Development of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to feline interferon (fIFN)-γ as tools to evaluate cellular immune responses to feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV)     

Satoh R  Kaku A  Satomura M  Kohori M  Noura K  Furukawa T  Kotake M  Takano T  Hohdatsu T 《Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery》2011,13(6):427-435

Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) can cause a lethal disease in cats, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). The antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of FIPV infection has been recognised in experimentally infected cats, and cellular immunity is considered to play an important role in preventing the onset of FIP. To evaluate the importance of cellular immunity for FIPV infection, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against feline interferon (fIFN)-γ were first created to establish fIFN-γ detection systems using the MAbs. Six anti-fIFN-γ MAbs were created. Then, the difference in epitope which those MAbs recognise was demonstrated by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and IFN-γ neutralisation tests. Detection systems for fIFN-γ (sandwich ELISA, ELISpot assay, and two-colour flow cytometry) were established using anti-fIFN-γ MAbs that recognise different epitopes. In all tests, fIFN-γ production from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from cats experimentally infected with an FIPV isolate that did not develop the disease was significantly increased by heat-inactivated FIPV stimulation in comparison with medium alone. Especially, CD8(+)fIFN-γ(+) cells, but not CD4(+)fIFN-γ(+) cells, were increased. In contrast, fIFN-γ production from PBMCs isolated from cats that had developed FIP and specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats was not increased by heat-inactivated FIPV stimulation. These results suggest that cellular immunity plays an important role in preventing the development of FIP. Measurement of fIFN-γ production with the anti-fIFN-γ MAbs created in this study appeared to be useful in evaluating cellular immunity in cats.  相似文献   

Metabolism of microbial nitrogen in ruminants with special reference to nucleic acids     

Tsutomu FUJIHARA  Martin N. SHEM 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(2):198-208

Characteristically the metabolism of microbial nitrogen (N) compounds in ruminants involves the degradation of dietary N and synthesis of microbial protein (MP), compounds including a small amount of peptides and free amino acids, which may account for 75–85% of total N and the remainder are nucleic acids (NA: DNA and RNA). Generally rumen microbes contain 10–25% NA‐N of the total N while 70–80% is in the form of RNA. This paper describes the degradation and synthesis of NA in the rumen and their fate in the lower digestive tracts. Their physiological and nutritional significance in different types of ruminant animals is also discussed. The research works on NA metabolism in ruminants has been mainly on metabolism of purines after rumen microbial digestion and absorption in the lower gut. Subsequently, the fate of absorbed purines has been intensively investigated to assess the extent of MP synthesis in the rumen. The method for predicting ruminal synthesized MP and subsequently digested MP has been proposed using urinary purine derivative (PD) excretion in sheep and cattle fed on ordinary feed. The latter approach has now been adopted for calculation of protein supply in some feeding standards, although there are still difficulties in predicting representative samples of rumen microbes, and also uncertainties in variations of non‐renal and endogenous purine losses.  相似文献   

Evaluation of genetic trends and determination of the optimal number of cumulative records of parity required in reproductive traits in a Large White pig population     

Masamitsu TOMIYAMA  Shouhei KUBO  Tsutomu TAKAGI  Keiichi SUZUKI 《Animal Science Journal》2011,82(5):621-626

Genetic improvement of the reproductive performance of pigs is important for pig breeding despite their low heritabilities. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effectiveness of selection concerning reproductive traits and to determine the optimal number of parity records required for accurate estimation of breeding values (BVs) in the open population of a commercial pig breeding company. The study used records of 2220 purebred Large White pigs (9845 litters) farrowed between 1998 and 2009 in the two herds of the Pacific Ocean Breeding Co. Ltd. The traits studied included farrowing interval (FI), total number of piglets at birth (TNB), average weaning weight per litter (AWW), and raising rate (RR). A statistical model was applied to the 4‐trait repeatability animal model. The heritabilities of FI, TNB, AWW and RR were low. The genetic trends in TNB (h² = 0.09) showed approximately 1.0 increase in 6 years from 2003 to 2008. The predicted error variances indicated that up to fourth parity records are necessary for accurate genetic evaluation. The present study results indicated that even reproductive traits with low heritability can be improved.  相似文献   

Relationship between antibacterial activity of (+)-catechin derivatives and their interaction with a model membrane     

Kajiya K  Hojo H  Suzuki M  Nanjo F  Kumazawa S  Nakayama T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2004,52(6):1514-1519

(+)-Catechin derivatives with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized from (+)-catechin and various straight chain alkylaldehydes in the presence of methyl mercaptan, and their antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria were evaluated. The antibacterial activity increased markedly with elongation of the alkyl chain lengths of the derivatives and reached a maximum at a chain of four to seven carbons. Subsequently, interaction of the (+)-catechin derivatives with a model membrane using liposome was investigated. The derivatives with a chain of three carbons or more were found to have very strong affinity for the membrane. The injury action of the derivatives against the membrane was examined with liposome in which calcein was enclosed as a fluorescent indicator. The leakage was observed in the derivatives with chain lengths of four carbons or more. Particularly the derivatives with chains longer than five carbons are considered to destroy the liposome membrane judging from the degree of the fluorescent leakage. These results implied that the lipophilicity and disrupting ability of the (+)-catechin derivatives to the liposome membrane participate in their antibacterial activity.  相似文献   

Ability of CD8+ T cell anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) activity and FIV proviral DNA load in mononuclear cells in FIV-infected cats     

Hohdatsu T  Nakanishi T  Saito I  Koyama H 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2005,67(1):129-131

We investigated the relationship between CD8+ T cell anti-feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) activity and FIV proviral DNA load integrated in mononuclear cells. The anti-FIV activity and the proviral DNA load were correlated, and the number of proviral DNA copies was high in cats with decreased anti-FIV activity. Particularly, no anti-FIV activity was detected in the cats staged as having an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related complex or AIDS, and the number of proviral DNA copies was obviously increased compared to those in the cats in the asymptomatic stage. These results suggest that decreased anti-FIV activity destroys the control of in vivo FIV replication, which leads to an increased proviral DNA load with the progression of the clinical stage of disease.  相似文献   

Identification of Facklamia sourekii from a lactating cow     

Takamatsu D  Ide H  Osaki M  Sekizaki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2006,68(11):1225-1227

A gram-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccus was isolated from a lactating cow with hematuria and urodynia in Japan. The isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Facklamia sourekii. The biochemical and culture characteristics of the isolate were well consistent with those of F. sourekii type strain. Since all F. sourekii strains reported so far were isolated from human clinical specimens, this is the first reported case of F. sourekii isolated from veterinary clinical specimen.  相似文献   

Rice false smut pathogen, Ustilaginoidea virens, invades through small gap at the apex of a rice spikelet before heading   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Taketo Ashizawa  Mami Takahashi  Michiyoshi Arai  Tsutomu Arie 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(4):255-259

Ustilaginoidea virens, the false smut pathogen of rice, produces false smut balls on spikelets after heading. To clarify how the fungus invades spikelets during the booting stage, we developed a fungal strain that expresses a green fluorescent protein gene and injected conidia from this strain into rice sheaths. Observations at 48?h post-inoculation showed many conidia were present on spikelet surfaces, and the conidia had germinated and the hyphae have gradually grown by 120?h post-inoculation. By 144?h, hyphae had invaded spikelets through their apices, via the small gap between the lemma and palea and had already reached all floral organs.  相似文献   

Development of EST-SSR markers of Ipomoea nil     

Tong Ly  Hiroyuki Fukuoka  Asami Otaka  Atsushi Hoshino  Shigeru Iida  Eiji Nitasaka  Nobuyoshi Watanabe  Tsutomu Kuboyama 《Breeding Science》2012,62(1):99-104

Although Japanese morning glory (Ipomoea nil (L.) Roth.) has been used intensively for genetic studies, DNA markers have not been developed in Ipomoea nil sufficient to cover all chromosomes. Therefore, we conducted microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR) marker development in I. nil for future genetic studies. From 92,662 expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences, 514 unique microsatellite-containing ESTs were identified. Primer pairs were designed automatically in 326 SSRs. Of 150 SSRs examined, 75 showed polymorphisms among strains. A phenogram based on the SSR genotypes revealed the genetic relation among seven Japanese morning glories from five different regions of the world and an ivyleaf morning glory (I. hederacea Jacq.). The developed SSR markers might be applicable for genetic studies of morning glories and their relatives.  相似文献   

Induction of feline immunodeficiency virus from a chronically infected feline T-lymphocyte cell line     

Tochikura TS  Naito Y  Kozutsumi Y  Hohdatsu T 《Research in veterinary science》2012,92(2):327-332

The infection of the feline T-lymphocyte cell line FeT-J with the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Petaluma strain led to the establishment of nonvirus-producing cells. One clone (C15) obtained by limiting dilution was found to express FIV in response to chemical inducers of retroviruses. The chemical treatment of C15 cells led to not only FIV protein synthesis but also an augmentation of viral production. Examination of the C15 cell derivatives obtained by recloning revealed that 10-40% of treated cells constitutively expressed FIV antigens, whereas 100% with expressed FIV antigen in response to the inducer. Chemical induction resulted in more than a 100-fold increase in infectious viral production. The results suggest that a majority of FeT-J cells that are infected with FIV exist in a non-productive state. Establishing a cell line that can be non-productively infected by FIV may help determine the mechanisms of FIV latency.  相似文献   

Effects of photoperiod on salsolinol‐induced prolactin secretion in goats     

Tomoyoshi YAEGASHI  Jin JIN  Tatsuru SAWADA  Hayato SAITO  Ferenc FÜLÖP  György Miklos NAGY  Tsutomu HASHIZUME 《Animal Science Journal》2012,83(5):418-425

The aim of the present study was to clarify the relation between salsolinol (SAL)‐induced prolactin (PRL) release and photoperiod in goats. A single intravenous (i.v.) injection of SAL was given to adult female goats under short (8 h light, 16 h dark) or long (16 h light, 8 h dark) photoperiod conditions at two different ambient temperatures (20°C or 5°C), and the PRL‐releasing response to SAL was compared to that of thyrotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) or a dopamine (DA) receptor antagonist, sulpiride. SAL, as well as TRH or sulpiride, stimulated the release of PRL promptly after each injection in both 8‐ and 16‐h daily photoperiods at 20°C (P < 0.05). The area under the response curve (AUC) of PRL for the 60‐min period after injections of saline (controls), SAL, TRH and sulpiride in the 16‐h daily photoperiod group was greater than each corresponding value in the 8‐h daily photoperiod group (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the AUC of PRL among the values produced after the injection of SAL, TRH and sulpiride in 16‐h daily photoperiod group; however, the values produced after the injection of TRH were smallest among the three in the 8‐h daily photoperiod group (P < 0.05). The PRL‐releasing responses to SAL, TRH and sulpiride under a short and long photoperiod condition at 5°C resembled those at 20°C. These results show that a long photoperiod highly enhances the PRL‐releasing response to SAL as well as TRH or sulpiride in either medium or low ambient temperature in goats.  相似文献