RADIOGRAPHIC HEART-VOLUME ESTIMATION IN NORMAL CATS     

Nils-Erik  Ahlberg  MD  PhD  Kerstin  Hansson  VDM  Leif  Svensson  PhD  Krister  Iwarsson  VDM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1989,30(6):253-260

Heart volume mensuration was evaluated on conventional radiographs from eight normal cats in different body positions using computed tomography (CT). Heart volumes were calculated from orthogonal thoracic radiographs in ventral and dorsal recumbency and from radiographs exposed with a vertical X-ray beam in dorsal and lateral recumbency using the formula for an ellipsoid body. Heart volumes were also estimated with CT in ventral, dorsal, right lateral and left lateral recumbency. No differences between heart volumes from CT in ventral recumbency and those from CT in right and left lateral recumbency were seen. In dorsal recumbency, however, significantly lower heart volumes were obtained. Heart volumes from CT in ventral recumbency were similar to those from radiographs in ventral and dorsal recumbency and dorsal/left lateral recumbency. Close correlation was also demonstrated between heart volumes from radiographs in dorsal/ left lateral recumbency and body weights of the eight cats.  相似文献   

Clinical pharmacology of antiemetic and antiulcer drugs     

S D Forrester  D M Boothe  M D Willard 《Seminars in veterinary medicine and surgery (small animal)》1989,4(3):194-201

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The Effect of Intercondylar Notchplasty on the Normal Canine Stifle     

RANDALL B. FITCH DVM  MS    RONALD D. MONTGOMERY DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    STEVEN A. KINCAID DVM  PhD    JOHN T. HATCHCOCK DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVR    JAMES L. MILTON DVM  MS  Diplomate ACVS    PHILLIP D. GARRETT DVM  MS    JAMES C. WRIGHT DVM  PhD  GLENN C. TERRY MD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(2):156-164

This study evaluated the effect of notchplasty (enlargement of the intercondylar fossa) in stable and unstable canine stifles. Bilateral notchplasty and unilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) transection were performed in 6 dogs. Exercise, consisting of walking 1.5 miles three times a week, began 1 month after surgery and continued until euthanasia 6 months after surgery. Evaluation methods included orthopedic examination, serial radiographs, thin section radiography, histopathology, and gross pathology. Notchplasty in the stable stifle did not cause lameness beyond 3 weeks, joint instability, or degenerative joint disease. In the stable stifle, smooth resurfacing of the notchplasty site with fibrous and osseous tissue occurred. Stifles with notchplasty and CrCL transection exhibited persistent lameness, instability, and degenerative joint disease. In CrCL deficient stifles osteophytes formed within the notchplasty site, resulting in a rough surface. Our observations indicated significant refilling in notchplasties of both stable and unstable stifles ( P <.05). However, the intercondylar fossa (ICF) width 6 months after notchplasty was significantly smaller in unstable stifles compared with stable stifles ( P <.05) indicating that greater refilling of the notchplasties occurred in the unstable stifles. In clinical cases, notchplasty should be larger than the desired final result to accomodate the partial refilling that occurs even in stable stifles.  相似文献   

Cardiopulmonary and Analgesic Effects of Epidural Lidocaine, Alfentanil, and Xylazine in Pigs Anesthetized With Isoflurane     

F. J. TENDILLO DVM  PhD    A. M. PERA DVM    A. MASCIAS DVM    M. SANTOS DVM    LA. GÓMEZ DE SEGURA DVM  PhD    F. SAN ROMÁN DVM  PhD  J.L. CASTILLO-OLIVARES MD  PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(1):73-77

To determine cardiopulmonary and analgesic effects of lidocaine, alfentanil, and xylazine in pigs anesthetized with isoflurane, 18 healthy Landrace-Large White pigs were studied (six for each drug). General anesthesia was induced with isoflurane in O₂ and maintained with 1% to 1.2% end-tidal ISO, ensuring presence of a pain response before epidural drug administration. Heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressures (AP), cardiac output (CO), pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), central venous pressure, respiratory rate (RR), tidal volume (TV), minute volume (MV), arterial blood gas data, core temperature (CT), and analgesic effects (by pricking the lumbar area and the abdominal wall) were determined at various times (2, 5, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes) after epidural administration of lidocaine (5 μg/kg), alfentanil (5 μg/kg), or xylazine (0.2 mg/kg), all diluted in NaCl 0.9% to 0.5 mL/kg. Statistical analysis included two-way analysis of variance for repeated measures and the least significant difference test for determining differences among means. A probability level of P <.05 was used. The following results were statistically significant decreases in systolic AP, HR, TV, RR, MV, CT, pH, PaO₂, and TCO₂ and increases in PCWP, PaCO₂, and HCO₃ after LID. After ALF, only CT and HCO₃ decreased. Core temperature and TV decreased after XYL. Lidocaine provided 45 to 60 minutes of analgesia. Alfentanil had no analgesic effects, and xylazine provided 90 minutes of analgesia. The authors conclude that xylazine, when injected epidurally, provides suitable analgesia in isoflurane-anesthetized pigs.  相似文献   

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF THE NORMAL FELINE NASAL CAVITY AND PARANASAL SINUSES   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

John M.  Losonsky  DVM  MS  Louise C.  Abbott  PhD  DVM  Igor V.  Kuriashkin  MD  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(4):251-258

Computed tomography (CT) images of the feline nasal cavity and paranasal were acquiredfrom noraml adult cats. Good resolutin and amatomic detail were obtained from the CT images using soft tissue formatting. A desciption of normal feline nasal cavity and paranasal sinus anatomy using CT is presented.  相似文献   

Gastrointestinal zoonoses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

M D Willard  B Sugarman  R D Walker 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》1987,17(1):145-178

Infectious gastrointestinal diseases affect man and animals throughout the world. Certain etiologic agents (for example, Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Yersinia enterocolitica, Cryptosporidia, Strongyloides stercoralis, Echinococcus granulosa) seem to have the potential to be transmitted from pets to people, causing severe disease in the latter. Other agents seem unlikely to be transmitted but may have the potential to be zoonoses. This article discusses proved, suspected, and possible zoonotic agents that may originate from the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and cats.  相似文献   

Severe hypophosphatemia associated with diabetes mellitus in six dogs and one cat     

M D Willard  C A Zerbe  W D Schall  C Johnson  S E Crow  R Jones 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1987,190(8):1007-1010

Severe hypophosphatemia was found in 6 diabetic dogs and in one diabetic cat. The cat suffered from hemolysis, and one dog had seizures, both apparently as a result of the severe hypophosphatemia. Clinical signs were not determined solely by the serum concentration of phosphorus, as seen in 5 other patients that did not have signs of disease despite similar serum phosphorus concentrations.  相似文献   

Clinicopathological abnormalities and treatment response in 24 dogs seroreactive to Bartonella vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens     

Breitschwerdt EB  Blann KR  Stebbins ME  Muñana KR  Davidson MG  Jackson HA  Willard MD 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2004,40(2):92-101

Bartonella vinsonii (B. vinsonii) subspecies berkhoffii is a recently recognized cause of endocarditis, myocarditis, and granulomatous disease in dogs. In an effort to elucidate other potential disease manifestations, the case records of 24 dogs that were seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens were studied retrospectively. Diagnoses included immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, neutrophilic or granulomatous meningoencephalitis, neutrophilic polyarthritis, cutaneous vasculitis, and uveitis. Repeated B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antibody titers became negative after treatment. This study indicates that a diverse spectrum of disease manifestations and clinicopathological abnormalities can be detected in dogs that are seroreactive to B. vinsonii (berkhoffii) antigens.  相似文献   

Genomics and gene therapy. Artificial chromosomes coming to life     

Willard HF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5495):1308-1309

One of the biggest obstacles to gene therapy is the delivery of the therapeutic gene to the target tissue so that it is appropriately expressed. In his Perspective, Willard looks at the potential advantages of using a human artificial chromosome to maintain expression of a therapeutic gene and discusses some of the hurdles yet to be overcome before this gene delivery system can be tried out in the clinic.  相似文献   

Efficacy of an ivermectin and pyrantel pamoate combination against adult hookworm, Ancylostoma braziliense, in dogs     

WL SHOOP  BF MICHAEL  MD SOLL  JN CLARK 《Australian veterinary journal》1996,73(3):84-85

A chewable tablet incorporating ivermectin and pyrantel was tested in 12 Beagle dogs for efficacy against the adult hookworm, Ancylostoma braziliense. The dogs were administered infective larvae of A braziliense orally. Twenty-one days after infection the dogs were weighed and allocated randomly to receive either an oral treatment with ivermectin and pyrantel in a beef-based chewable tablet or no treatment. The chewable tablet was a commercially available product, which was made to deliver ivermectin at 6 μg/kg and pyrantel at 5.0 mg/kg to each dog. Seven days after treatment the dogs were euthanased, necropsied, and examined for adult hookworms. At necropsy, no adult A braziliense was observed in any of the 6 treated dogs and all 6 dogs that had been left untreated were infected with adult A braziliense (range, 48 to 161). It was concluded that this combination product is 100% efficacious against adult A braziliense.  相似文献