Collateral uterine blood flow in Holstein cows during the third trimester of pregnancy     

Nishida T  Hosoda K  Matsuyama H  Ishida M 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2006,52(5):663-668

Blood flow to the gravid and nongravid uterine horns of four multiparous Holstein cows (mean +/- SD, BW=641.8 +/- 95.4 kg; age=4.8 +/- 1.2 years; parity=3.0 +/- 1.2) was measured on days 225, 248, and 266 of gestation. Surgery was conducted on day 214.5 +/- 4.0 of gestation through the flank of the standing cows. Transit-time ultrasonic flow probes (diameter 12 or 14 mm) were fitted surgically around the uterine arteries of each cow. Surgery was completed within two hours of anesthesia, and the animals recovered rapidly following surgery. Uterine blood flow (UBF, l/min) was recorded at 10 sec intervals for approximately 23.5 hours; these values were averaged to determine UBF. The mean gravid UBF was significantly (P<0.05) greater than the nongravid UBF in this study. The range of the gravid and nongravid UBFs varied from 3.61 to 14.05 and 0.72 to 6.54 l/min, respectively. There were no changes (P>0.1) in the mean gravid and nongravid UBFs from day 225 to 266 of gestation.  相似文献   

Natural and experimental evidence of melt lubrication of faults during earthquakes     

Di Toro G  Hirose T  Nielsen S  Pennacchioni G  Shimamoto T 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,311(5761):647-649

Melt produced by friction during earthquakes may act either as a coseismic fault lubricant or as a viscous brake. Here we estimate the dynamic shear resistance (tau(f)) in the presence of friction-induced melts from both exhumed faults and high-velocity (1.28 meters per second) frictional experiments. Exhumed faults within granitoids (tonalites) indicate low tau(f) at 10 kilometers in depth. Friction experiments on tonalite samples show that tau(f) depends weakly on normal stress. Extrapolation of experimental data yields tau(f) values consistent with the field estimates and well below the Byerlee strength. We conclude that friction-induced melts can lubricate faults at intermediate crustal depths.  相似文献   

Conversion of soil particle size distribution and texture classification from ISSS system to FAO/USDA system in Japanese paddy soils     

Tomoki TAKAHASHI  Keiko NAKANO  Rikiya NIRA  Etsushi KUMAGAI  Mizuhiko NISHIDA  Mari NAMIKAWA 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2020,66(3):407-414

ABSTRACT

The conversion between the two different systems, ISSS and FAO/USDA, of particle size distribution and soil texture classification is useful to characterize soil physical properties and usage of each published. The objective of this study is to test some functions that have been published for conversion from ISSS to FAO/USDA system for Japanese paddy soils and to select the best method. We tested the topsoils of 267 Japanese paddy fields using the log-linear method, log-normal method, multiple regression method, Skaggs et al.’s method, and Minasny and McBratney’s method. The least AIC was obtained using multiple regression method, and the equation derived was given as follows:

si_FAO/USDA = 1.305si_ISSS + 0.396fs_ISSS?0.100cs_ISSS ? 12.323

where si, fs, and cs are the percentage of silt, fine sand, and coarse sand respectively; ISSS and FAO/USDA is the fractionation system; and its RMSE was 3.1%. For the case that only the total sand content (s) is available instead of fine sand and coarse sand, the following equation was obtained:

si_FAO/USDA = 0.314si_ISSS + 1.533s_ISSS ? 20.903 (RMSE = 3.7%)

Among the non-empirical methods, the best estimation method was Skaggs et al.’s method, and its RMSE was 3.3%. The soil texture classification by FAO/USDA system using estimated particle size fractions by the above equation can be classified to correct categories. The accuracy ratio of the classification was 93-97%.  相似文献   

Effects of the feeding of wild Yeso sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) on the prevention of damage due to bark stripping and the use of feeding sites     

Takayoshi MASUKO  Kousaku SOUMA  Hirofumi KUDO  Yukari TAKASAKI  Emi FUKUI  Reiko KITAZAWA  Rikihiro NISHIDA  Toshimitsu NIIDA  Teiji SUZUKI  Akio NIBE 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(4):580-586

Feeding sites for wild Yeso sika deer around Lake Akan, Japan, were established. Effects on the number of deer using the feeding sites, the prevention of bark stripping damage, the amount of feeding, and eating time in a 5‐year period (1999–2003) were evaluated. The number of deer using feeding sites increased with years during the feeding period. The damaged tree ratio after the initiation of feeding markedly decreased compared with 16.5% before the initiation of feeding. After the start of feeding, there were no trees with damage the entire circumference. According to tree species, the number of damaged trees of Ulmus laciniata Mayr as a percentage of all investigated trees was high (5.2%). The total amount of beet pulp feeding increased with the feeding year, showing 4.5‐fold increase. At feeding sites in deer culling, eating behavior was observed during the night. The preventive effects on bark stripping damage continued during the 5‐year feeding period. However, with the course of feeding years, the number of deer using feeding sites and the level of feeding increased.  相似文献   

The effect of temperature on survival of pathogenic bacteria in biogas plants     

Masahiro IWASAKI  Takaki YAMASHIRO  Nilmini BENERAGAMA  Takehiro NISHIDA  Katsuya KIDA  Ikko IHARA  June‐ichi TAKAHASHI  Kazutaka UMETSU 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):707-712

The paper deals with the hygienic advantages of sanitation to treat dairy manure in full‐scale biogas plants. The slurry samples were collected from two thermophilic biogas plants (55°C) and two mesophilic biogas plants (38°C) in Hokkaido Japan. A detectable number of Coli‐aerogenes group and Enterococcus in the slurries after anaerobic digestion (AD) could not be found in either thermophilic biogas plants. However, in both mesophilic biogas plants the viable numbers of Coli‐aerogenes group and Enterococcus were detected in the slurries even after anaerobic digestion. The mean decimation reduction time (T₉₀) values of the Coli‐aerogenes group and Enterococcus in the slurries during mesophilic digestion were 13.3 days and 16.7 days, respectively.  相似文献   

Isolation and Sequence of a Gene, celD Xo Involved in Cellobiose Utilization in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae     

Seiji TSUGE  Mami NISHIDA  Ayako FURUTANI  Yasuyuki KUBO  Osamu HORINO 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2001,67(3):215-223

A genomic library of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (X. o. pv. oryzae) T7174 was screened for 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-glucoside-hydrolyzing (MUGase) activity. In subcloning of one of the MUGase-positive clones, an approximately 4.2-kb SacI-SphI fragment conferred not only MUGase activity but also 4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-cellobioside-hydrolyzing (MUCase) activity. Sequence analysis showed that the fragment contained an ORF of 2951 bp. The conceptual ORF product was significantly homologous with 1,4-β-D-glucan glucohydrolase D (CELD) from Pseudomonas fluorescens subsp. cellulosa, and was named CELD_Xo. Cell fractionation experiments suggested that CELD_Xo is localized in the cell-envelope fraction. We constructed a CELD_Xo-deficient mutant (74ΔCELD) from X. o. pv. oryzae. Little MUCase activity was detected in the cell-envelope fraction prepared from the mutant. The mutant 74ΔCELD did not grow in synthetic medium containing cellobiose as the sole sugar source. On the other hand, growth in rice leaves and pathogenicity of the mutant and the parental strain did not differ. These results suggested that CELD_Xo is involved in cellobiose utilization of X. o. pv. oryzae but that the gene is not required for bacterial growth in rice leaves. Received 16 February 2001/ Accepted in revised form 11 April 2001  相似文献   

Potential of anaerobic digestate of dairy manure in suppressing soil‐borne plant disease          下载免费PDF全文

Zhifei Pan  Guangdou Qi  Fetra J. Andriamanohiarisoamanana  Takaki Yamashiro  Masahiro Iwasaki  Takehiro Nishida  Suchon Tangtaweewipat  Kazutaka Umetsu 《Animal Science Journal》2018,89(10):1512-1518

Frequent use of pesticides to control soil‐borne plant disease leads to environmental pollution and the development of pesticide resistance in phytopathogens. Soil amendment is considered to have the potential of suppressing plant disease because of its biological properties. However, information on anaerobic digestate is limited. In this study, potential of antagonistic activities of anaerobic digestate against phytopathogens were investigated by detecting the amounts of antagonistic bacteria (Bacillus and Pseudomonas) in anaerobic digestates of dairy manure. The results showed that anaerobic digestion increased the total amounts of Bacillus and Pseudomonas in digestate. Bacillus suppressed growth of phytopathogens, while Pseudomonas did not show any antagonistic activities. These results indicated that Bacillus was an effective antagonistic bacterium in digestate against phytopathogens. Furthermore, two selected isolates, B11 (Bacillus subtilis) and B59 (Bacillus licheniformis), were applied in field experiments and showed significant reduction in percent infection of potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans). These results demonstrate the benefits of digestate in suppressing soil‐borne plant diseases caused by antagonistic bacteria.  相似文献   

Arabidopsis thaliana PRL1 is involved in low-calcium tolerance     

Yusuke Shikanai  Mutsumi Yamagami  Shuji Shigenobu  Katsushi Yamaguchi  Takehiro Kamiya 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(6):951-956

Calcium (Ca) deficiency symptoms in plants often occur in agriculture; however, little is known about the mechanisms for adaptation to low-Ca conditions. To understand the mechanisms, we screened for Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh mutants sensitive to low Ca. Here, we describe one of the mutants, lcs1-1, isolated from the screen. The relative shoot growth of the mutant was reduced under the low-Ca conditions compared with the wild-type plants. Genetic mapping and genome resequencing revealed that lcs1-1 has one nonsynonymous mutation in the region of the chromosome responsible for the phenotype. The mutation is in Pleiotropic Regulatory Locus 1 (PRL1). An allelism test between lcs1-1 and a T-DNA inserted allele of prl1 demonstrates that the causal gene of lcs1-1 is PRL1. It has been reported that PRL1 is involved in sugar metabolism; however, the involvement of PRL1 in low-Ca tolerance has not been reported. Our results suggest a new insight connecting sugar metabolism with a mechanism for low-Ca tolerance in plants.  相似文献   

Effects of deep placement of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on soybean growth and yield under sulfur deficiency     

Minori Miyatake  Takuji Ohyama  Tadashi Yokoyama  Soh Sugihara  Takashi Motobayashi  Takehiro Kamiya 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(3):259-266

Sulfur (S) and Nitrogen (N) metabolisms in plants are interacted and it is known that S deficiency decrease N absorption and metabolism. In leguminous plants S deficiency also decreases N₂ fixation by rhizobia in the nodules. Deep placement of a controlled-release N fertilizer is a good method to provide nitrogen to soybean without inhibiting N₂ fixation; thus, it was hypothesized that this method is able to provide nitrogen effectively to sulfur-deficient soybean plants. In this study effects of deep placement of coated urea on S-N physicological interaction, growth and productivity in soybean plants were examined using pot experiments. Soybean plants were grown with sulfate concentrations of 30, 100, or 1000 μM, with or without deep placement of coated urea. Shoot weights at the developing stage were not affected by S deficiency. SPAD values of leaves during the flowering stage decreased with S deficiency and increased with the deep placement of coated urea. S deficiency decreased seed weight per plant at the harvesting stage, but this decrease was attenuated by the deep placement of coated urea. N and S content in shoots at the developing stage increased with the deep placement of coated urea, whereas in seeds, only the N content increased. N₂ fixation activity based on the relative ureide-N content in xylem sap indicated that the deep placement of coated urea did not inhibit N₂ fixation activity at the early flowering stage. Without deep placement of coated urea, the relative ureide-N content decreased under S deficiency at the seed filling stage. These results suggest that the deep placement of coated urea is an efficient method to supply N to support soybean yield under S deficiency.

Abbreviations: Deep+: with deep placement of coated urea; Deep–: without deep placement of coated urea  相似文献   

Condensation reactions of phenolic resins IV: self-condensation of 2,4-dihydroxymethylphenol and 2,4,6-trihydroxymethylphenol (2)     

Naruyuki?KamoEmail author  Mitsuo?Higuchi  Takehiro?Yoshimatsu  Mitsuhiro?Morita 《Journal of Wood Science》2004,50(1):68-76

Kinetics of the self-condensation of 2,4-dihydroxymethylphenol (2,4-DHMP) and 2,4,6-trihydroxymethylphenol (THMP) were investigated to elucidate the mechanisms of the condensation of hydroxymethylphenols (HMPs). Rate equations were derived on the assumptions of the formation of quinone methide intermediates as unimolecular reactions and the occurrence of bimolecular reactions between undissociated HMPs, between undissociated HMP and dissociated HMP, and between dissociated HMPs. Rate constants were determined numerically by comparing the calculated reaction rates with observed ones. The results of analyses are as follows: (1) Both unimolecular and bimolecular reactions occur as the rate-determining steps during the self-condensation of 2,4-DHMP and THMP with low concentrations. (2) Nothing but bimolecular reactions occur as the rate-determining steps during the self-condensation of THMP with high concentrations. (3) Differences in the activation energy and the reaction rate due to the unimolecular process between 2,4-DHMP and THMP are small. (4) Rates of bimolecular reactions of THMP are about five times as large as those of 2,4-DHMP. (5) The values of the rate constants and the activation energy for the bimolecular reactions of THMP of low concentrations differ from those of THMP of high concentrations, indicating the difference in reaction mechanisms.  相似文献