International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND) progress to date and future plans     

Charlotte M. Keenan  Julia F. Baker  Alys E. Bradley  Dawn G. Goodman  Takanori Harada  Ronald Herbert  Wolfgang Kaufmann  Rupert Kellner  Beth Mahler  Emily Meseck  Thomas Nolte  Susanne Rittinghausen  John Vahle  Katsuhiko Yoshizawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(1):51-53

The INHAND Proposal (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) has been operational since 2005. A Global Editorial Steering Committee (GESC) manages the overall objectives of the project and the development of harmonized terminology for each organ system is the responsibility of the Organ Working Groups (OWG), drawing upon experts from North America, Europe and Japan.Great progress has been made with 9 systems published to date – Respiratory, Hepatobiliary, Urinary, Central/Peripheral Nervous Systems, Male Reproductive and Mammary, Zymbals, Clitoral and Preputial Glands in Toxicologic Pathology and the Integument and Soft Tissue and Female Reproductive System in the Journal of Toxicologic Pathology as supplements and on a web site – www.goreni.org. INHAND nomenclature guides offer diagnostic criteria and guidelines for recording lesions observed in rodent toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. The guides provide representative photo-micrographs of morphologic changes, information regarding pathogenesis, and key references. During 2012, INHAND GESC representatives attended meetings with representatives of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Enterprise Vocabulary Services (EVS) to begin incorporation of INHAND terminology as preferred terminology for SEND (Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data) submissions to the FDA. The interest in utilizing the INHAND nomenclature, based on input from industry and government toxicologists as well as information technology specialists, suggests that there will be wide acceptance of this nomenclature. The purpose of this publication is to provide an update on the progress of INHAND.  相似文献   

Longitudinal data collection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies Paratuberculosis infections in dairy herds: the value of precise field data     

Ynte H Schukken  Robert H Whitlock  Dave Wolfgang  Yrjo Grohn  Annabelle Beaver  JoAnn VanKessel  Mike Zurakowski  Rebecca Mitchell 《Veterinary research》2015,46(1)

Longitudinal infection data on Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) was collected on three dairy farms in Northeastern United States during approximately 10 years. Precise data on animal characteristics and animal location within farm were collected on these farms. Cows were followed over time with regard to MAP status during biannual fecal and serum sampling and quarterly serum sampling. Approximately 13 000 serum samples, 6500 fecal samples and 2000 tissue samples were collected during these years. Prevalence of positive samples was 1.4% for serological samples, 2.2% in fecal samples and 16.7% in tissue samples. Infection dynamics of MAP was studied and resulted in a number of potential changes in our understanding of MAP infection dynamics. First, a high prevalence of MAP infection was observed in these herds due to lifetime follow up of cows, including slaughter. Second, two distinctly different infection patterns were observed, so called non-progressors and progressors. Non-progressors were characterized by intermittent and low shedding of MAP bacteria and a virtual absence of a humoral immune response. Progressors were characterized by continuous and progressive shedding and a clearly detectable and progressive humoral immune response. Strain typing of MAP isolates on the three farms identified on two of three farms a dominant strain type, indicating that some strains are more successful in terms of transmission and infection progression. Continuous high quality longitudinal data collection turned out to be an essential tool in our understanding of pathobiology and epidemiology of MAP infections in dairy herds.  相似文献   

Use of activity monitors for assessment of pruritus in an acute model of canine atopic dermatitis     

Rachel Schwab‐Richards  Christine Prost  Jean Steffan  Wolfgang Seewald  Chiara Nenci  Petra Roosje 《Veterinary dermatology》2014,25(5):441-e69

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Escherichia coli challenge and one type of smectite alter intestinal barrier of pigs     

Juliana Abranches Soares Almeida  Yanhong Liu  Minho Song  Jeong Jae Lee  H Rex Gaskins  Carol Wolfgang Maddox  Orlando Osuna  James Eugene Pettigrew 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2014,(2):173-180

An experiment was conducted to determine how an E. coil challenge and dietary clays affect the intestinal barrier of pigs. Two groups of 32 pigs （initial BW： 6.9 ± 1.0 kg） were distributed in a 2 x 4 factorial arrangement of a randomized complete block design （2 challenge treatments： sham or E. coil, and 4 dietary treatments： control, 0.3% smectite A, 0.3% smectite B and 0.3% zeolite）, with 8 replicates total. Diarrhea score, growth performance, goblet cell size and number, bacterial translocation from intestinal lumen to lymph nodes, intestinal morphology, and relative amounts of sulfo and sialo mucins were measured. The E. coli challenge reduced performance, increased goblet cell size and number in the ileum, increased bacterial translocation from the intestinal lumen to the lymph nodes, and increased ileal crypt depth. One of the clays （smectite A） tended to increase goblet cell size in ileum, which may indicate enhanced protection. In conclusion, E. coli infection degrades intestinal barrier integrity but smectite A may enhance it.  相似文献   

Non-exchangeable stable hydrogen isotope ratios in clay minerals and soil clay fractions: A method test     

Stefan Merseburger  Arnim Kessler  Yvonne Oelmann  Wolfgang Wilcke 《European Journal of Soil Science》2022,73(4):e13289

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Short-term competition between crop plants and soil microbes for inorganic N fertilizer     

Erich Inselsbacher  Nina Hinko-Najera Umana  Markus Gorfer  Katrin Ripka  Rebecca Hood-Novotny  Wolfgang Wanek 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(2):360-372

Agricultural systems that receive high amounts of inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizer in the form of either ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻) or a combination thereof are expected to differ in soil N transformation rates and fates of NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻. Using ¹⁵N tracer techniques this study examines how crop plants and soil microbes vary in their ability to take up and compete for fertilizer N on a short time scale (hours to days). Single plants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Morex) were grown on two agricultural soils in microcosms which received either NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻ or NH₄NO₃. Within each fertilizer treatment traces of ¹⁵NH₄⁺ and ¹⁵NO₃⁻ were added separately. During 8 days of fertilization the fate of fertilizer ¹⁵N into plants, microbial biomass and inorganic soil N pools as well as changes in gross N transformation rates were investigated. One week after fertilization 45-80% of initially applied ¹⁵N was recovered in crop plants compared to only 1-10% in soil microbes, proving that plants were the strongest competitors for fertilizer N. In terms of N uptake soil microbes out-competed plants only during the first 4 h of N application independent of soil and fertilizer N form. Within one day microbial N uptake declined substantially, probably due to carbon limitation. In both soils, plants and soil microbes took up more NO₃⁻ than NH₄⁺ independent of initially applied N form. Surprisingly, no inhibitory effect of NH₄⁺ on the uptake and assimilation of nitrate in both, plants and microbes, was observed, probably because fast nitrification rates led to a swift depletion of the ammonium pool. Compared to plant and microbial NH₄⁺ uptake rates, gross nitrification rates were 3-75-fold higher, indicating that nitrifiers were the strongest competitors for NH₄⁺ in both soils. The rapid conversion of NH₄⁺ to NO₃⁻ and preferential use of NO₃⁻ by soil microbes suggest that in agricultural systems with high inorganic N fertilizer inputs the soil microbial community could adapt to high concentrations of NO₃⁻ and shift towards enhanced reliance on NO₃⁻ for their N supply.  相似文献   

Langjähriger witterungseinfluss auf das grünland in zwei verschiedenen landschaftsgebieten     

Wolfgang Leipnitz  Horst Käding  Gisbert Schalitz 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):283-289

Langjährige Beobachtungen der Witterungsfaktoren Temperatur und Niederschlag auf Ertrag und Pflanzenbestand von zwei Dauergrünlandstandorten verschiedener Klimagebiete wurden ausgewertet. Anlaß war das Phänomen, daß im Erzgebirge der Ertrag trotz hoher Stickstoffdungung nach dem 3. Versuchsjahr sukzessive abfiel und nach dem 12. Jahr wieder anstieg. Als Vergleich bot sich nahezu gleich bewirtschaftetes Grünland im Havelländischen Luch an.

Die Ursache fur die Ertragsdepression wurde zunächst in einer Umschichtung der Pflanzenbestände vermutet. Schließlich wurde ein Zusammenhang zwischen Witterung und Ertrag am Beispiel der Abweichungen von den Mittelwerten gefunden.  相似文献   

Der Einfluß einer Granulierung von Ureaform auf Ertrag und Stickstoffaufnahme bei einigen Pflanzen     

Georg Müller  Wolfgang Heisig 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(7):629-634

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抑制素免疫山羊卵巢对外源性促性腺激素的反应   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王杏龙  Wolfgang Holtz 《中国畜牧杂志》2003,39(1):3-4

用重组绵羊抑制素α亚单位在不发情季节主动免疫 4 0只波尔山羊。免疫前和免疫后用马的绒毛膜促性腺激素 (eCG)或猪的卵泡刺激素 (pFSH)处理。排卵通过超声波检测 ,胚胎用非手术法回收。试验结果表明 ,抑制素主动免疫能引起山羊超数排卵。  相似文献   

APPEARANCE OF THE SACROILIAC JOINT IN VENTRODORSAL RADIOGRAPHS OF THE NORMAL CANINE PELVIS     

Iris  Knaus  Dr Med Vet  Sabine  Breit  Dr Med Vet  Wolfgang  Kunzel  Univ Prof Dr Med Vet 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2003,44(2):148-154

Radiology of the canine sacroiliac (SI) joint was investigated by obtaining ventrodorsal radiographs of cadaveric pelves and bone specimens (n = 40) marked with solder wire or radiopaque paint to demonstrate the orientation of the sacroiliac joint in various radiographic views. In the following retrospective radiographic study (n = 94 survey sacroiliac joint radiographs), central projections of the sacrum were noted to ease identification of the dorsal, middle and ventral joint components, whereas angled projections of the sacrum had advantages when assessing the cranial joint components. Radiographic assessment was already successful in juvenile dogs older than 5 months. Failure in tracing the outlines of the joint space of the sacroiliac joints is not consistent with alteration of the SI joint. Rather, it was felt that alterations would have assisted in identifying the contours of the SI joints because of an increase in mineralization.  相似文献