Native plant enthusiasm reaches new heights: Perceptions,evidence, and the future of green roofs     

Colleen Butler  Erin Butler  Colin M. Orians 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2012,11(1):1-10

The use of native plants on green roofs has attracted considerable attention in recent years. With this comes the implicit assumptions that native plants are better adapted, provide greater environmental benefit, and are more aesthetically pleasing than non-native plants. We examined papers published in scholarly journals and papers presented at the annual North American green roof conference to identify who is promoting the use of native plants on green roofs, their rationale for doing so, and the scientific evidence to support the assertion that natives are better adapted. Architects, landscape architects, and biologists were the most likely to promote native plants and engineers were the least likely. Many of the reasons for using native plants on green roofs originate from ground-level landscaping and have simply been transplanted to the roof, without regard for the fact that the rooftop is a fundamentally different environment than the ground. Nearly half of all pro-native papers used the term “native” without definition. This review highlights the need for greater rigor and transparency when promoting the use of native plants and further demonstrates how misconceptions can result in sub-optimal green roof design and performance.  相似文献   

Waxy durum acts as a unique form of crumb softener in bread     

Julie Lafaye  Heiterani LeeLaura Blake  Colin Jenner 《Journal of Cereal Science》2013

Flour milled from waxy durum grain was incorporated into bread formulations and its effects on crumb softness and loaf volume compared to those of added fats and emulsifiers. Waxy durum had a small effect on increasing loaf volume, and little of this effect could be explained by dough height or oven spring; effects of most other additives were closely related to dough height or oven spring. For all additives, the relationship between crumb softness and loaf volume fitted a power law relationship. Waxy durum and some of the additives had a greater softening effect than predicted from their effect on volume while others produced a much firmer crumb. With only one exception, when combined with other additives waxy durum reduced compression of the crumb more than predicted on the basis of the effects on loaf volume of the additives alone. In common with some of the added lipids, during compression analysis, crumb prepared with waxy durum flour had similar levels of structural damage as crumb baked from the standard formulation; other lipids and emulsifiers produced more fragile crumb. Waxy durum flour appears to have unique effects on crumb softness.  相似文献   

Detection of Streptococcus equi subspecies equi using a triplex qPCR assay     

Katy Webb  Colin Barker  Tihana Harrison  Zoe Heather  Karen F. Steward  Carl Robinson  J. Richard Newton  Andrew S. Waller 《Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)》2013,195(3):300-304

Genome sequencing data for Streptococcus equi subspecies equi and zooepidemicus were used to develop a novel diagnostic triplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay targeting two genes specific to S. equi (eqbE and SEQ2190) and a unique 100 base pair control DNA sequence (SZIC) inserted into the SZO07770 pseudogene of S. zooepidemicus strain H70. This triplex strangles qPCR assay can provide results within 2 h of sample receipt, has an overall sensitivity of 93.9% and specificity of 96.6% relative to the eqbE singlex assay and detects S. equi at levels below the threshold of the culture assay, even in the presence of contaminating bacteria.  相似文献   

Feature Review Series     

Dr Colin Mackintosh 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6)

Extract

This issue of the New Zealand Veterinary Journal contains our second Feature Review Series, this time comprising six state-of- the-art reviews on the Health and Welfare of Farmed Deer. Topics have been chosen to elaborate areas of veterinary science of both national and international importance, and have been contributed by acknowledged experts in these fields. This review series has been sponsored by the Deer Branch of the New Zealand Veterinary Association, whose support is gratefully acknowledged. Our intention is to include a Feature Review Series in the December issue of the Journal each year. Ed.  相似文献   

Correlations between the amounts of free asparagine and saccharides present in commercial cereal flours in the United Kingdom and the generation of acrylamide during cooking     

Hamlet CG  Sadd PA  Liang L 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(15):6145-6153

A range of commercially available cereals (mainly rye and wheat) used to manufacture U.K. bakery products were obtained, and the levels of free amino acids and sugars were measured. Selected samples were cooked as flours and doughs to generate acrylamide and the data compared with those obtained from a model system using dough samples that had been additionally fortified with asparagine (Asn) and sugars (glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose). In cooked flours and doughs, Asn was the key determinant of acrylamide generation. A significant finding for biscuit and rye flours was that levels of Asn were correlated with fructose and glucose. The results suggest that for these commercial cereals, selection based on low fructose and glucose contents, and hence low asparagine, could be beneficial in reducing acrylamide in products (e.g., crackers and crispbreads) that have no added sugars.  相似文献   

Migration pathways,speed and mortality of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts in a Scottish river and the near‐shore coastal marine environment          下载免费PDF全文

Angus J. Lothian  Matthew Newton  James Barry  Marcus Walters  Richard C. Miller  Colin E. Adams 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2018,27(2):549-558

Long‐distance migration of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is known to result in high levels of mortality. For a species experiencing global population decline, it is thus vital to better understand migration behaviour, both in the river and marine stages. Atlantic salmon smolts (n = 50) were tracked using acoustic telemetry in the River Deveron, Scotland, and adjacent coastal area. Higher rates of mortality were observed in the river (0.77% per km) than the early marine stage of migration (0.0% per km). Mortality likely resulted from predation. Higher swim speeds were recorded in the early marine stage compared with the river (marine = 7.37 ± 28.20 km/day; river = 5.03 ± 1.73 km/day [mean ± SD]), a potential predator avoidance behaviour. The majority of smolts leaving the river did so in darkness and on a flooding tide. Overall river and marine migration success were linked to nights of lower lunar brightness. Marine migration speed decreased with increasing environmental noise levels, a finding with implications for fisheries management. The migration pathway in the early marine environment did not follow obvious geographical features, such as the coastline. Thus, we suggest that early marine environment pathways are more influenced by complex water currents. These findings highlight factors that influence smolt migration survival and behaviour, areas on which future research should focus.  相似文献   

Re: Letter to the editor from Charissa Smith, Aust Vet J 2008;86:293     

Wilks C 《Australian veterinary journal》2008,86(10):373-374

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PENICILLIN     

T. G. Hungerford    Colin  Blumer  P. L. Williams    W. B. King    J. Chalmers    R. O. C. King    Arthur  Webster  L. N. Thornton    T. L. Furness    Hugh McL.  Gordon  R. T. Pursell    R. J. Oxley    J. Charteris    V. G. Cole  H. E. Beattie 《Australian veterinary journal》1947,23(3):76-76

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Aquatic veterinary medicine     

Merrill PL  Tepper J  Walster CI  Palić D  Miller-Morgan T  Johnston CJ 《The Veterinary record》2007,160(13):452

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Closed fluoroscopic-assisted spinal arch external skeletal fixation for the stabilization of vertebral column injuries in five dogs     

Wheeler JL  Lewis DD  Cross AR  Sereda CW 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2007,36(5):442-448

Objective— To evaluate outcome after closed fluoroscopic-assisted application of spinal arch external skeletal fixators in dogs with vertebral column injuries.
Study Design— Retrospective case series.
Animals— Dogs with traumatic vertebral column injuries (n=5).
Methods— Medical records of dogs with vertebral column fractures and/or luxations stabilized with spinal arch external skeletal fixator frames applied using a closed fluoroscopic-assisted technique were reviewed. Owners were contacted to obtain long-term clinical outcomes.
Results— Five dogs (age range, 6–72 months; weight, 10–54 kg) had traumatic vertebral column injuries stabilized with spinal arch external skeletal fixators applied in closed fashion. Injuries involved vertebral segments of the thoracolumbar junction, lumbar spine, and lumbosacral junction. Immediately postoperatively, 4 dogs had anatomic alignment of their vertebral fracture/luxation; 1 dog had 1 mm of vertebral canal height compromise. Time to fixator removal ranged from 65 to 282 days (141±87 days). All dogs had regained satisfactory neurologic function by 3 months. At long-term follow-up (range, 282–780 days; mean 445±190 days) all dogs were judged to have good to excellent return of function by their owners.
Conclusion— Successful closed fluoroscopic-assisted application of external skeletal fixators using spinal arches provided satisfactory reduction with few complications in 5 dogs. Return to function was judged to be good to excellent in all dogs at long-term evaluation.
Clinical Relevance— Closed fluoroscopic-assisted application of ESF using spinal arches provided satisfactory reduction and effective stabilization of spinal fractures with few complications and should be considered as a treatment approach.  相似文献