Artificial insemination with canine semen stored at a low temperature     

Tsutsui T  Tezuka T  Mikasa Y  Sugisawa H  Kirihara N  Hori T  Kawakami E 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2003,65(3):307-312

Cooled canine semen solutions for storage were investigated with three stock solutions: egg yolk-citrate-glycine-glucose solution, egg yolk Tris-fructose citrate solution (EYT-FC), and egg yolk sodium citrate dihydrate solution (EYCD). For the control group, the second fraction of semen was examined. Nine male beagles and 37 female (47 experimental cases) beagles for artificial insemination (AI) were used. The qualities of semen stored at 4 degrees C deteriorated earlier in the control and EYCD groups. In the other two groups, sperm motility was 60% or higher after storage for 6 days and 20% or higher after storage for 12 days. On a comparison of these two groups, the sperm motility and viability were slightly higher in the EYT-FC group. A high conception rate was obtained by AI using semen stored at a low temperature for a maximum of two days in the control group and four days in the EYT-FC group.  相似文献   

Effects of bovine lactoferrin by the intramammary infusion in cows with staphylococcal mastitis during the early non-lactating period     

Kai K  Komine Y  Komine K  Asai K  Kuroishi T  Kozutsumi T  Itagaki M  Ohta M  Kumagai K 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(10):873-878

To evaluate the clinical effects of bovine lactoferrin on staphylococcal mastitis in Holstein cows during the early non-lactating period, 41 mammary quarters were selected randomly from 36 cows on 3 dairy farms. Twelve quarters were infused intramammarily with bovine lactoferrin. Twenty-nine quarters were infused with antibiotic as a control. In the bovine lactoferrin-infused group, 91.7% of mastitic quarters were cured at 7 days after calving, compared with 48.3% in the control group. Furthermore, the changes in mammary secretion induced by the infusion of bovine lactoferrin were investigated. Mean numbers of staphylococci in mammary gland secretions were significantly decreased in both 5 bovine lactoferrin-infused quarters and 5 antibiotic-infused control quarters (p<0.05). Unlike in the control quarters, the mean total cell concentration in the mammary gland secretions increased in bovine lactoferrin-infused quarters. Similar results were obtained in 6 healthy quarters which were infused with bovine lactoferrin. In these quarters, the cell population contained mainly phagocytes such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cells positive for CD11b which is known as a complement receptor. The mean concentration of C3 in mammary gland secretions was significantly increased in 5 mastitic quarters infused with bovine lactoferrin (p<0.05), but showed no significant change in 5 mastitic control quarters. These results suggested that bovine lactoferrin treatment for staphylococcal mastitis in the early non-lactating period might increase the rate of cure through the induction of innate immunity in the host.  相似文献   

Ruminal distribution of the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes in relation to its phylogenetic grouping     

Satoshi KOIKE  Jun PAN  Tomoyuki SUZUKI  Toru TAKANO  Chihiro OSHIMA  Yasuo KOBAYASHI  Keiichi TANAKA 《Animal Science Journal》2004,75(5):417-422

To investigate the ecological importance of the cellulolytic bacterium Fibrobacter succinogenes in fiber digestion, ruminal distribution of F. succinogenes was determined in relation to its phylogenetic grouping. Rumen digesta from wethers and steers fed orchardgrass hay, rice straw or fresh orchardgrass were employed as the materials for the analyses. Orchardgrass hay stem incubated in the rumen was also used. By using total DNA extracted from these materials, population sizes of total F. succinogenes and of four different phylogenetic groups of this species were quantitated through competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of PCR products targeted the bacterial 16S rDNA. Rumen digesta and ruminally incubated hay stems had a reasonably high population size of F. succinogenes (×10^7?8/g) that was composed of strains belonging to the phylogenetic groups 1 and 3. The relative abundance of each group was different among the samples; group 1 dominated on the ruminally incubated hay stem and in the rumen of wethers fed fresh orchardgrass, while group 3 was major in the rumen of wethers and steers on hay diet. These results suggest that there could be phenotypic differences among the phylogenetic groups of F. succinogenes, and group 1 dominating on hay stem might contribute to rumen fiber digestion more than the other groups.  相似文献   

Effects of high ambient temperature and restricted feed intake on urinary and plasma 3-methylhistidine in lactating Holstein cows     

Mitsuru KAMIYA  Yuko KAMIYA  Masahito TANAKA  Tomoyuki OKI  Yoichi NISHIBA  Shigeru SHIOYA 《Animal Science Journal》2006,77(2):201-207

Three experiments were performed to examine the effects of high ambient temperature and feed restrictions on urinary 3‐methylhistidine (3MH) excretion and plasma 3MH concentrations as a marker of myofibrillar proteolysis in lactating Holstein cows. In a crossover design, four cows were maintained during two 14‐day treatment periods with ad libitum feed intake under constant moderate (18°C) or high (28°C) ambient temperature (Experiment 1), with ad libitum or 70% ad libitum feed intake under constant moderate temperature (Experiment 2), and with 70% ad libitum feed intake under constant moderate or high ambient temperature (Experiment 3). The total digestible nutrients intake was decreased (P < 0.01) under high ambient temperature (Experiment 1) or feed restriction (Experiment 2). Across experiments, urinary 3MH excretion during days 10–14 of each treatment period was not different among treatments. However, the plasma 3MH concentrations at day 14 of treatment were increased significantly under high ambient temperature with subsequent reduced feeding (P < 0.01) or moderate temperature with feed restriction (P < 0.05), and were increased slightly (P = 0.11) under high ambient temperature alone. These results show that the plasma marker of myofibrillar proteolysis in lactating dairy cows was increased at day 14 of treatments of high ambient temperature with subsequent reduced feeding, moderate temperature with feed restriction, or high ambient temperature alone.  相似文献   

Outdoor exposure tests of structural laminated veneer lumber (II): evaluation of the strength properties after nine years     

Tomoyuki Hayashi  Atsushi Miyatake  Feng Fu  Hideo Kato  Masahiko Karube  Masaki Harada 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(5):486-491

To investigate the durability of structural laminated veneer lumber (LVL), outdoor exposure tests have been conducted since 1990 at a field-testing site at the Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute. This article is the second interim report on the results after 9 years of exposure. Seven kinds of structural LVL with no preservative treatment were subjected to the tests. Almost all the exposed specimens were decayed by a kind of brown rot fungi (Pseudomerulius aureus (Fr.) Julich). The degree of decay varied with wood species; grand fir and western hemlock LVL in particular showed weak resistance against the decay. All the specimens were stored for more than 1 year in a testing room conditioned at 20°C and 65% relative humidity. We then measured the ultrasonic velocity of the specimens by the Pundit method, penetration depth by the Pilodyn method, and bending strength by a conventional bending test. Correlation between nondestructive measurement factors and the density was strong even on LVL with many adhesive layers. The nondestructive testing method was found to be applicable to LVL as well as solid lumber. After the nondestructive measurements, each LVL was cut into three types of specimen (top: T, middle: M, and bottom: B) for the bending tests. The bending strength varied with the type of specimens. Correlation between modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture was strong even in the decayed specimens.  相似文献   

Influence of wood wall panels on physiological and psychological responses     

Satoshi Sakuragawa  Yoshifumi Miyazaki  Tomoyuki Kaneko  Teruo Makita 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(2):136-140

The effect of visual stimulation from wood on the body was examined in a comparative study using full-sized hinoki wall panels and a white steel wall panel. Continuous blood pressure measurements were used as the physiological indicator. Sensory evaluation by the semantic differential (SD) method and the profile of mood states (POMS) test were performed to determine changes in psychological impression. Results showed that visual stimulation from hinoki wall panels had an emotional and natural impression upon humans. Blood pressure decreased significantly in subjects who liked them, and there was no significant increase in blood pressure in subjects who disliked them. Visual stimulation from the white steel wall panel made an unhealthy and closed impression and increased the sense of depression. In addition, there was stress and a significant increase in blood pressure in subjects who disliked them. Consequently, visual stimulation from hinoki and white steel wall panels had different physiological and psychological effects. Results also showed that the same visual stimulation induced different physiological responses depending on the values of the individuals.Part of this paper was presented at the 48th Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society in Shizuoka, April 1998  相似文献   

An outbreak of teat papillomatosis in cattle caused by bovine papilloma virus (BPV) type 6 and unclassified BPVs     

Maeda Y  Shibahara T  Wada Y  Kadota K  Kanno T  Uchida I  Hatama S 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,121(3-4):242-248

Out of 700 heifers at a local farm in Hokkaido, the Northern island of Japan, 560 (80%) were found to have benign teat tumors. All of the analyzed tumors were macroscopically of the flat-and-round type, and no other types such as rice-grain or frond epithelial type were found. The lesions were characterized by epithelial hyperplasia, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis. Unlike in typical fibropapilloma, fibroplasia of the underlying dermis was not observed. Bovine papilloma virus (BPV) capsid antigen and virus particles were found in basophilic intranuclear inclusions of the stratum granulosum of the epidermis by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, respectively. BPV-specific DNA was also detected in the lesions. By means of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing of the PCR products, the viruses causing this outbreak were identified mainly as BPV-6 (64%), partly as unclassified BPVs (14%) and their co-infections (21%). Our findings suggest that this outbreak of benign teat tumors was associated with several BPV types.  相似文献   

Swine abortion caused by Candida parapsilosis     

Kaho SHIMADA  Minako TACHIBANA  Takahiro WATAMURA  Hiroshige KOBAYASHI  Atsuko MATSUMOTO  Mikuya IWANAGA  Yasuko HANAFUSA  Tomoyuki SHIBAHARA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(11):1666

In July 2020, a sow in a breeding herd in the Chiba Prefecture, Japan, suffered abortion. A necropsy revealed pale pulmonary foci scattered in the two fetuses. Histologically, multifocal pulmonary necrosis was detected with numerous yeasts. The yeast was positively stained using the periodic acid-Schiff reaction and Grocott’s silver stain. Molecular identification indicated that the yeast was Candida parapsilosis. In conclusion, our results suggested that C. parapsilosis caused multifocal necrotizing pneumonia in the two fetuses. This study is the first report of a swine abortion with C. parapsilosis infection.  相似文献   

Emamectin benzoate as a candidate for a trunk‐injection agent against the pine wood nematode,Bursaphelenchus xylophilus     

Kazuya Takai  Tomoyuki Soejima  Toshio Suzuki  Kazuyoshi Kawazu 《Pest management science》2000,56(10):937-941

In order to develop an effective trunk‐injection agent against pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, an in vitro assay was used to examine the antinematodal activity of 58 commercially available compounds with known modes of action. Among compounds tested, the GABA receptor agonists had better anti‐nematodal activity than compounds influencing glutamate, N‐methyl‐D ‐aspartate, β‐adrenergic, dopamine, muscarinic acetylcholine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, as well as those inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, monoamine oxidase, 5‐hydroxytryptamine uptake and Ca²⁺, K⁺, Na⁺ and Cl⁻ channels. Avermectins and milbemycins strongly inhibited propagation of the nematode. Emamectin benzoate proved to be the most active (IC₉₅ 0.050 µM ) being over 140 times more active than the active ingredient of conventional trunk‐injection agents. It is concluded that emamectin benzoate is a strong candidate for an anti‐nematodal trunk injection agent. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

Diet of young southern bluefin tuna <Emphasis Type="Italic">Thunnus maccoyii</Emphasis> in the southwestern coastal waters of Australia in summer     

Tomoyuki Itoh  Hans Kemps  John Totterdell 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(3):337-344

The diet of juvenile (predominantly age 1) southern bluefin tuna Thunnus maccoyii (SBT, N = 720), caught over 11 years of the recruitment monitoring survey off southern Western Australia during summer, consisted overwhelmingly of teleosts (97.4% by volume). Pilchard Sardinops sagax (27.4%V), blue mackerel Scomber australasicus (16.7%V), and jack mackerel Trachurus declivis (14.2%V) were the major taxa, with pilchard more abundant in coastal waters and jack mackerel more frequently encountered in fish caught closer to the shelf-edge. Prey size varied from 5 to 240 mm, with 67% of ingested items measuring between 30 and 50 mm. Pilchard dominated the prey size category 130–190 mm (84% by number), but the overall contribution of this species to the diet of juvenile SBT was much lower than previously reported. Future research in relation to the feeding ecology of juvenile SBT should focus on the biology and ecology of the young lifestages of the main prey species in this area and on prey distribution and dynamics as a key factor linking environmental change and SBT distribution.  相似文献