used to quantify the selected bacterial groups. The results demonstrated significant differences when using Lactobacillus (p<0.05), clostridia XIV (p<0.01) and universal (p<0.05) primers. A significant (r=?0.475; p=0.04) inverse correlation between the abundance of clostridia XIV and SBP, which depends on the type of diet, was also observed. Finally, the results suggested an increase in the microbial diversity of the feces of the animals fed the EVOO diet. These results strongly connect the pattern of GM in SHR fed a diet enriched with EVOO to the lower levels of SBP observed in these animals at the end of the feeding period.  相似文献   

Renal neuroendocrine control of desiccation and cold tolerance by Drosophila suzukii          下载免费PDF全文

Selim Terhzaz  Lucy Alford  Joseph GC Yeoh  Richard Marley  Anthony J Dornan  Julian AT Dow  Shireen A Davies 《Pest management science》2018,74(4):800-810

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Informative ISSR Markers Help Identify Genetically Distinct Accessions of Oryza rufipogon in Yield Improvement     

Haritha G.  Sudhakar T.  Chandra D.  Ram T.  Divya B.  Sarla N. 《水稻科学》2016,23(5):225

Inter simple sequence repeat(ISSR) polymorphism was used to determine genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in 90 genotypes of wild and cultivated species of Oryza from different geographical regions of the world. In all the 17 primers used in ISSR-PCR, a total of 11 464 bands were amplified at 253 band positions/loci. The primer UBC-809 amplified the maximum bands(1 059) at 21 band positions. UBC-810 and UBC-835 amplified the minimum of 391 bands each at 7 and 14 band positions, respectively. The mean polymorphism information content ranged from 0.44 to 0.84 and resolving power ranged from 8.69 to 23.53. Un-weighted pair group method with arithmetic mean dendrogram and population structure based on the 17 primers separated all genotypes into 4 major clusters with a genetic similarity of 53%–100%. The first two clusters consisted of 30 O. rufipogon accessions each. In the third cluster, O. nivara and O. longistaminata grouped as one sub-cluster and all other O. nivara accessions and cultivars grouped as another sub-cluster. The fourth cluster had only five O. rufipogon accessions which can be a source of new genes. Four sub-populations were identified within O. rufipogon and two sub-populations within O. nivara at K = 7. A subset of six primers with high resolving power values were the most informative and grouped all genotypes almost similarly as the 17 primers did. Use of these six highly informative primers in ISSR-PCR is a cost effective and robust method for assessing genetic diversity in large germplasm collections of wild rice species.  相似文献   

Phenolic Compounds,Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Profile of Huitlacoche Mushroom (Ustilago maydis) Produced in Several Maize Genotypes at Different Stages of Development     

Maribel Valdez-Morales  L. Céspedes Carlos  María Elena Valverde  Enrique Ramírez-Chávez  Octavio Paredes-López 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2016,71(4):436-443

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Seasonal water relations in four co-existing native shrub species from Northeastern Mexico     

Humberto González-Rodríguez  Jorge Isaac Sarquís-Ramírez  Israel Cantú-Silva  Roque Gonzalo Ramírez-Lozano  Juan Manuel López-Hernández 《Arid Land Research and Management》2016,30(4):375-388

Seasonal xylem water potentials (Ψ, MPa) and their relationship to soil water content and evaporative demand components were studied in the shrub species Acacia amentacea, Celtis ehrenbergiana, Forestiera angustifolia, and Parkinsonia texana var. macra. Predawn (Ψpd) and midday (Ψmd) water potentials were estimated at 15 days intervals, between January 15 and October 30, 2009 using a Scholander pressure bomb at 06:00 h (predawn) and 14:00 h (midday), respectively. During the humid period, Ψpd ranged from ?0.30 MPa (C. ehrenbergiana), to ?0.90 MPa (P. texana). In contrast, over the driest period, Ψpd varied between ?2.18 (P. texana) and ?3.94 MPa (F. angustifolia). At midday, P. texana and F. angustifolia showed the highest (?1.14 MPa) and lowest (?3.38 MPa) Ψ values, respectively. Average soil water content accounted for 35 to 70% of the variation in predawn Ψ. Furthermore, both Ψ reflected the environmental conditions, as indicated by typical correlations observed. The studied shrub species exhibited what seem to be different strategies to avoid damage caused by drought. Thus, P. texana behaved rather as an isohydric plant able to deal well with severe, but short periods of drought. Under exceptionally dry environmental conditions, Ψpd undercut Ψmd values. Similar observations have been made by researchers studying plants in dry ecosystems. All studied native species are recommended for reforestation of the Tamaulipan shrublands, although C. ehrenbergiana and F. angustifolia seem to have limited tolerances for extreme water stress.  相似文献