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51.
The use of artificial insemination (AI) with fresh semen has resulted in many benefits for the management of dog breeding, but there are disadvantages that can sometimes be overlooked. Furthermore, poorer quality semen arising as a result of cryopreservation necessitates uterine insemination, which raises the potential for surgical insemination. A number of significant ethical concerns have been raised by key stakeholders (such as The Kennel Club and the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons) about AI per se , but particularly about the use of surgical insemination. This paper discusses the technological development of AI and explores a number of the ethical issues raised by its application to dog breeding. An Ethical Matrix method is used to map the potential ethical issues for key interest groups, namely dogs, breeders, owners, veterinarians and wider society. There are national variations in the way in which institutions have evaluated potential ethical impacts, and this is reflected in the different regulatory frameworks governing the use of AI in dogs. In order to facilitate decision-making and reduce some of the ethical risks associated with this technology, the veterinary research community could take several proactive steps including: (i) clarifying clinical decision-making processes, (ii) enhancing informed choice among clients and (iii) increasing the knowledge-base of potential impacts of AI. 相似文献
52.
Sperm sexing is an emerging reproductive technology which has been successfully used to produce offspring of a pre‐determined sex in domestic and wildlife species but has yet to be applied to New World camelids. The aims of the present study were to (i) optimize the Hoescht 33342 (H33342) staining concentration for the flow cytometric separation of X and Y chromosome‐bearing alpaca (Vicugna pacos) sperm nuclei, (ii) separate alpaca sperm nuclei into high purity (>90%) populations bearing the X‐ and Y‐chromosome and (iii) determine the DNA difference between X‐ and Y‐bearing sperm in alpacas. Semen was collected from alpacas and sperm nuclei stained with H33342, incubated and analysed using a high‐speed cell sorter (SX‐MoFlo®). H33342 staining concentrations of 36, 54, 72 or 90 μm did not affect the proportion of correctly oriented sperm nuclei (43.3 ± 3.9, 46.4 ± 3.7, 44.5 ± 4.0 and 51.1 ± 2.5% respectively) nor the speed of sorting (1381 ± 160, 1386 ± 123, 1371 ± 133 and 1379 ± 127 sperm nuclei/s). Sort reanalysis determined high levels of purity for X‐ and Y‐enriched populations (96.6 ± 0.7% and 96.1 ± 1.1% respectively). The DNA difference, based on fluorescence intensity (determined by the SX‐MoFlo®), was 3.8 ± 0.06%. These data demonstrate for the first time that alpaca sperm nuclei can be separated into high purity populations and the potential for applying sperm sexing technology to New World camelids. 相似文献
53.
Kenneth M. Rassnick G. Neal Mauldin Scott D. Moroff Glenna E. Mauldin Margaret C. McEntee Samantha C. Mooney 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》1999,13(3):187-190
Limited information is available on prognostic factors for cats with lymphoma. The quantity of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) proteins can be used as a measurement of cellular proliferative activity. To determine if AgNORs were of prognostic value for feline intestinal lymphoma, the silver staining technique was performed on paraffin-embedded sections of 31 cases. Mean number of AgNORs per nucleus ranged from 1.02 to 4.32. Twenty-four (78%) cats had small AgNORs and 7 (22%) had large AgNORs. All cats were treated identically with a combination chemotherapy protocol. Response to chemotherapy was 87%. Median remission duration and survival times were 120 days and 201 days, respectively. No significant correlation was found between mean number of AgNORs per nucleus or AgNOR size and remission rate, remission duration, or survival time. This study indicates that AgNOR staining is not a useful prognostic factor for cats with intestinal lymphoma. 相似文献
54.
McEntee MC Rassnick KM Lewis LD Zgola MM Beaulieu BB Balkman CE Page RL 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(6):1057-1062
OBJECTIVE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose and characterize the pharmacokinetic disposition of an orally administered combination of docetaxel and cyclosporin A (CSA) in dogs with tumors. ANIMALS: 16 client-owned dogs with metastatic or advanced-stage refractory tumors. PROCEDURES: An open-label, dose-escalation, single-dose, phase I study of docetaxel administered in combination with a fixed dose of CSA was conducted. Docetaxel (at doses of 1.5, 1.625, or 1.75 mg/kg) and CSA (5 mg/kg) were administered concurrently via gavage twice during a 3-week period. Plasma docetaxel concentrations were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography, and pharmacokinetic disposition was characterized by use of noncompartmental analysis. Dogs' clinical signs and results of hematologic and biochemical analyses were monitored for evidence of toxicosis. RESULTS: No acute hypersensitivity reactions were observed after oral administration of docetaxel. Disposition of docetaxel was dose independent over the range evaluated, and pharmacokinetic variables were similar to those reported in previous studies involving healthy dogs, with the exception that values for clearance were significantly higher in the dogs reported here. The maximum tolerated dose of docetaxel was 1.625 mg/kg. Gastrointestinal signs of toxicosis were dose limiting. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The absence of myelosuppression suggested that the docetaxel-CSA combination may be administered more frequently than the schedule used. Further studies are warranted to evaluate combination treatment administered on a biweekly schedule in dogs with epithelial tumors. 相似文献
55.
Biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma. A retrospective study of 50 cases (1999–2007) 
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下载免费PDF全文 V. J. Coyle K. M. Rassnick L. B. Borst C. O. Rodriguez Jr N. C. Northrup T. M. Fan L. D. Garrett 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2015,13(2):89-97
The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the biological behaviour of canine mandibular osteosarcoma (OSA) and to examine factors for their impact on metastasis‐free interval (MFI) and survival time (ST). Records from dogs treated with mandibulectomy for OSA (1999–2007) were reviewed. Archived tumour samples were evaluated for mitotic index (MI) and tumour grade. Fifty dogs were included, 21 received chemotherapy. Twenty‐nine dogs (58%) developed metastatic disease. The median MFI was 627 days, and median ST was 525 days. In univariate analysis MI > 40 was prognostic for decreased MFI and ST. Grade also influenced MFI and ST, with 5/21 (24%) dogs with grade II/III tumours metastasis‐free at one year versus 16/22 (72%) dogs with grade I tumours (P = 0.002); and 5/21 (24%) dogs with grade II/III tumours alive versus 17/22 (77%) dogs with grade I tumours (P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, histological grade and adjuvant chemotherapy were prognostic for MFI and ST. 相似文献
56.
The effect of four concentrations (1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mM) of Cd on the rate of absorption of two sugars, glucose and fructose by the intestine of the fresh water cat fish, Heteropneustes fossilis has been studied after 1 h at 23 °C. Intestinal glucose and fructose transport was also assessed in fish exposed to a sublettral concentration (0.0023 mM) of Cd in the ambient water for 15 and 30 days. Control fish showed no marked difference in the rates of absorption of glucose and fructose. All four concentrations of Cd decreased the rate of transport of glucose and fructose significantly. Among the two sugars, decrease in the rate of transport of fructose was more marked than glucose. In fish exposed to Cd in the ambient water, reduction of glucose and fructose absorption was greater after 30 days of exposure than after 15 days. 相似文献
57.
Three foals aged between 21 and 44 days were presented for evaluation of pyrexia and lameness. Each had subcutaneous abscessation associated with osteomyelitis of a rib at the costochondral junction and pathological fracture of the affected rib; one foal had more than one rib affected. Other localised sites of infection included other sites of osteomyelitis, omphalophlebitis, uveitis, enterocolitis, and calcaneal bursitis. The subcutaneous abscessation and rib osteomyelitis was treated surgically in two foals. Salmonella typhimurium was isolated from the subcutaneous abscess in one foal and from the faeces of another. Two of the three foals were euthanased. Ultrasonography was a more useful modality than radiography for establishing the diagnosis of costal osteomyelitis. 相似文献
58.
Kamstock DA Ehrhart EJ Getzy DM Bacon NJ Rassnick KM Moroff SD Liu SM Straw RC McKnight CA Amorim RL Bienzle D Cassali GD Cullen JM Dennis MM Esplin DG Foster RA Goldschmidt MH Gruber AD Hellmén E Howerth EW Labelle P Lenz SD Lipscomb TP Locke E McGill LD Miller MA Mouser PJ O'Toole D Pool RR Powers BE Ramos-Vara JA Roccabianca P Ross AD Sailasuta A Sarli G Scase TJ Schulman FY Shoieb AM Singh K Sledge D Smedley RC Smith KC Spangler WL Steficek B Stromberg PC Valli VE Yager J 《Veterinary pathology》2011,48(1):19-31
Neoplastic diseases are typically diagnosed by biopsy and histopathological evaluation. The pathology report is key in determining prognosis, therapeutic decisions, and overall case management and therefore requires diagnostic accuracy, completeness, and clarity. Successful management relies on collaboration between clinical veterinarians, oncologists, and pathologists. To date there has been no standardized approach or guideline for the submission, trimming, margin evaluation, or reporting of neoplastic biopsy specimens in veterinary medicine. To address this issue, a committee consisting of veterinary pathologists and oncologists was established under the auspices of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists Oncology Committee. These consensus guidelines were subsequently reviewed and endorsed by a large international group of veterinary pathologists. These recommended guidelines are not mandated but rather exist to help clinicians and veterinary pathologists optimally handle neoplastic biopsy samples. Many of these guidelines represent the collective experience of the committee members and consensus group when assessing neoplastic lesions from veterinary patients but have not met the rigors of definitive scientific study and investigation. These questions of technique, analysis, and evaluation should be put through formal scrutiny in rigorous clinical studies in the near future so that more definitive guidelines can be derived. 相似文献
59.
KM Ketzner AA Stewart CR Byron M Stewart EM Gaughan PD Vanharreveld JD Lillich 《Australian veterinary journal》2009,87(9):363-368
Objective Describe the use of a phalangeal cast as treatment for wounds in the pastern and foot region of horses. Secondly, to evaluate the healing and soundness of horses treated with phalangeal casts.
Design Retrospective study of 49 horses.
Procedures Medical records of 49 horses that were treated with a phalangeal cast for 50 cases of wounds in the pastern and foot region at equine referral hospitals from 1995 to 2006 were reviewed and follow-up information was obtained.
Results Treatment consisted of wound debridement, lavage, wound closure (28 wounds), cast application and antibiotics (84%). At follow-up, the majority of horses were sound (42 of 47 wounds, 89.4%), three horses were still lame and one horse was euthanased because of persistent lameness. Three horses were lost to follow-up. There was no statistical difference between the outcomes of horses treated acutely (<24 h) or after a 24-h delay. Similarly, the involvement of synovial structures in the wound did not significantly influence outcome.
Conclusions In this study, wounds involving the pastern and foot that were treated with a phalangeal cast carried a good prognosis for soundness (89.4%) and cosmetic healing (89.5%). The phalangeal casts were well-tolerated and effective. 相似文献
Design Retrospective study of 49 horses.
Procedures Medical records of 49 horses that were treated with a phalangeal cast for 50 cases of wounds in the pastern and foot region at equine referral hospitals from 1995 to 2006 were reviewed and follow-up information was obtained.
Results Treatment consisted of wound debridement, lavage, wound closure (28 wounds), cast application and antibiotics (84%). At follow-up, the majority of horses were sound (42 of 47 wounds, 89.4%), three horses were still lame and one horse was euthanased because of persistent lameness. Three horses were lost to follow-up. There was no statistical difference between the outcomes of horses treated acutely (<24 h) or after a 24-h delay. Similarly, the involvement of synovial structures in the wound did not significantly influence outcome.
Conclusions In this study, wounds involving the pastern and foot that were treated with a phalangeal cast carried a good prognosis for soundness (89.4%) and cosmetic healing (89.5%). The phalangeal casts were well-tolerated and effective. 相似文献
60.
M.S. Kraus K.M. Rassnick J.J. Wakshlag A.R.M. Gelzer A.S. Waxman A.M. Struble K. Refsal 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2014,28(1):109-115