Growth and metabolic responses of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed different levels of protein and lipid     

L.C. DE ALMEIDA  I.M. AVILEZ  C.A. HONORATO  T.S.F. HORI  G. MORAES 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e253-e262

Growth and metabolism were investigated in juvenile tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fed with isoenergetic diets in four treatments with protein (P) lipid (L) in g kg^?1: P350L49; P301L81; P253L113 and P205L145, respectively. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory facilities. Fish growth, the intermediary metabolites (total sugar, lactate, pyruvate, ammonia, protein, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, amino acids and glycogen), and the enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were assayed. Fish from treatments P350L49 and P301L81 depicted the best growth. Increase in glycolytic, glycogenolytic and lipolytic activities in liver was observed following dietary lipid increase. In fish fed with high lipid levels, the energetic demand was supplied by enhancement of muscular glycogenesis and lipolysis. The plasma metabolic profile reflected the blood function on metabolites delivery to tissues underlining biochemical adaptations because of changes in the feeding. In conclusion, the increase in dietary lipid plus protein decrease resulted in (i) reduction in fish growth, (ii) augment of liver glycolysis and glycogenolysis (iii) increase in muscular glycogenesis and (iv) predominance of lipolytic metabolism.  相似文献   

Effect of masking organoleptic properties of fat on diet self‐selection by the sparid Diplodus puntazzo     

P.F. ALMAIDA‐PAGÁN  M.D. HERNÁNDEZ  J.A. MADRID  J. DE COSTA  P. MENDIOLA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(2):e48-e55

Fish are able to select a balanced diet according to their nutritional needs by choosing among incomplete feeds or even pure macronutrients. However, the relevance of both the organoleptic properties of diet and the postingestive signals that they produce remains unclear. Thus, sharpsnout seabream were allowed to select between diets containing different edible oils with their organoleptic properties masked by using gelatine capsules. Fish were fed capsules of two different colours so that they could associate the capsule colour with its corresponding postingestive effect. The longitudinal experiment included a first phase during which the fish were adapted to consuming the gelatine capsules. In a second phase, the fish were challenged with two different encapsulated diets: one comprising a complete diet containing fish oil and the other a fat‐free diet. Sharpsnout seabream showed a preference for the fish oil capsules (3.8 ± 1.1 g kg^?1 body weight (BW), 66.8% of total intake) over the fat‐free capsules, showing that they were able to associate the colour of the capsule with their nutritional content through postingestive signals. After that, the fish were challenged to select between the capsules containing the fish oil diet and capsules containing a vegetable oil (linseed or soybean), in which case they showed no preference between diets (2.4 ± 0.3: 2.1 ± 0.5 g kg^?1 BW of fish oil versus linseed oil capsules and 2.2 ± 0.2: 1.8 ± 0.6 g kg^?1 BW of fish oil versus soybean oil capsules), indicating that the fatty acid composition of the different oils was not sufficient to affect dietary selection through postingestive signals. So, in conclusion, when orosensorial information from food is absent, the fish are able to select between diets at a macronutrient level by using postingestive information. However, this information is not sufficient for distinguishing between diets that differ in the type of oil used.  相似文献   

内蒙古生态农牧业生产经营存在问题及对策分析     

特格希  曲蕾 《畜牧兽医杂志》2024,43(3):49-50

内蒙古自治区是我国北方重要的生态安全屏障,持续加强生态农牧业转型升级,大力推进“三北”等重点生态工程建设是我区畜牧业面临的重要问题。本文主要阐述了内蒙古生态农牧业发展现状及存在问题,并提出了相关对策建议。  相似文献   

Effects of Soluble Silicate and Nanosilica Application on Rice Nutrition in an Oxisol     

Rita de Cassia F&#;LIX ALVAREZ  Renato de Mello PRADO  Guilherme FELISBERTO  Ang&#;lica Cristina FERNANDES DEUS  Raimundo Leonardo LIMA DE OLIVEIRA 《土壤圈》2018,28(4):597-606

Silicon(Si) has been supplied to plants via application of calcium silicate to soil; however, high doses of calcium silicate are required because of its low solubility. Nanoparticles can reduce Si doses and be applied to seeding furrows. This study investigated the effects of liquid Si sources, i.e., highly soluble silicate(115.2 g L~(-1) Si and 60.5 g L~(-1) Na_2O) and nanosilica( 200 nm), on Si uptake by rice plants, plant lignification, plant C:N:P stoichiometry, plant physiology, and grain yield using an Oxisol under greanhouse condistions. The treatments included the application of nanosilica and soluble silicate to seeding furrows at Si doses of 0, 605, 1 210,and 2 420 g ha~(-1). Plant uptake and treatment effects were evaluated by measuring C and lignin contents, Si, N, and P accumulation,physiological characteristics, and grain yield of rice. The deposition of silica bodies and amorphous silica in the flag leaves was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Application of liquid Si increased Si accumulation in rice by 47.3% in relation to the control(0 g ha~(-1) Si), regardless of the Si sources used. Nanosilica application increased leaf lignin content by 112.7% when compared to that in the control. Silicon moderately affected the net C assimilation(increased by 1.83%) and transpiration rates(increased by 48.3%);however, Si influenced neither plant growth nor grain yield of rice. These results are explained by the lack of biotic or abiotic stress in rice plants during the experiment. To the best of our knowledge, in Brazilian agriculture, this is the first report on the use of nanosilica as a Si fertilizer and its effect on plant nutrition. This study provides evidence that rice plants absorb and accumulate nanoparticles;however, further studies are required to investigate the use of nanoparticles in other plant species.  相似文献   

山苍子精油对辣椒疫霉生长发育的影响及对辣椒疫病的防效     

王轶楠  赵特  高飞  段鹏飞  刘向阳  周琳 《植物保护学报》2018,45(5):1112-1120

为明确山苍子精油防治植物疫病的应用前景,在室内离体条件下测定其对辣椒疫霉Phytophthora capsici菌丝生长、孢子囊形成与萌发、游动孢子萌发的毒力,观测经山苍子精油处理后菌丝生长量及形态结构、细胞膜通透性和可溶性蛋白含量的变化;采用离体叶片法和灌根法分别测定山苍子精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果和治疗效果。结果表明,山苍子精油对辣椒疫霉的菌丝生长、孢子囊形成与萌发以及游动孢子萌发的有效中浓度EC_(50)分别为161.49、29.68、231.80、90.68 mg/L;EC_(50)和EC_(75)的山苍子精油处理显著降低了辣椒疫霉菌丝的鲜重和干重,抑制率均在49.71%以上,亦可显著降低菌丝中可溶性蛋白含量,抑制率分别为10.77%和18.47%;用山苍子精油处理菌丝后,其顶端生长受到抑制,分枝明显增多、间距缩短;细胞膜通透性增大。1 000 mg/L山苍子精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果达63.33%(离体叶片法),2 000 mg/L精油对辣椒疫病的预防效果和治疗效果分别达80.00%和68.00%(灌根法,7 d),均显著高于对照药剂嘧菌酯。表明山苍子精油是辣椒疫霉的有效抑制剂,在辣椒疫病综合治理中具有较大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

肉桂精油对辣椒疫霉菌的生物活性          下载免费PDF全文

王海娇  王轶楠  高飞  段鹏飞  刘向阳  游秀峰  姚伦广  赵特  周琳 《中国生物防治学报》2018,34(3):461-468

为了研究肉桂精油对辣椒疫霉菌Phytophthora capsici的生物活性,离体条件下测定了肉桂精油对辣椒疫霉菌各个生长发育阶段的影响;观察了处理后供试菌菌丝形态结构的变化;测定了对菌丝体细胞膜通透性的影响;盆栽试验测定了药剂对辣椒疫病的防治效果。结果表明,肉桂精油对辣椒疫霉菌菌丝生长的有效中浓度（EC₅₀）为111.89 mg/L;对病菌孢子囊产生的EC₅₀为61.09 mg/L;对孢子囊萌发的EC₅₀为95.14 mg/L;对游动孢子萌发的EC₅₀为54.88 mg/L。肉桂精油可显著降低辣椒疫霉菌菌丝的鲜重和干重,并使菌丝分支增多、变短;亦能提高该菌的细胞膜通透性。盆栽试验表明,肉桂精油对辣椒疫病具有很好的保护和治疗作用。可见,肉桂精油对辣椒疫霉菌具有明显的抑制作用,在防治辣椒疫病上具有较大的应用潜力。  相似文献   

Contrasting patterns of variation in weedy traits and unique crop features in divergent populations of US weedy rice (Oryza sativa sp.) in Arkansas and California          下载免费PDF全文

Kimberly L Kanapeckas  Te‐Ming Tseng  Cynthia C Vigueira  Aida Ortiz  William C Bridges  Nilda R Burgos  Albert J Fischer  Amy Lawton‐Rauh 《Pest management science》2018,74(6):1404-1415

  相似文献   

嘧啶(氧)硫苯甲酸类除草剂研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张特  赵强  康正华  聂志勇 《植物保护》2018,44(2):22-28

嘧啶(氧)硫苯甲酸类除草剂是超高效除草剂类型之一,是新一代绿色、安全、高效、低残留农药,具有很高的推广价值。本文综述了嘧啶(氧)硫苯甲酸类除草剂的主要类型、作用机理、国内外应用现状,总结了目前的研究进展;对其引发的杂草抗药性问题进行阐述。可为嘧啶(氧)硫酸苯甲酸类除草剂的农业应用及科学研究提供借鉴。  相似文献   

室内三种富营养模拟条件下水流调控对羊栖菜和石莼生长及生物质合成的影响     

于琰  WERNBERG Thomas  DE BETTIGNIES Thibaut  潘耀茹  李超  林芳  周朝生  黄志行  吴嘉平  肖溪 《浙江农业学报》2018,30(8):1398

大型海藻养殖是一种低成本、高效、环保的水体富营养化生物修复方法,而水流则是影响大型海藻生长的一个重要因素。研究结果表明,水流交换率为200 vol·d^-1时,羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)比生长率最高达(4.34±0.11) %·d^-1,而水流交换率为100 vol·d^-1、中高浓度营养盐条件下石莼(Ulva pertusa)比生长率最大值分别可达(6.31±1.42) %·d^-1、(8.00±0.79) %·d^-1,营养盐浓度决定了两种大型海藻的生长率,石莼更适宜在高营养盐环境中生长。石莼体内叶绿素a、可溶性蛋白和可溶性碳水化合物在不同应用情境间均存在明显差异,而羊栖菜体内仅可溶性蛋白表现出明显变化。水流交换的增强明显改变了石莼的生长和羊栖菜可溶性碳水化合物含量。陆基中试实验表明,与低水流速度相比,中、高流速条件下羊栖菜的比生长率分别增加80%、14%,石莼则分别增加41.3%、33.3%。  相似文献   

嗜热链球菌产酸特性及其发酵乳中有机酸组分分析     

陈红霞  德亮亮  任艳  张冬蕾  杨彦荣  刘文俊  张和平 《乳业科学与技术》2015,38(2):1-5

选取实验室分离自自然发酵乳制品中的5株嗜热链球菌菌株为研究对象,进行单菌株发酵酸乳,在发酵期间和酸乳4℃贮藏504 h阶段,分别测定菌株发酵时间、滴定酸度、pH值、活菌数以及采用反相高效液相色谱法测定有机酸含量变化,研究嗜热链球菌发酵产酸特性及其酸乳贮藏期间后酸化及其有机酸组分的变化特性。结果表明：在42℃发酵期间,5株菌在发酵2h后pH值迅速下降,达到发酵终点时间在5～9h,发酵时间最短的是菌株IMAU10632和IMAU20772。在4℃贮藏504h期间,5株菌的pH值下降幅度在0.5左右,最终pH值稳定在4.2左右,产酸速度均较缓慢,均表现出嗜热链球菌后酸化能力弱的特点,且酸度值均在90oT以下。初步筛选出一株菌株IMAU10632,凝乳时间短、产酸速率快、后酸化能力较弱,在4℃贮藏期间活菌数维持在108CFU/mL以上。  相似文献