Antimicrobial use and stewardship practices on Australian beef feedlots     

SM Badger  KF Sullivan  D Jordan  CGB Caraguel  SW Page  PMV Cusack  D Frith  DJ Trott 《Australian veterinary journal》2020,98(1-2):37-47

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Shoot tip cryotherapy for plant pathogen eradication     

Min-Rui Wang  Wen-Lu Bi  Jean Carlos Bettoni  Dong Zhang  Gayle M. Volk  Qiao-Chun Wang 《Plant pathology》2022,71(6):1241-1254

Diseases caused by plant pathogens such as viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas cause huge economic losses of agricultural production and limit the safe movement of plant materials across borders. The use of pathogen-free planting materials provides a strategy for efficient management of these diseases and facilitates the global exchange of genetic resources. Shoot tip cryotherapy is a novel biotechnology method that uses cryogenic procedures to eradicate plant pathogens from the diseased plants. Combining thermotherapy or chemotherapy with shoot tip cryotherapy has further enhanced pathogen eradication efficiency. This review provides updated and comprehensive information on shoot tip cryotherapy and the combination of thermotherapy or chemotherapy with shoot tip cryotherapy for pathogen eradication. Prospects are proposed for future studies.  相似文献   

The potential of alley cropping im improvement of cultivation systems in the high rainfall areas of Zambia II. Maize production     

R. B. Matthews  S. Lungu  J. Volk  S. T. Holden  K. Solberg 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,17(3):241-261

Theee trials to evaluat the potential of alley cropping in maize production on the low fertility, acidic soils in Northern Zambia are described. Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium, Sesbania sesban, Albizia falcataria, Fleminga congesta, and Cassia spectabilis, were grown in alley crops with hybrid maize and soybean. All trials received recommended rates of P and K fertiliser; N fertiliser was applied at three rates as a subplot treatment. One trial received lime before establishment.Only in the limed trial was there a significant improvement in maize yields through alley cropping; when no N fertiliser was applied, incorporation of Leucaena leucocephala prunings resulted in an increase of up to 95% in yields, with a smaller improvement being produced by Flemingia congesta. There was a significant correlation between the quantity of prunings biomass applied and the proportional increase in maize yields over the control treatment. It is suggested that the lack of effect of most of the tree species on crop yields was due to low biomass production.An economic analysis showed that alley cropping with limed Leucaena was only profitable when fertiliser costs were high in relation to maize prices. However, lime is both expensive and difficult to obtain and transport for most small scale farmers in the region, and is therefore not a practical recommendation. It is suggested that future alley cropping research should focus on screening a wider range of tree species, including other species of Leucaena, for acid tolerance and higher biomass production.  相似文献   

The potential of alley cropping in improvement of cultivation systems in the high rainfall areas of Zambia I. Chitemene and Fundikila     

R. B. Matthews  S. T. Holden  J. Volk  S. Lungu 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,17(3):219-240

Three trials investigating the potential of alley cropping to improve the traditional systems of cultivation, chitemene and fundikila, in the Northern Province of Zambia are described. Flemingia congesta, Tephrosia vogelii, and Sesbania sesban, were grown in association with finger millet, groundnut, cowpea, and maize in various traditional cropping sequences. The indigenous species Tephrosia vogelii and Sesbania sesban were not able to withstand repeated pruning and the long following dry season, and were replaced with Calliandra calothyrsus, and Cassia spectabilis.Over a four year period, there was no benefit by alley cropping with any of the tree species on crop yields, and yields in alley crop treatments even dropped significantly below the control treatments in the fourth year, casting doubt on the potential of alley cropping for sustainable production. There was also no consistent effect on soil chemical characteristics in any of the trials. It was suggested that this lack of beneficial response to alley cropping was due to low tree biomass production low quality of prunings, and an inappropriate cropping sequence. There was no evidence that alley cropping contributed to enhanced nutrient recycling, despite substantial localised pools of soil nutrients, particularly in the chitemene, with which recycling could potentially occur.  相似文献   

Gastric ulceration subsequent to partial invagination of the stomach in a dog with gastric dilatation-volvulus     

Parton AT  Volk SW  Weisse C 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》2006,228(12):1895-1900

CASE DESCRIPTION-An 8-year-old castrated male German Shepherd Dog was evaluated because of abdominal distension, retching, and vomiting. CLINICAL FINDINGS-Gastric dilatation-volvulus was suspected on the basis of the dog's signalment, history, clinical signs, and results of clinicopathologic analyses and abdominal radiography. Celiotomy was performed, and gastric dilatation-volvulus was confirmed along with splenomegaly. Gastric invagination was performed over an area of gastric necrosis. The dog was reevaluated 21 days later after an episode of collapse. Findings of physical examination and clinicopathologic analyses were suggestive of internal hemorrhage. Abdominal ultrasonography and subsequent celiotomy revealed severe gastric ulceration at the gastric invagination site, splenic torsion, and a focal splenic infarct. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME-Splenectomy and gastrectomy of the necrotic tissue were performed. The dog was discharged from the hospital, and the owner was instructed to administer gastroprotectants and feed the dog a bland diet. The dog was reported to be healthy 3.25 years after surgery. CLINICAL RELEVANCE-Findings suggest that complications associated with the gastric invagination procedure include severe gastric ulceration that may require subsequent surgery. Prolonged treatment with gastroprotectants following gastric invagination surgery may be necessary to avoid gastric ulceration in dogs.  相似文献   

Development of a chick bioassay for determination of infectivity of viral pathogens in poultry litter     

AFMF Islam  SW Walkden‐Brown  PJ Groves  B Wells 《Australian veterinary journal》2013,91(1-2):65-71

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A case of canine discospondylitis and epidural empyema due to Salmonella species     

Ioannis N. Plessas  Philip Jull  Holger A. Volk 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2013,54(6):595-598

A case of canine discospondylitis and epidural empyema due to Salmonella species is reported. The history, clinical signs, and magnetic resonance imaging were suggestive of discospondylitis and empyema, which was subsequently confirmed by blood cultures. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of canine discospondylitis due to Salmonella species.  相似文献   

Spinal Arachnoid Diverticula: Outcome in 96 Medically or Surgically Treated Dogs          下载免费PDF全文

D.A. Mauler  S. De Decker  L. De Risio  H.A. Volk  R. Dennis  I. Gielen  E. Van der Vekens  K. Goethals  L. Van Ham 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2017,31(3):849-853

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Cervical Vertebral Stenosis Associated with a Vertebral Arch Anomaly in the Basset Hound     

S. De Decker  L. De Risio  M. Lowrie  D. Mauler  E. Beltran  A. Giedja  P.J. Kenny  I. Gielen  L. Garosi  H. Volk 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2012,26(6):1374-1382

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Development of an in vitro, isolated, infected spore testing model for disinfectant testing of Microsporum canis isolates     

Moriello KA  Deboer DJ  Volk LM  Sparkes A  Robinson A 《Veterinary dermatology》2004,15(3):175-180

The isolated infected hair model is a commonly used technique to test the fungicidal efficacy of topical therapies against Microsporum canis. The most commonly used model uses mats of infective hairs, and results from various laboratories have differed. The objectives of this study were to develop a method to produce spores for testing when only mycelial forms were available and to develop a semiquantitative testing method that used only infective spores from hairs, and not pooled hair samples for testing. Ten isolates of M. canis were used in this study. Juvenile guinea pigs were easily infected using mycelial forms of M. canis and large numbers of spores were easily harvested for testing. Eight dilutions of disinfectants were tested. Fungal culture data were evaluated using an endpoint dilution at which there was 100% fungicidal activity, i.e. no growth on the plates. The 10 samples showed identical results. Chlorhexidine and Virkon(R) S were ineffective even when used at x4 the manufacturer's recommended dilution. Lime sulphur (1 : 33), enilconazole (20 microL mL(-1)), and bleach (1 : 10) were consistently effective when used at the recommended dilution. In addition, lime sulphur and enilconazole were 100% fungicidal even when the recommended concentration was diluted 1 : 4 or x4 as dilute as recommended.  相似文献