Sequence interpretation. Functional annotation of mouse genome sequences     

Nadeau JH  Balling R  Barsh G  Beier D  Brown SD  Bucan M  Camper S  Carlson G  Copeland N  Eppig J  Fletcher C  Frankel WN  Ganten D  Goldowitz D  Goodnow C  Guenet JL  Hicks G  Hrabe de Angelis M  Jackson I  Jacob HJ  Jenkins N  Johnson D  Justice M  Kay S  Kingsley D  Lehrach H  Magnuson T  Meisler M  Poustka A  Rinchik EM  Rossant J  Russell LB  Schimenti J  Shiroishi T  Skarnes WC  Soriano P  Stanford W  Takahashi JS  Wurst W  Zimmer A;International Mouse Mutagenesis Consortium 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2001,291(5507):1251-1255

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The structure and receptor binding properties of the 1918 influenza hemagglutinin   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gamblin SJ  Haire LF  Russell RJ  Stevens DJ  Xiao B  Ha Y  Vasisht N  Steinhauer DA  Daniels RS  Elliot A  Wiley DC  Skehel JJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,303(5665):1838-1842

The 1918 influenza pandemic resulted in about 20 million deaths. This enormous impact, coupled with renewed interest in emerging infections, makes characterization of the virus involved a priority. Receptor binding, the initial event in virus infection, is a major determinant of virus transmissibility that, for influenza viruses, is mediated by the hemagglutinin (HA) membrane glycoprotein. We have determined the crystal structures of the HA from the 1918 virus and two closely related HAs in complex with receptor analogs. They explain how the 1918 HA, while retaining receptor binding site amino acids characteristic of an avian precursor HA, is able to bind human receptors and how, as a consequence, the virus was able to spread in the human population.  相似文献   

Ultrahigh-density nanowire arrays grown in self-assembled diblock copolymer templates   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thurn-Albrecht T  Schotter J  Kästle GA  Emley N  Shibauchi T  Krusin-Elbaum L  Guarini K  Black CT  Tuominen MT  Russell TP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5499):2126-2129

We show a simple, robust, chemical route to the fabrication of ultrahigh-density arrays of nanopores with high aspect ratios using the equilibrium self-assembled morphology of asymmetric diblock copolymers. The dimensions and lateral density of the array are determined by segmental interactions and the copolymer molecular weight. Through direct current electrodeposition, we fabricated vertical arrays of nanowires with densities in excess of 1.9 x 10(11) wires per square centimeter. We found markedly enhanced coercivities with ferromagnetic cobalt nanowires that point toward a route to ultrahigh-density storage media. The copolymer approach described is practical, parallel, compatible with current lithographic processes, and amenable to multilayered device fabrication.  相似文献   

Overexpression of low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor eliminates LDL from plasma in transgenic mice   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

S L Hofmann  D W Russell  M S Brown  J L Goldstein  R E Hammer 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1988,239(4845):1277-1281

A complementary DNA encoding the human low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor under control of the mouse metallothionein-I promoter was injected into fertilized mouse eggs, and a strain of mice expressing high levels of LDL receptors was established. After administration of cadmium, these mice cleared intravenously injected 125I-labeled LDL from blood eight to ten times more rapidly than did normal mice. The plasma concentrations of apoproteins B-100 and E, the two ligands for the LDL receptor, declined by more than 90 percent after cadmium treatment, but the concentration of another apoprotein, A-I, was unaffected. Therefore, overexpression of an endocytotic receptor can dramatically lower the ambient concentration of its ligand in vivo.  相似文献   

Heterogeneous reaction probabilities, solubilities, and the physical state of cold volcanic aerosols     

Toon O  Browell E  Gary B  Lait L  Livingston J  Newman P  Pueschel R  Russell P  Schoeberl M  Toon G  Traub W  Valero FP  Selkirk H  Jordan J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1993,261(5125):1136-1140

On 19 January 1992, heterogeneous loss of HNO(3), ClNO(3), and HCl was observed in part of the Mount Pinatubo volcanic cloud that had cooled as a result of forced ascent. Portions of the volcanic cloud froze near 191 kelvin. The reaction probability of ClNO(3) and the solubility of HNO(3) were close to laboratory measurements on liquid sulfuric acid. The magnitude of the observed loss of HCl suggests that it underwent a heterogeneous reaction. Such reactions could lead to substantial loss of HCl on background sulfuric acid particles and so be important for polar ozone loss.  相似文献   

A virus in a fungus in a plant: three-way symbiosis required for thermal tolerance   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Márquez LM  Redman RS  Rodriguez RJ  Roossinck MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5811):513-515

A mutualistic association between a fungal endophyte and a tropical panic grass allows both organisms to grow at high soil temperatures. We characterized a virus from this fungus that is involved in the mutualistic interaction. Fungal isolates cured of the virus are unable to confer heat tolerance, but heat tolerance is restored after the virus is reintroduced. The virus-infected fungus confers heat tolerance not only to its native monocot host but also to a eudicot host, which suggests that the underlying mechanism involves pathways conserved between these two groups of plants.  相似文献   

The global circulation of seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses     

Russell CA  Jones TC  Barr IG  Cox NJ  Garten RJ  Gregory V  Gust ID  Hampson AW  Hay AJ  Hurt AC  de Jong JC  Kelso A  Klimov AI  Kageyama T  Komadina N  Lapedes AS  Lin YP  Mosterin A  Obuchi M  Odagiri T  Osterhaus AD  Rimmelzwaan GF  Shaw MW  Skepner E  Stohr K  Tashiro M  Fouchier RA  Smith DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5874):340-346

Antigenic and genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin of approximately 13,000 human influenza A (H3N2) viruses from six continents during 2002-2007 revealed that there was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia (E-SE Asia) via a region-wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year. Seed strains generally first reached Oceania, North America, and Europe, and later South America. This evidence suggests that once A (H3N2) viruses leave E-SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long-term viral evolution. If the trends observed during this period are an accurate representation of overall patterns of spread, then the antigenic characteristics of A (H3N2) viruses outside E-SE Asia may be forecast each year based on surveillance within E-SE Asia, with consequent improvements to vaccine strain selection.  相似文献   

Homologs of small nucleolar RNAs in Archaea     

Omer AD  Lowe TM  Russell AG  Ebhardt H  Eddy SR  Dennis PP 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5465):517-522

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AAV vector integration sites in mouse hepatocellular carcinoma     

Donsante A  Miller DG  Li Y  Vogler C  Brunt EM  Russell DW  Sands MS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5837):477

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EDWARD CHARLES PICKERING     

Russell HN 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1919,49(1259):151-155

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