猪仿生消化中小肠阶段消化酶对饲粮总能与粗蛋白质消化率的贡献     

王亚  赵峰  张虎  党方昆  高庆涛  于耀  杜中原  萨仁娜 《动物营养学报》2019,31(7):3242-3250

本试验旨在探讨猪仿生消化中小肠阶段主要消化酶的组成及活性对饲粮养分消化率的贡献,为仿生消化法评定猪饲粮养分的消化率提供参考。试验采用单因素完全随机设计,5个处理分别为胃模拟消化、胃+小肠(淀粉酶)模拟消化、胃+小肠(淀粉酶+糜蛋白酶)模拟消化、胃+小肠(淀粉酶+糜蛋白酶+胰蛋白酶)模拟消化、胃+小肠(淀粉酶+糜蛋白酶+胰蛋白酶+小肠消化4 h时补充消化酶)模拟消化,每个处理5个重复,每个重复1根消化管。考察各处理条件下玉米、豆粕、小麦麸及玉米-豆粕型饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白质及总能消化率的差异和各消化酶的贡献。结果表明:1)模拟小肠液中淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶均可显著提高胃消化后玉米、豆粕、小麦麸及玉米-豆粕型饲粮的干物质、粗蛋白质以及总能的消化率(P<0.05);胰蛋白酶可以进一步提高胃消化后豆粕、小麦麸的干物质、粗蛋白质以及总能消化率(P<0.05);补充3种消化酶可以提高对小麦麸粗蛋白质及玉米-豆粕型饲粮干物质、粗蛋白质及总能的消化率(P<0.05)。2)小肠液中消化酶对饲粮养分消化率的贡献上,因饲粮底物的不同而异,其中淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶对总能和粗蛋白质消化率的贡献相对较高,而胰蛋白酶和补充消化酶对饲粮养分消化率的贡献虽然相对较少,但也可以引起消化率显著性差异(P<0.05)。在猪的小肠模拟消化阶段,淀粉酶、糜蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶及补充消化酶对饲粮养分的消化程度均有显著性贡献。  相似文献   

基于动物福利的羊捻转血矛线虫病防控技术研究进展     

罗晓平  李军燕  杨祥树  张家琰  赵小超  Khan Sawar  杨晓野  萨日娜  萨茹拉  冯新港 《动物医学进展》2019,(6):69-72

捻转血矛线虫是牛羊等反刍动物常见的寄生蠕虫,该虫寄生在牛羊等宿主体内,可导致宿主贫血,给畜牧业生产带来巨大的损失。近年来,随着国内对动物福利理念的普及,基于动物福利的疫病防控技术受到越来越多的重视,然而却未见基于此的相关论述。论文就现有羊捻转血矛线虫病防控技术,包括药物防控、生物防控、疫苗预防等进行综述,为今后研发基于动物福利的羊捻转血矛线虫病防控技术提供参考。  相似文献   

Ocular distribution and toxicity of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide in normal equine eyes     

N. Y. Yi  J. L. Davis  J. H. Salmon  B. C. Gilger 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2008,11(S1):15-19

Objective  To determine ocular distribution and toxicity of a single injection of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in normal horses.
Animals studied  Six adult horses, donated to North Carolina State University.
Procedures  Six horses were injected intravitreally with either 10, 20, or 40 mg ( n  = 2 each) of TA. The opposite eye of each horse was injected with balanced salt solution (BSS). Ocular toxicity was assessed by biomicroscopy, tonometry, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and electroretinogram. Aqueous humor (AH), vitreous humor (VH), and plasma samples were collected. Horses were euthanized 7 or 21 days after injection and eyes enucleated for histopathology. TA concentrations in AH, VH, and plasma were measured by HPLC.
Results  Three control eyes and one TA eye developed inflammation after injection or collection of AH. Positive bacterial cultures ( Corynebacterium spp., Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus spp.) were obtained from three of these eyes. Other than transient corneal edema in TA injected eyes, which resolved by 7 days after injection, no other changes were observed. TA crystals were visible within the vitreous body. No evidence of TA toxic effect was noted on histopathology. TA was detected in all AH and VH samples from treated eyes following injection. Drug was not detected in the plasma.
Conclusions  There was no evidence of overt toxicity from intravitreal TA in normal horses and a single intravitreal injection resulted in TA ocular levels for 21 days. However, the risk for bacterial infections with intravitreal injection or anterior chamber aspirations in horses is high. Use of topical and systemic antibiotics after injection is recommended.  相似文献   

Intestinal surgery in small animals: historical foundations,current thinking,and future horizons     

Gary W. Ellison DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS  J. Brad Case DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS‐SA  Penny J. Regier DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS‐SA 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2019,48(7):1171-1180

Intestinal wounds require precise closure after intestinal biopsy, enterotomy, or enterectomy in small animals. Preexisting factors such as intra‐abdominal sepsis and hypoalbuminemia as well as poor surgical technique increase the risk of intestinal dehiscence, with considerable negative impact on patient morbidity and mortality. Live dog studies have demonstrated the dangers of mucosal eversion especially in the septic abdomen. Approximating patterns preserve luminal diameter, heal optimally, and have equal bursting strength compared with inverting patterns after 24 hours. Simple interrupted and simple continuous suture patterns and disposable skin staples are established alternatives for manual wound closure. Knotless quilled suture currently used in laparoscopic gastropexy techniques shows bursting strength equal to monofilament sutures in dog cadaveric intestine. Dehiscence rates with hand sewn vs titanium automated stapling anastomosis are similar in uncomplicated cases; however, auto stapling devices may be the preferred method of anastomosis when preexisting abdominal sepsis is present and when patient size allows it. Regardless of the technique, current standard of care involves leak testing and omental wrapping, followed by early postoperative feeding. The past decade has ushered in an exciting new era of laparoscopic assisted techniques that have the potential to reduce postoperative pain and patient morbidity. An understanding of these applications will establish the future of minimally invasive small animal intestinal surgery for veterinary specialists. In summary, surgeons have a variety of methods at their disposal for optimal clinical outcome in small animal intestinal surgery.  相似文献   

短期休牧对克氏针茅草原植物群落物种多样性及稳定性影响研究     

罗培  萨茹拉  赛西雅拉图  张卫青 《中国饲料》2019,(15):24-28

文章采用野外植物样方采取及实验室数据分析相结合的方法,以阿巴嘎旗北部牧户常年放牧和隔年休牧的冬季草场为例,探讨短期休牧对克氏针茅草原植物物种多样性及群落稳定性的影响。结论如下:(1)两个草场植物群落内植物数量差异不大,主要差异表现在主要植物的平均重要值及两个草场仅有2对共优种。此外,短期休牧冬季草场的禾本科植物比重提升的同时,一年生藜科植物也显著提升;(2)短期休牧冬季草场的植物群落物种多样性指数略高于常年放牧冬季草场,但差异不显著;(3)两个草场植物群落处于中等相似水平,植物种间存在分异化趋势;(4)短期休牧冬季草场植物群落总体呈微弱正联结,种间联结松散,处于正向演替阶段,常年放牧冬季草场呈微弱负相关,群落较不稳定,存在一定退化风险;(5)两个草场的植物群落离稳定性都有一定差距,但短期休牧冬季草场植物群落稳定性略好于常年放牧冬季草场。可见,短期休牧有利于克氏针茅草原植物群落物种多样性和稳定性保持。  相似文献   

羊免疫布鲁菌病疫苗(S2株)免疫抗体长期监测结果的试验     

苏胜杰  马立峰  戴晓光  申捷  萨茹拉  郭少平  赵心力 《中国兽医杂志》2019,(3):29-32

为探究羊经布鲁菌病疫苗(S2株)免疫后的血清抗体长期动态消长规律,本试验于2012年9月-2015年9月选取阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗96只山羊、100只绵羊作为试验动物,经布鲁菌疫苗(S2株)100亿CFU、200亿CFU不同免疫剂量灌服,分别于免疫前和免疫后不同时间段采血分离血清,应用虎红平板凝集试验和试管凝集试验进行抗体监测。结果表明,绵羊组在一免后20d时,血清抗体阳性率达到最高峰,之后呈下降趋势,150d抗体阳性率降至0%,免疫后180d^360d,绵羊组抗体阳性率一直处于较低水平(0%~4%),二免和三免后不同时间段免疫抗体消长规律与首次免疫基本一致;山羊组抗体阳性率在免疫后20 d时,血清抗体阳性率达到最高峰,之后呈下降趋势,免疫后90 d^360 d,免疫抗体时高时低,起伏较大,无明显规律,二免和三免后不同时间段免疫抗体消长规律与首次免疫基本一致,结果同时表明,100亿CFU和200亿CFU两个免疫剂量组的抗体阳性率无明显差异。  相似文献   

Responses to light in a soil-dwelling springtail     

Sandrine Salmon  Jean-François Ponge 《European Journal of Soil Biology》1998,34(4):199

It has been widely assumed that Collembola respond to light, but until now there has been very little experimental proof of this. Field observations allowed to distinguish soil-dwelling species that would escape from light from surface-dwelling species that would be attracted to light. However, the supposed effect of light could be due to other factors such as temperature or dryness. We demonstrated that individuals of the collembolan species Heteromurus nitidus (Entomobryidae), when placed in a light gradient (temperature and moisture being homogeneous), clustered in the darker area. This effect occurred rapidly and changes in the distribution of animals persisted after illumination ceased. This shows light to act as a strong repellent for this soil-dwelling collembolan species.  相似文献   

Self-assembled aggregates of rod-coil block copolymers and their solubilization and encapsulation of fullerenes     

SA Jenekhe  XL Chen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,279(5358):1903-1907

Amphiphilic poly(phenylquinoline)-block-polystyrene rod-coil diblock copolymers were observed to self-organize into robust, micrometer-scale, spherical, vesicular, cylindrical, and lamellar aggregates from solution. These diverse aggregate morphologies were seen at each composition, but their size scale decreased with a decreasing fraction of the rigid-rod block. Compared to coil-coil block copolymer micelles, the present aggregates are larger by about two orders of magnitude and have aggregation numbers of over 10(8). The spherical and cylindrical aggregates have large hollow cavities. Only spherical aggregates with aggregation numbers in excess of 10(9) were formed in the presence of fullerenes (C60, C70) in solution, resulting in the solubilization and encapsulation of over 10(10) fullerene molecules per aggregate.  相似文献   

Tracking the long-term decline and recovery of an isolated population     

RL Westemeier  JD Brawn  SA Simpson  TL Esker  RW Jansen  JW Walk  EL Kershner  JL Bouzat  KN Paige 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5394):1695-1698

Effects of small population size and reduced genetic variation on the viability of wild animal populations remain controversial. During a 35-year study of a remnant population of greater prairie chickens, population size decreased from 2000 individuals in 1962 to fewer than 50 by 1994. Concurrently, both fitness, as measured by fertility and hatching rates of eggs, and genetic diversity declined significantly. Conservation measures initiated in 1992 with translocations of birds from large, genetically diverse populations restored egg viability. Thus, sufficient genetic resources appear to be critical for maintaining populations of greater prairie chickens.  相似文献   

精密镗床旋转轴几何误差完备性测量与辨识     

郭世杰  丁强强  邹云鹤  萨日娜  唐术锋 《农业机械学报》2024,55(1):446-458

针对四轴卧式镗床旋转轴需测几何误差的数目不统一与完备性缺失的问题,提出了基于形状创成函数的四轴卧式镗床旋转轴PIGEs形成机理分析方法与旋转轴完备几何误差测量辨识方法。基于形状创成机理构建了卧式镗床几何误差创成函数,确定了旋转轴可通过误差补偿进行调整的最少与位置无关的几何误差(Position-independent geometric error, PIGEs)数目。建立了卧式镗床旋转轴4项PIGEs、6项与位置有关的几何误差(Position-dependent geometric error, PDGEs)、6项安装误差(Setup error, SEs)与球杆仪(Double ball bar, DBB)测量轨迹半径之间的完备性函数模型,设计了基于DBB的四轴联动Viviani曲线测量轨迹,构建了旋转轴6项PDGEs的NURBS表征与PIGEs、SEs辨识方法。开展了误差补偿对比实验验证,结果表明,利用几何误差完备性测量与辨识结果进行误差补偿,较仅单一补偿6项PDGEs可提升圆轨迹测量精度40.69%。  相似文献