Chemistry of Fog Water Collected in the Mt. Rokko Area (Kobe City, Japan) between April 1997 and March 2001     

Masahide Aikawa  Takatoshi Hiraki  Mitsuru Shoga  Motonori Tamaki 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2005,160(1-4):373-393

Fog chemistry was studied for four years (April 1997–March 2001) at Mt. Rokko (altitude 931 m) in Kobe, Japan. A collection of samples was obtained at a mountainous site close to a highly industrialized area. The samples were collected by an active string-fog collector. The summer fog was dense and frequent. The geography of Mt. Rokko is linked to the seasonality of the occurrence and the thickness of the fog. Among the meteorological parameters, the relative humidity was important for the occurrence of fog. The correlation of the concentrations of the components in fog water indicated that (NH₄)₂SO₄ and/or NH₄HSO₄ were involved in the process of the formation of fog drops in the atmosphere. The concentration of the components decreased with an increase in the liquid water content (LWC) of the fog, and the seasonal variation of the concentration of some components depended on the seasonal variation of the LWC. The equivalent ratio of NO₃ ^? to non-sea salt (nss?) SO₄ ^2? was considerably larger than that in precipitation. Ammonium ion accounted for the largest percentage of cations, which indicates that NH₄ ⁺ was an important counter cation for NO₃ ^? and nss-SO₄ ^2?. A unique fog event in which the air pollutants seemed to be scavenged stoichiometrically was sometimes observed. The methodology used for collecting fog water at 60 mL intervals provided detailed information.  相似文献   

Cloud Water Deposition to Forest Canopies of Cryptomeria Japonica at Mt.Rokko, Kobe, Japan     

Tomiki Kobayashi  Yoshihiro Nakagawa  Motonori Tamaki  Takatoshi Hiraki  Masahide Aikawa 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2001,130(1-4):601-606

Cloud water deposition to canopies of Cryptomeria japonica at Mt.Rokko, Kobe, Japan, was estimated from throughfall measurements and fog water collections carried out during a full year. Annual cloud frequency was 11.5–15.5% and liquid water content (LWC) was 0.059 g/m³. Since cloud water deposition on to forest canopies was significantly correlated with the amount of fog water collected, the former parameter could be quantitatively derived from throughfall measurements. Annual cloud water deposition on to Cryptomeria canopies was 1420–2860 mm (Av. 2140 mm), corresponding to 90–180% (Av. 122%) of annual rainfall. The rate of deposition was higher at the mountain ridge and the forest edge than at the mountain side and the forest interior. Annual deposition of SO₄ ^2?, NO₃ ^?, H⁺ and NH₄ ⁺ from cloud water was estimated as 204, 153, 2.5 and 58 kg/ha, respectively, equivalent to 5.8–11.7 times the corresponding deposition via rain. The values are equal to, or exceed, the maximum deposition reported for Appalachian forests in the eastern United States. Multiple regression analyses indicate that cloud water deposition on to Cryptomeria canopies was significantly correlated with the following three parameters: cloud frequency, LWC, and wind speed. Thus, these three factors apparently control cloud water deposition on to forest canopies.  相似文献   

Candidates to Provide a Specific Concentration Difference for Ambient Sulfur and Nitrogen Compounds Near the Coastal and Roadside Sites of Japan     

Masahide Aikawa  Yu Morino  Mizuo Kajino  Takatoshi Hiraki  Yosuke Horie  Ryouhei Nakatsubo  Chisato Matsumura  Hitoshi Mukai 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2016,227(9):353

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Effects of anesthesia and surgery on U crit performance and MO2 in chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta     

Kazufumi Hayashida  Hisaya Nii  Takatoshi Tsuji  Koji Miyoshi  Satoshi Hamamoto  Hiroshi Ueda 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(4):907-915

Telemetry is a useful technique for elucidating salmon behavior, but the recovery periods before fish can be safely released after the attachment of telemetry devices have not yet been established. Reported recovery times vary widely, from 2 h to 13 days. We examined how anesthesia and surgery to attach external electromyogram (EMG) transmitters affected chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) recovery based on three physiological parameters. Fish subjected to anesthesia plus EMG transmitter attachment (EMG group), anesthesia only (AO group), and no handling (control) were placed in a swim tunnel. Critical swimming speed (U _crit), oxygen consumption (MO₂), and muscle activity (EMG values) were assessed 0, 1, 6, 12, 24, and 30 h after treatment. The MO₂ in the EMG and AO groups was higher than in the control group 1 h after treatment, but did not differ significantly from the control in all subsequent trials (from 6 to 30 h after treatment). Values for U _crit and EMG were not significantly different from the control group in any of the trials conducted 1–30 h after treatment. We concluded that chum salmon had regained their normal swimming ability by 6 h after treatment and could be safely released into the natural environment.  相似文献   

Genomic evaluation using SNP‐ and haplotype‐based genomic relationship matrices in a closed line of Duroc pigs          下载免费PDF全文

Yoshinobu Uemoto  Shuji Sato  Takashi Kikuchi  Sachiko Egawa  Kimiko Kohira  Hironori Sakuma  Satoshi Miyashita  Shinji Arata  Takatoshi Kojima  Keiichi Suzuki 《Animal Science Journal》2017,88(10):1465-1474

A simulation analysis and real phenotype analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of three different relationship matrices on heritability estimation and prediction accuracy in a closed‐line breeding of Duroc pigs. The numerator relationship matrix (NRM), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based genomic relationship matrix (GRM) (G_S), and haplotype‐based GRM (G_H) were applied in this study. We used PorcineSNP60 genotype array data (38 114 SNPs) of 831 Duroc pigs with four selection traits. In both heritability estimation and prediction accuracy, the accuracy depended on the number of animals with records. For heritability estimation, a large difference in the results among three relationship matrices was not shown, but the trend of the estimated heritabilities between GRMs, that is G_S < G_H, was shown in this population. For the accuracy of prediction values in test animals, the accuracies of prediction values obtained by two GRMs were higher than that by the NRM in this population. The accuracies obtained by GRMs using animals with no records were lower than that by the NRM using animals with their performance records, but were close to that by the NRM using animals with full‐sib testing records.  相似文献   

Importance of prumycin produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SD‐32 in biocontrol against cucumber powdery mildew disease          下载免费PDF全文

Keijitsu Tanaka  Mutsumi Fukuda  Yusuke Amaki  Takatoshi Sakaguchi  Koji Inai  Atsushi Ishihara  Hiromitsu Nakajima 《Pest management science》2017,73(12):2419-2428

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Mapping the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for body shape and conformation measurements on BTA1 in Japanese Black cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Aduli Enoch Othniel MALAU-ADULI  Tomomi NIIBAYASHI  Takatoshi KOJIMA  Kazunaga OSHIMA  Yasushi MIZOGUCHI  Masanori KOMATSU 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):19-27

The detection and mapping of segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL) that influence withers height, hip height, hip width, body length, chest width, chest depth, shoulder width, lumbar width, thurl width, pin bone width, rump length, cannon circumference, chest girth, abdominal width and abdominal girth at weaning was conducted on chromosomal regions of bovine chromosome one. The QTL analysis was performed by genotyping half‐sib progeny of five Japanese Black sires using microsatellite DNA markers. Probability coefficients of inheriting allele 1 or 2 from the sire at specific chromosomal locations were computed. The phenotypic data of progeny were regressed on these probability coefficients in a within‐common‐parent regression analysis using a linear model that included fixed effects of sex, parity and season of birth, as well as age as a covariate. F‐statistics were calculated every 1 cM on a linkage map. Permutation tests of 10 000 iterations were conducted to obtain chromosome‐wide significance thresholds. A significant QTL for chest width was detected at 91 cM in family 3. The detection of this QTL boosts the prospects of implementing marker‐assisted selection for body conformation traits in Japanese Black beef cattle.  相似文献   

Methane emission from stored dairy manure slurry and slurry after digestion by methane digester   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Kazutaka UMETSU  Yoshiaki KIMURA  Junichi TAKAHASHI  Tadashi KISHIMOTO  Takeshi KOJIMA  Bruce YOUNG 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):73-79

To examine the effect of storage temperature on the emission of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and on recovery of nutrients from raw dairy manure slurry (RS) and slurry digested in a methane digester (DS), both slurries were stored in closed 100 L steel tanks under psychrophilic conditions (5, 10, 15 and 20°C) for a 150 day period. As the storage temperature increased, total methane emission increased in both types of slurry. The amount of methane emitted per unit of volatile solids of the RS and DS was 0.19 L/g and 0.10 L/g, respectively. The respective carbon dioxide emissions were 0.20 L/g for RS and 0.12 L/g for DS at 20°C of storage temperature. At temperatures greater than 15°C, the methane concentration in the emitted gas remained more than 40% of the total gas. During the experimental period, in excess of 90% of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen in these slurries was recovered (91.4–93.7% for RS and 93.7–98.4% for DS) after storage, and ammonium nitrogen was recovered in excess of 100% (100.1–143.2% for RS and 106.7–143.2% for DS storage tanks) because of the mineralization of organic nitrogen in the influent. These results indicate that manure slurry characteristics and storage temperature have significant impacts on methane emission. It can be concluded that on typical farms located in northern Japan, methane emission from manure storage tanks during late fall, winter and early spring may be negligible, because of manure temperatures less than 10°C. During late spring, summer and early fall, methane emissions can be substantially reduced by using underground storage to maintain lower manure temperatures.  相似文献   

Breed Differences in Dopamine Receptor D4 Gene (DRD4) in Horses     

Yusuke HORI  Takatoshi OZAKI  Yoshimitsu YAMADA  Teruaki TOZAKI  Heui-Soo KIM  Ayaka TAKIMOTO  Maiko ENDO  Noboru MANABE  Miho INOUE-MURAYAMA  Kazuo FUJITA 《Journal of Equine Science》2013,24(3):31-36

Genetic polymorphisms in genes related to neurotransmitters or hormones affect personality or behavioral traits in many animal species including humans. In domestic animals, the allele frequency of such genes has been reported to be different among breeds and it may account for breed differences in behavior. In this study, we investigated breed differences in horses in the dopamine receptor D4 gene (DRD4), which has been reported to affect horse personality. We collected samples from seven horse breeds including those native to Japan and Korea, and compared the sequence of the DRD4 exon3 region among these breeds. We found that there were two types of polymorphisms (VNTR and SNPs) in the exon3 region, and some of them seemed to be breed-specific. In addition, we found that the allele frequency of G292A, reported to be associated with horse personality, differed greatly between native Japanese horses and Thoroughbred horses. The frequency of the A allele which is associated with low curiosity and high vigilance, was much lower in native Japanese horses (Hokkaido, 0.03; Taishu, 0.08) than in Thoroughbreds (0.62). This difference may account for breed differences in personality or behavioral traits. Further studies of the function of these polymorphisms and their effect on behavior are indicated.  相似文献   

Molecular detection of filarial nematode parasites in Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) from Iwate Prefecture, Japan     

Tatsunori MASATANI  Isshu KOJIMA  Michiyo TASHIRO  Kiyoshi YAMAUCHI  Daisuke FUKUI  Madoka ICHIKAWA-SEKI  Ryo HARASAWA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(2):208

This study aimed to detect filarial parasites in blood samples of Japanese black bears (Ursus thibetanus japonicus) collected from Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Positive amplicons were obtained from 26 out of 30 samples by nested PCR targeting 18S ribosomal RNA gene and first internal transcribed spacer regions. DNA sequences of Mansonella sp. close to M. ozzardi and Dirofilaria sp. were detected for eight and 11 positive amplicons, respectively. Co-infection was detected for the remaining seven amplicons. Dirofilaria sp. was identified as D. ursi by further genetic analysis of 5S ribosomal RNA gene sequence. The results of this study will contribute to further investigations of Japanese black bears for monitoring their risk as a reservoir of possible zoonotic filarial parasites.  相似文献