Ring test evaluation of the detection of influenza A virus in swine oral fluids by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation     

Christa K. Goodell  Jianqiang Zhang  Erin Strait  Karen Harmon  Devi Patnayak  Tracy Otterson  Marie Culhane  Jane Christopher-Hennings  Travis Clement  Pamela Leslie-Steen  Richard Hesse  Joe Anderson  Kevin Skarbek  Amy Vincent  Pravina Kitikoon  Sabrina Swenson  Melinda Jenkins-Moore  Jodi McGill  Rolf Rauh  William Nelson  Catherine O’Connell  Rohan Shah  Chong Wang  Rodger Main  Jeffrey J. Zimmerman 《Canadian journal of veterinary research》2016,80(1):12-20

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Collecting horseradish (Armoracia rusticana, Brassicaceae): local uses and morphological characterization in Basilicata (Southern Italy)     

Giulio Sarli  Antonino De Lisi  Rosa Agneta  Sabrina Grieco  Giovanna Ierardi  Francesco Montemurro  Donatella Negro  Vincenzo Montesano 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2012,59(5):889-899

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DanTox—a novel joint research project using zebrafish (Danio rerio) to identify specific toxicity and molecular modes of action of sediment-bound pollutants     

Steffen Keiter  Sabrina Peddinghaus  Ute Feiler  Britta von der Goltz  Christoph Hafner  Nga Yu Ho  Sepand Rastegar  Jens C. Otte  Richard Ottermanns  Georg Reifferscheid  Uwe Strähle  Thomas Braunbeck  Monika Hammers-Wirtz  Henner Hollert 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2010,10(4):714-717

Introduction

The European Water Framework Directive aims to achieve a good ecological and chemical status in surface water of European rivers by the year 2015. Since sediments and particulate matter act as secondary sources for pollutants, applied sediment toxicology is perceived to play a major role for obtaining new knowledge that can contribute to successful attainment of the goal. However, the existing bioassays for sediment toxicity analyses do not provide sufficient data concerning bioavailability of environmental pollutants. In this regard, there is an urgent need to combine sediment contact assays with gene expression analysis to investigate mechanism-specific sediment toxicity.

Purpose

The aim of the novel joint research project is to develop a eukaryotic test system, which can be used to investigate the ecotoxicological effects of contaminated sediments on gene expression level (DNA-array and RT-PCR). Current ecotoxicological research customarily involves a battery of bioassays to cover different toxicological endpoints (e.g., teratogenicity, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, Ah-receptor-mediated toxicity, neurotoxicity). In contrast, methods that detect alterations in gene expression offer deeper insight by elucidating how chemical exposure and/or environmental challenge affect multiple metabolic pathways leading to these particular kinds of toxic response. Gene expression profiles reflect the way cells and organisms adapt or respond to a changing environment.

Conclusion

The present project aspires to increase the fundamental molecular and physiological knowledge concerning the mode of action of environmental toxicants in zebrafish (Danio rerio). By working with partners from the academic and research institutions as well as from industry and waterway regulations, the success of this basic research-driven joint project in terms of development and implementation of novel sediment toxicity methods will be realized.  相似文献   

Toward metrological traceability for DNA fragment ratios in GM quantification. 1. Effect of DNA extraction methods on the quantitative determination of Bt176 corn by real-time PCR     

Corbisier P  Broothaerts W  Gioria S  Schimmel H  Burns M  Baoutina A  Emslie KR  Furui S  Kurosawa Y  Holden MJ  Kim HH  Lee YM  Kawaharasaki M  Sin D  Wang J 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(9):3249-3257

An international CCQM-P60 pilot study involving eight national metrological institutes was organized to investigate if the quantification of genetically modified (GM) corn powder by real-time PCR was affected by the DNA extraction method applied. Four commonly used extraction methods were compared for the extraction of DNA from a GM Bt176 corn powder. The CTAB-based method yielded the highest DNA template quantity and quality. A difference in the 260 nm/230 nm absorbance ratio was observed among the different extraction methods. Real-time amplification of sequences specific for endogenous genes zein and hmg as well as transgenic sequences within the cryIA(b) gene and a fragment covering the junction between the transformed DNA and the plant genome were used to determine the GM percentage. The detection of the transgenic gene was affected by the quantity and quality of template used for the PCR reaction. The Bt176 percentages measured on diluted or purified templates were statistically different depending on the extraction method applied.  相似文献   

Neurexin and neuroligin mediate retrograde synaptic inhibition in C. elegans     

Z Hu  S Hom  T Kudze  XJ Tong  S Choi  G Aramuni  W Zhang  JM Kaplan 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6097):980-984

The synaptic adhesion molecules neurexin and neuroligin alter the development and function of synapses and are linked to autism in humans. Here, we found that Caenorhabditis elegans neurexin (NRX-1) and neuroligin (NLG-1) mediated a retrograde synaptic signal that inhibited neurotransmitter release at neuromuscular junctions. Retrograde signaling was induced in mutants lacking a muscle microRNA (miR-1) and was blocked in mutants lacking NLG-1 or NRX-1. Release was rapid and abbreviated when the retrograde signal was on, whereas release was slow and prolonged when retrograde signaling was blocked. The retrograde signal adjusted release kinetics by inhibiting exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs) that are distal to the site of calcium entry. Inhibition of release was mediated by increased presynaptic levels of tomosyn, an inhibitor of SV fusion.  相似文献   

The successional status of tropical rainforest tree species is associated with differences in leaf carbon isotope discrimination and functional traits     

Damien Bonal  Céline Born  Claude Brechet  Sabrina Coste  Eric Marcon  Jean-Christophe Roggy  Jean-Marc Guehl 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(2):169-176

We characterised the among species variability in leaf gas exchange and morphological traits under controlled conditions of seedlings of 22 tropical rainforest canopy species to understand the origin of the variability in leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) among species with different growth and dynamic characteristics (successional gradient). Our results first suggest that these species pursue a consistent strategy in terms of Δ throughout their ontogeny (juveniles grown here versus canopy adult trees from the natural forest). Second, leaf Δ was negatively correlated with WUE and N, and positively correlated with g_s, but among species differences in Δ were mainly explained by differences in WUE. Finally, species belonging to different successional groups display distinct leaf functional and morphological traits. We confirmed that fast growing early successional species maximise carbon assimilation with high stomatal conductance. In contrast, fast and slow growing late successional species are both characterised by low carbon assimilation values, but by distinct stomatal conductance and leaf morphological features. Along the successional gradient, these differences result in much lower Δ for the intermediate species (i.e. fast growing late successional) as compared to the two other groups.  相似文献   

Effect of food type and placement on earthworm (Aporrectodea tuberculata) burrowing and soil turnover     

Sabrina M. F. Cook  Dennis R. Linden 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1996,21(3):201-206

Subsurface-dwelling Aporrectodea tuberculata, a common earthworm in Upper-Midwest (USA) agricultural fields, may be a significant component of agroeco-systems with regard to soil mixing and preferential transport of water and chemicals. In this study we looked at effects of food residue placement and food type on A. tuberculata burrowing and soil turnover in two-dimensional Evans box microcosms. Four food residue placements mimicked patterns induced by primary tillage and two food types, readily available and natural food sources, with no food as a control. An average earthworm population of 100 earthworms m^-2 was calculated to generate 1058 km ha^-1 of new burrows and turnover 7.9 Mg ha^-1 of soil in 1 week of activity at 20°C. Burrowing was random until food sources were encountered, at which time burrowing appeared to center around the food source.  相似文献   

The influence of tenoscopic approaches on radiocarpal joint perforation during carpal sheath tenoscopy in horses     

Sabrina Skov Hansen DVM  Tamás Tóth DVM  DECVS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2020,49(2):274-280

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Biological control of plant diseases – What has been achieved and what is the direction?     

David B. Collinge  Dan Funck Jensen  Mojgan Rabiey  Sabrina Sarrocco  Michael W. Shaw  Richard H. Shaw 《Plant pathology》2022,71(5):1024-1047

The global sustainability agenda is increasing the demand for reduction in inputs into agricultural production while maintaining profitable yield of quality products. Plant diseases are a major constraint for both yield and product quality, but often tools for their control are ineffective or lacking. Biological control using antagonistic microorganisms has long been a subject of research resulting in a wide range of products that are now available and marketed in specific territories around the world. These preparations are often niche products with narrow uses. The research effort is intense both to develop new biological control agents (BCAs) and to obtain knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biological disease control. The prospects for biological control are promising. As a minimum, BCAs supplement other sustainable disease management practices such as disease resistance, and present opportunities for controlling diseases for which other approaches are ineffective or unavailable. We can realistically expect increasing use of BCAs to control crop diseases in ways that will benefit the environment. This review paper arose from a webinar held by the British Society for Plant Pathology as part of the International Year of Plant Heath (IYPH2020), at which many of the 300 participants posed or discussed interesting questions. This review is based on that input and the panel members at the webinar are all included as co-authors in this review.  相似文献   

Clinical characteristics and causes of pruritus in cats: a multicentre study on feline hypersensitivity-associated dermatoses     

Hobi S  Linek M  Marignac G  Olivry T  Beco L  Nett C  Fontaine J  Roosje P  Bergvall K  Belova S  Koebrich S  Pin D  Kovalik M  Meury S  Wilhelm S  Favrot C 《Veterinary dermatology》2011,22(5):406-413

Hypersensitivity dermatitides (HD) are often suspected in cats. Cats with HD are reported to present with one or more of the following patterns: miliary dermatitis, eosinophilic dermatitis, self-induced symmetrical alopecia or head and/or neck excoriations. Previous reports on feline HD included small numbers of animals, took place in geographically restricted areas or did not compare these conditions with other causes of pruritus. The goal of the present study was to analyse 72 parameters covering signalment, clinical, laboratory and treatment characteristics from a large group of pruritic cats from different geographical areas. Of the 502 cats, the following diagnoses were made: flea HD (29% of cases), food HD (12%) nonflea/nonfood HD (20%) and other diseases in which pruritus was a feature (24%). Cats with signs consistent with a HD but which did not complete a food trial were not analysed further (15% of cases). Most cats with nonflea HD exhibited signs compatible with one or more of the four typical lesional patterns, but none of these patterns was found to be pathognomonic for any specific diagnosis. Food HD and nonflea/nonfood HD were found to be clinically undistinguishable. Young adult, purebred and female cats appeared predisposed to nonflea/nonfood HD. As many diagnoses presented with similar lesional patterns, a thorough clinical work-up is required for establishment of a specific diagnosis.  相似文献