INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND PHOSPHORUS NUTRITION ON PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF TWO BARLEY SPECIES     

N. A. Khosh Kholgh Sima  S. Tale Ahmad  R. A. Alitabar  Arezoo Mottaghi  Mohammad Pessarakli 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(9):1411-1428

Salinity is one of the most important agricultural problems in Iran. The effect of different levels of salinity and phosphorus on shoot length, root and shoot fresh and dry weight, nutrient elements (sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), phosphorus (P) and chloride (Cl^?), proline and soluble sugar contents of barley were investigated. Two cultivars of barley, Hordeum murinum (wild resistant germplasm) and Hordeum vulgar, variety Afzal were treated in vegetative stage under hydroponics condition in a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized block (CRB) design with four levels of salinity [0, 100, 200 and 300 mM sodium chloride (NaCl)] and three levels of phosphorus (15, 30 and 55 μm L^?1) with three replications. By increasing salinity, all the measured parameters, except sodium (Na⁺) content were reduced. Furthermore, with increased in phosphorus levels from 15 to 55 μm, Na⁺ content of the plant shoots decreased, but length, fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots and K⁺, P, Cl^?, proline, and soluble sugars content of the shoots increased. The results indicated that accumulation of mineral ions for osmotic adjustment and restriction of Na⁺ accumulation in shoots were involved in phosphorus enhancement of the salt tolerance of barley. Thus, it seems that in saline soils, where there is no possibility for soil leaching and amending, application of phosphorus fertilizers can lead to a satisfactory growth and production in barely yield.  相似文献   

What is the ocean: A sea‐change in our perceptions and values?     

Jenny Rock  Ellen Sima  Manon Knapen 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2020,30(3):532-539

1. Throughout human history, the ocean has occupied myriad cultural meanings, mythologies and practices, which were often founded on a notion of the sea as being so large and ‘powerful’ as to be immune to human impacts. These conceptions were grounded in observations from the surface or shoreline, and in periods when human activities in the ocean were more technologically and spatially limited than they are today.
2. Advancements in science and technology have significantly altered how humans interact with and access the ocean, allowing exploration and exploitation of ocean areas and processes that were previously incomprehensible. This new capacity to understand and extract from the ocean might be expected to profoundly alter human relationships to it and conceptions of it.
3. As public support and engagement with marine conservation and ‘blue economies’ stem from value and belief systems, future marine management will benefit from recognizing our historical marine relationships as context for changes in understanding, use, and the increasing environmental degradation faced by the ocean. This review focuses on perspectives of the ocean that have been held historically and queries their future persistence at this potential turning point in our relationship with the ocean.

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Full sequence analysis of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes and proteins of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus detected in Iran, 2015     

Yegani  Sima  Shoushtari  Abdel-Hamid  Eshratabadi  Fatemeh  Molouki  Aidin 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(3):605-612

Over the last two decades, the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has gained a lot of attention due to its zoonotic and mutative nature. Iran is among the countries significantly affected by the virus as it hosts migratory birds during seasonal migration. In this study, the molecular characterizations of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes and proteins of H5N1 strain A/chicken/Iran/8/2015 detected in backyard poultry, Mazandaran province, were investigated. Phylogenetic analysis classified this virus as a member of subclade 2.3.2.1c, with the cleavage site motif of “PQRERRRK-R/GLF”. HA carried a few mutations altering affinity to mammalian cells; however, the virus was categorized as avian. NA protein had the 20-amino acid deletion at aa position 49–69 similar to those isolated since 2000. Mutations of H253Y and H274Y contributing to antiviral resistance were present in NA. From this analysis, it can be concluded that the wild migratory birds flying from Western Asia to Eastern Africa are probably the main carriers of seasonal H5N1 in the country.

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Patterns and determinants of human-carnivore conflicts in Central Iran: realities and perceptions behind the conflict     

Mokarameh Behmanesh  Mahmoud Reza Hemami  Sima Fakheran 《Human Dimensions of Wildlife》2019,24(1):14-30

This article assessed the patterns and determinants of human-carnivore conflicts and local attitudes toward carnivores in 18 villages in eastern Isfahan Province, Central Iran. Livestock depredation by carnivores was common, representing a total loss of 3% and 13% of sheep and poultry population, respectively. Over 93% depredation events were attributed to the gray wolf. Households and herders held negative attitudes toward the gray wolf due to their perceived threat to livestock and humans and expressed positive attitudes toward other carnivore species. Preventative measures, such as improved livestock husbandry seem to reduce damage caused by carnivores. In general, livestock that were herded by day with the presence of shepherds and guardian dogs and kept within an enclosure at night with dog presence were 35% less likely to be killed by wild predators. Education influenced peoples’ attitudes toward carnivores.  相似文献   

DNA分子标记检测家蚕黄海、苏春品种和纯度的研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

徐世清陈息林  戴璇颖司马杨虎王玉军  吴阳春朱端红 唐斌 《江苏蚕业》2005,27(3):4-9

利用单粒卵微量DNA抽提法,从家蚕黄海、苏春及其一代杂交种转青蚕卵快速提取出基因组DNA。筛选出的RAPD随机引物S60稳定扩增出2个原种的DNA特异性片段RH-Ⅰ440和RS-Ⅱ1000,克隆和测序后发现分别为463bp和约938bp。利用网上数据库进行序列分析,RH-Ⅰ440的nt2-462与一个家蚕wholegenomeshotgunsequence(WGS)(No:BAAB01096026.1)的nt1644-2104有96%的一致性,其中存在2个Caps。RS-Ⅱ1000的nt3-935与另一个家蚕WGS(No:BAAB01031489.1)的nt1046-1989有97%的一致性,其中存在13个Gaps。RH-Ⅰ440和RS-Ⅱ1000可以作为两个品种RAPD特征DNA片段进行品种和纯度的鉴定。  相似文献   

体外25℃家蚕卵酯酶A4的ATP酶活性变化及其与滞育性的关系     

徐世清  藤国琴  甲斐英则 《蚕业科学》2000,26(3):140-145

从家蚕卵纯化出EA4酶蛋白 ,调查了温度对EA4的ATP酶最高活性和其出现时间的影响以及与蚕卵滞育性的关系。EA4的酶活性反应温度为 2 5℃时比 5℃时提高约 1 0倍。从滞育性卵和盐酸处理卵纯化EA4 ,或者用EA4的活性抑制多肽 (PIN)体外处理酶蛋白质 ,2 5℃中EA4的最高活性出现时间比 5℃中显著提早。随纯化时卵龄或PIN处理时间的改变 ,2 5、5℃中EA4的最高活性出现时间以及与蚕卵 5℃冷藏时滞育发育时间有相同趋势的变化。体外 2 5℃和体外 5℃一样 ,EA4的最高活性出现时间与蚕卵的滞育发育有密切的关系  相似文献   

红外蔬菜脱水机试验研究     

苏国粱  司马中文  魏忠彩  孙传祝 《农机化研究》2015,(7):240-243

针对现有设备存在的链板易因变形而导致脱落等问题,将链板改为加强杆链板,以增加其刚度;针对现有设备存在的干燥时间过长等问题,将现有的红外与热风组合加热改为全部红外辐射加热。本文利用改进后的设备,并采用"薄层快速"干燥工艺对胡萝卜进行了干燥试验。结果表明:将胡萝卜干燥至含水率为7.70%时的干燥时间为118min,平均能耗为6.26MJ/kg(H2O);与改进前相比,平均能耗降低了8.3 5%,干燥时间减少了5 4.6 2%,干燥效率提高达1倍之多。因此,改进后的设备更具实用价值,更好地满足了蔬菜脱水行业的产业化需求。  相似文献   

家蚕多肽抑制因子对酯酶A4的ATP酶活性影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

徐世清  郑必平  陈息林  司马杨虎  虞晓华  甲斐英则  徐俊良 《蚕业科学》1999,25(1):16-21

从产下后２ｄ的家蚕Ｃ１０８品种滞育性卵精制酯酶Ａ４和其多肽抑制因子ＰＩＮ，体外调查了ＰＩＮ对酯酶Ａ４的ＡＴＰ酶活性影响。酯酶Ａ４和ＰＩＮ５℃混合２５～１３ｄ，除去ＰＩＮ后５℃保护，ＡＴＰ酶活性峰都在１２～１４ｄ后出现；２５℃混合时，除去ＰＩＮ后，ＡＴＰ酶活性峰出现时间为混合时间再加１２～１４ｄ。利用ＭＡＬＤＩＭＳ方法，首次检测到纯化的酯酶Ａ４和合成ＰＩＮ的结合体。  相似文献   

The cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with isoflurane,ketamine‐diazepam or propofol‐diazepam in the hypovolemic dog     

Sima Fayyaz DVM  BA  MSc  Carolyn L Kerr DVM  DVSc  PhD  Diplomate ACVA  Doris H Dyson DVM  DVSc  Diplomate ACVA  Kuldip K Mirakhur BVSc  MVSc  PhD 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2009,36(2):110-123

ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the cardiopulmonary effects of induction of anesthesia with isoflurane (Iso), ketamine–diazepam (KD), or propofol–diazepam (PD) in hypovolemic dogs.Study designProspective randomized cross–over trial.AnimalsSix healthy intact, mixed breed, female dogs weighing 20.7 ± 4.2 kg and aged 22 ± 2 months.MethodsDogs had 30 mL kg^?1 of blood removed at a rate of 1.5 mL kg^?1 minute^?1 under isoflurane anesthesia. Following a 30–minute recovery period, anesthesia was reinduced. Dogs were assigned to one of three treatments: isoflurane via facemask using 0.5% incremental increases in the delivered concentration every 30 seconds, 1.25 mg kg^?1 ketamine and 0.0625 mg kg^?1 diazepam intravenously (IV) with doses repeated every 30 seconds as required, and 2 mg kg^?1 propofol and 0.2 mg kg^?1 diazepam IV followed by 1 mg kg^?1 propofol increments IV every 30 seconds as required. Following endotracheal intubation all dogs received 1.7% end–tidal isoflurane in oxygen. Cardiopulmonary variables were recorded at baseline (before induction) and at 5 or 10 minute intervals following endotracheal intubation.ResultsInduction time was longer in Iso (4.98 ± 0.47 minutes) compared to KD (3.10 ± 0.47 minutes) or PD (3.22 ± 0.45 minutes). To produce anesthesia, KD received 4.9 ± 2.3 mg kg^?1 ketamine and 0.24 ± 0.1 mg kg^?1 diazepam, while PD received 2.2 ± 0.4 mg kg^?1 propofol and 0.2 mg kg^?1 diazepam. End–tidal isoflurane concentration immediately following intubation was 1.7 ± 0.4% in Iso. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate were significantly higher in KD and PD compared to Iso and in KD compared to PD. Arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure was significantly higher in PD compared to KD and Iso immediately after induction.Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn hypovolemic dogs, KD or PD, as used in this study to induce anesthesia, resulted in less hemodynamic depression compared to isoflurane.  相似文献   

Anesthetic equipment fault leading to hypercapnia in a cat     

Mattson SF  Kerr CL  Dyson DH 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2004,31(3):231-234

Spontaneous ventilation during positive pressure ventilation was observed in a 4-year-old DSH cat maintained under general anesthesia with isoflurane delivered with a nonrebreathing system. This was accompanied by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. On investigation, neither an inadequate plane of anesthesia, nor hypoxemia, nor hyperthermia was present. The nonrebreathing system was replaced and the hypercapnia resolved. A defect in the inner fresh gas delivery tube of the Bain system was identified. A simple and quick test is described which can be performed to verify the integrity of the inner tube of the Bain breathing circuit.  相似文献