Anti-anxiety effect of ovary lipid extracted from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in rats     

Ookawa K  Mochizuki K  Shida E  Suzuki T  Suzuki T  Ooba T  Matumoto T  Hokari Y  Hashidume M  Yokogoshi H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(6):633-636

Using an elevated plus-maze test, we evaluated anxiety level in rats given ovary lipid extracted from Skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis; OLS). The percentage of open time was significantly higher in rats given OLS than in rats in the control group, but lower than in rats given diazepam (1.0 mg/kg body weight). Based on this fact and findings about other indicators, this study showed that OLS does not have as fast-acting and strong an anti-anxiety effect as diazepam but that continuous ingestion of OLS causes an anti-anxiety effect in animals.  相似文献   

Acrosome reaction of mouse epididymal sperm on oocyte zona pellucida     

Yamashita M  Yamagata K  Tsumura K  Nakanishi T  Baba T 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(2):255-262

To improve assessment of the acrosome reaction of mouse epididymal sperm, we employed anti-Izumo1 antibody instead of antibodies against acrosomal proteins. The acrosomal states among acrosome-intact, spontaneously acrosome-reacted, truly acrosome-reacted, and probably dead and/or membrane-damaged sperm were clearly distinguished by combined application of anti-Izumo1 antibody, DNA dye Hoechst 33342, and monoclonal antibody MN7 to paraformaldehyde-fixed sperm. When the acrosome reaction of capacitated epididymal sperm on the oocyte zona pellucida was examined using anti-Izumo1 antibody, approximately 20% of sperm bound onto the zona pellucida were acrosome-reacted 30 min after insemination. We also observed the moment of the acrosome reaction of live sperm on the zona pellucida by time-lapse monitoring using fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated anti-Izumo1 antibody.  相似文献   

Screening for ketosis using multiple logistic regression based on milk yield and composition     

Mitsunori KAYANO  Tomoko KATAOKA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(11):1473-1478

Multiple logistic regression was applied to milk yield and composition data for 632 records of healthy cows and 61 records of ketotic cows in Hokkaido, Japan. The purpose was to diagnose ketosis based on milk yield and composition, simultaneously. The cows were divided into two groups: (1) multiparous, including 314 healthy cows and 45 ketotic cows and (2) primiparous, including 318 healthy cows and 16 ketotic cows, since nutritional status, milk yield and composition are affected by parity. Multiple logistic regression was applied to these groups separately. For multiparous cows, milk yield (kg/day/cow) and protein-to-fat (P/F) ratio in milk were significant factors (P<0.05) for the diagnosis of ketosis. For primiparous cows, lactose content (%), solid not fat (SNF) content (%) and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content (mg/dl) were significantly associated with ketosis (P<0.01). A diagnostic rule was constructed for each group of cows: (1) 9.978 × P/F ratio + 0.085 × milk yield <10 and (2) 2.327 × SNF − 2.703 × lactose + 0.225 × MUN <10. The sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) of the diagnostic rules were (1) 0.800, 0.729 and 0.811; (2) 0.813, 0.730 and 0.787, respectively. The P/F ratio, which is a widely used measure of ketosis, provided the sensitivity, specificity and AUC values of (1) 0.711, 0.726 and 0.781; and (2) 0.678, 0.767 and 0.738, respectively.  相似文献   

In vivo immunomodulatory effects of dietary purple sweet potato after immunization in chicken     

Hamza HANIEH  Chaogetu GERILE  Kiyoaki NARABARA  Zhigang GU  Asaki ABE  Yasuhiro KONDO 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(1):116-121

This study was intended to determine the modulatory effects of dietary supplementation of purple sweet potato ( Ipomoea batats Poir., PSP) on the immune response of chickens. PSP was included in a basal starter diet by 1% (PSP^L) or 3% (PSP^H) and continually fed. Newcastle disease (NDV) vaccine, Brucella abortus (BA) and sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were used for chicken immunization. Antibody titers against these antigens were used to estimate humoral immunity. Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced proliferations of splenocytes, thymocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), ratios of CD4- and CD8-single positive and CD4-CD8-double negative (DN) cells in splenocytes, were both used to indicate cellular immunity. Relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa and white blood cell (WBC) counts were studied. PSP^H increased anti-NDV ( P  < 0.05), anti-BA ( P  < 0.01) and anti-SRBC titers ( P  < 0.05) in response to secondary immunization, whereas PSP^L increased titers of anti-BA ( P  < 0.05) and anti-SRBC ( P  < 0.01). Proliferations of splenocytes and thymocytes were augmented with PSP^L ( P  < 0.05). PSP^H-treated chickens had lower ( P  < 0.05) ratios of CD4-sigle positive lymphocytes. Proliferation of PBL, weights of lymphoid organs and WBC counts were not affected. These results suggest that dietary PSP supplementation could enhance the immune response after immunization in chickens.  相似文献   

Effects of dietary microalgal species and hormone treatment on the lorica size and reproductivity of heavy-ion beam irradiated rotifers     

Kim  Hee-Jin  Nakamura  Kaichi  Sakakura  Yoshitaka  Suga  Koushirou  Tsuneizumi  Kazuhide  Abe  Tomoko  Yamada  Mieko  Kawada  Miki  Katayama  Takashi  Tezuka  Nobuhiro  Kobayashi  Takanori  Koiso  Masahiko  Hagiwara  Atsushi 《Fisheries Science》2023,89(1):61-69

In aquatic seeding production, the feeding regime of fish larvae consists of rotifers to Artemia, while there is a lack of intermediate-sized feed in the range of 350–600 µm. To solve this problem, in our previous study, the euryhaline rotifer Brachionus plicatilis (L-type, Notojima strain) were irradiated with carbon heavy-ion-beams, and large-sized rotifer mutant lines (>?350 µm lorica length) were established. This study aimed to enhance the mutated morphometric characteristics and reproductivity through the combined use of three microalgal species (Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis tetrathele, and Chlorella vulgaris), and two hormones [juvenile hormone (JH) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)]. The combination of T. tetrathele and JH was effective in enhancing the mutated phenotype, and the largest lorica length of 344–425 µm was observed with no significant differences in population growth between the wild-type and mutant strains. The combination of N. oculata and GABA enhanced the population growth of the mutant line, and its growth rate was 2.4 times higher than that of the control group (without GABA). This study indicates that the morphometric characteristics and reproductivity of rotifer mutant lines could be regulated by feed and hormone supplementation. These findings can promote the efficient use of mutant rotifer lines in aquaculture facilities.

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Characterization of bacterial community composition in rotifer cultures under unexpected growth suppression     

Tomoko Sakami  Masahiko Koiso  Takuma Sugaya 《Fisheries Science》2014,80(4):757-765

Unexpected growth suppression is common in rotifer mass culturing, and bacteria present in culture tanks are believed to be one of the main causes. We used a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene finger-printing method to determine the bacterial community composition in water and that in association with rotifers present in tanks when rotifer growth was suppressed. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes representing Nautella sp. and Marinomonas sp. were identified as dominant in control tanks with good rotifer growth. In contrast, the bacterial community composition was more diverse at start-up in tanks where rotifer growth was suppressed. The community composition changed during rotifer cultivation, and bacterial sequences representative of Ruegeria sp. and Hyphomonas sp. were dominant when rotifer growth recovered. These findings indicate that the bacterial community composition varied according to the rotifer growth conditions and suggest that the initial microbial flora present in the culture water may cause rotifer growth suppression.  相似文献   

Phylogeography based on the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region of native Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae) populations in Japan     

Hiroshi Hayakawa  Maiko Akasaka  Yoshiko Shimono  Shunji Kurokawa  Tomoko Nishida  Hiroaki Ikeda  Toru Wakamatsu 《Weed Biology and Management》2014,14(4):251-261

Nucleotide sequence variations were investigated with respect to the geographical distribution patterns of Miscanthus sinensis populations that were sampled from 26 Japanese national parks and three populations of the Ryukyu Islands. Twelve homozygous sequences in the nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region were detected. The populations of M. sinensis in mainland Japan mainly were composed of a monophyletic group with a symapomorphic character, whereas those in the Ryukyu Islands included a polyphyletic group. Only an internal transcribed spacer haplotype with a plesiomorphic character was found in both mainland Japan and the Ryukyu Islands. Thus, no clear geographical isolation was observed in this species. These facts might be caused by the ability of M. sinensis as a pioneer plant to have a high migration potential and high gene flow by outcrossing. On the basis of the results of this study (nuclear ribosomal DNA) and the previous study (chloroplast DNA), a phylogeographical history of M. sinensis was presumed where the ancestral and derived lineages were distributed in the southern and northern regions of Japan, respectively, without strict geographical isolation.  相似文献   

Evaluation of immunochromatographic test of Shiga toxin 2e in enrichment cultures of swine edema disease clinical samples     

Hideyuki ARIMITSU  Tomoko KOHDA  Masafumi MUKAMOTO  Masahiro KUSUMOTO 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1913

To simplify the diagnosis of swine edema disease, overnight culture supernatants of swine clinical samples were assayed using immunochromatographic test strips we developed previously. Small-intestinal contents, mesenteric lymph nodes, and fecal samples were cultured in casamino acid-yeast extract broth overnight, after which supernatants were loaded onto immunochromatographic test strips to determine whether they could detect Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e). Among 23 clinical samples in which PCR-identified stx2e-positive E. coli were isolated, samples from seven of ten small-intestinal contents, one of three mesenteric lymph nodes and six of ten fecal samples showed Stx2e-positive reactions in the protein-based immunochromatographic test. Additionally, one small-intestinal content sample, in which stx2e-positive E. coli were not isolated, showed an Stx2e-positive reaction. Furthermore, the immunochromatographic test results of the samples were associated with the toxin concentration determined by sandwich ELISA and cytotoxicity assay results on Vero cells. The toxin concentration range of the samples with positive and negative reactions were 2.1–196.2 ng/ml and 0–12.8 ng/ml, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of this immunochromatographic test strip calculated from all clinical samples analyzed in this study were 60.9% and 94.4%, respectively. Our immunochromatographic test strip has strong potential for simple and accurate diagnosis for edema disease by detecting toxin expression, complementing the PCR method.  相似文献   

Effects of Mutant Thermostable α‐Amylases on Rheological Properties of Wheat Dough and Bread     

Tomoko Maeda  Tetsu Hashimoto  Masashi Minoda  Shin‐ichiro Tamagawa  Naofumi Morita 《Cereal Chemistry》2003,80(6):722-727

Thermostable mutant α‐amylases (21B, M111, and M77) with various degrees of thermostability were purified from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F and used as improvers for breadmaking. Test baking with the mutant enzymes was conducted using the long fermentation sponge‐dough method. Addition of an appropriate amount of mutant α‐amylases to the ingredients distinctly increased the specific volume of the bread and improved the softness of breadcrumb as compared with the addition of Novamyl (NM), an exo‐type α‐amylase. M77 was the most effective in retarding the staleness of breadcrumb. The softness of breadcrumb during storage, however, was not correlated with the thermostability. All mutant α‐amylases weakened the mixing property of the dough, whereas they strengthened the property of fermented dough. Especially, M77 and NM had different effects on the dough properties, but their bread qualities were similar to each other. The strong tolerance of M77 dough to the long baking process might be due to the production of hydrolyzed starches, oligosaccharides in the range of maltopentaose to maltohexaose, as compared with NM. Therefore, in the light of present findings, these mutant α‐amylases are possible substitutes for NM as bread improvers.  相似文献   

A preliminary experiment regarding the natural induction of gonadal development in female Japanese eels without hormone treatment     

Naomi Mikawa  Yoshiaki Yamada  Noriyuki Horie  Akihiro Okamura  Tomoko Utoh  Satoru Tanaka  Katsumi Tsukamoto 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(12):3749-3754

To test whether gonadal development of female eels could be promoted without any exogenous hormone treatments, we observed the effect of water temperature manipulation. After 3–5 months of water temperature treatments, three silver eels showed higher gonadosomatic indices (GSI). In particular, one eel in the 5–15°C fluctuating temperature treatment group (5°C daytime and 15°C night‐time) had the highest GSI of 8.5 with secondary yolk globule stage oocytes of large diameter (OD; 412 μm) after 3 months, which indicated definite gonadal development compared with those in the initial states (mean GSI, 2.4; OD, 226.7 μm). The 5–15°C fluctuating temperature and constant 5°C groups had low oocyte breakdown (atretic) rates. Because daily temperature fluctuations and cold daytime water are experienced by vertically migrating silver eels in the ocean, these temperature conditions may be key maturation process components that could be useful for hormone‐free artificial maturation.  相似文献