土壤微生物膜对风沙土固沙保水特性的影响     

杜宇佳  高广磊  陈丽华  丁国栋  张英  曹红雨  阿拉萨  刘振婷 《农业工程学报》2020,36(17):98-105

土壤微生物膜胞外聚合物具有较强的黏结性,为增强风沙土抗蚀性,提高风沙土保水性提供了新途径。鉴于此,该研究采用室内控制试验设置6个微生物菌剂施用水平(0、1、3、5、7和10 g/kg),以期阐明土壤微生物膜对风沙土特性的影响。研究结果表明:1)施用微生物菌剂可产生土壤微生物膜,并胶结风沙土颗粒。2)试验结束时(第49 d),与对照组相比,不同菌剂施用处理的土壤容重降低0.54%～8.88%,孔隙度提高0.39%～3.91%,含水率显著提高0.11%～0.25%(P0.05),大团聚体质量分数增加5.59%～25.01%,土壤pH值由7.16显著增加至8.32～9.23(P0.05)。3)土壤多糖含量对土壤特性的解释率为47%,是影响土壤特性的关键因素。土壤微生物膜能够有效改善风沙土特性,增强风沙土抗蚀性,提高风沙土保水性,但较高的微生物菌剂施用量会增加土壤pH值,造成土壤盐碱化,建议微生物菌剂施用水平为1～5 g/kg。研究成果有利于深入理解微生物膜固沙保水机制,并可为沙化土地防治新技术研发提供重要理论依据和科技支撑。  相似文献   

配施硫基肥对夏玉米镉铅累积的阻控效应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙洪欣  薛培英  赵全利  冯宇佳  耿丽平  陈苗苗  刘文菊 《农业工程学报》2017,33(1):182-189

该文以府河流域污灌区农田为研究对象,通过田间小区试验研究了5种施肥措施对土壤重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)有效性以及夏玉米(Zea mays L.)对Cd、Pb富集和转运能力的影响。结果表明:与农民常规施肥(CK)相比,尿素、磷酸二铵和氯化钾配施(N-P-K)以及腐殖酸复合肥、尿素和磷酸二铵配施(HA-N-P)的表层土壤Cd、Pb有效性以及夏玉米对Cd、Pb的富集和迁移能力差异均不显著(P0.05)。然而,腐殖酸复合肥、硫酸铵和磷酸二铵配施(HA-S-P)以及硫酸铵、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾配施(S-P-K)2种施肥措施的表层土壤有效Cd含量分别比CK降低了10.60%和6.36%,表层土壤有效Pb含量分别比CK降低了11.49%和6.00%。此外,HA-S-P处理和S-P-K处理夏玉米Pb转运系数分别比CK降低了50.33%和77.10%,且夏玉米籽粒Pb含量分别比CK降低了59.75%和80.43%(P0.05),但各处理间夏玉米对Cd的转运和富集能力差异并不显著,这说明施用硫基肥可有效抑制夏玉米对Pb的富集和转运,但并未影响其对Cd的富集和转运。综上所述,该污灌区轻度Cd、Pb复合污染农田土壤种植夏玉米建议硫酸铵、磷酸二铵和硫酸钾配施,或者腐殖酸复合肥、硫酸铵和磷酸二铵配施。  相似文献   

Prediction of grain protein content in winter wheat through leaf color measurements using a chlorophyll meter     

Teruo Matsunaka  Yuji Watanabe  Tadashi Miyawaki  Nobuo Ichikawa 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(1):127-134

A field trial was conducted over a 3-year period at the Hokkaido Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station to examine whether the grain protein content (GPC) of a winter wheat cultivar (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chihokukomugi) suitable for Japanese noodle-making could be predicted before harvest. The prediction of the GPC was accurate based on the color of the second leaf (just below the flag leaf) at the end of the emergence of the inflorescence, when nitrogen application was graded. In order to evaluate the reliability of this test, a survey of 95 wheat fields in the eastern part of Hokkaido was also carried out during a 3-year period. The prediction of the GPC for this cultivar based on the color of the second leaf was less accurate across many sites. The results of this survey, however, suggested that the leaf color could be used as an index for ranking the GPC as low or high in relation to processing requirements. When the leaf color value of the second leaf measured with a chlorophyll meter at the end of the emergence of the inflorescence was less than 40, it was predicted that the GPC would be lower than the processing requirement. This index could be applied to the cultivars grown in the eastern part of Hokkaido, except for those grown on peat soils.  相似文献   

Plantlet regeneration from leaf protoplasts ofPopulus euphratica     

Jae-Myung Kang  Katsumi Kojima  Yuji Ide  Satohiko Sasaki 《Journal of Forest Research》1996,1(2):99-102

Protoplasts were isolated from the leaves of sterile plants ofPopulus euphratica Oliv. by using 1% Cellulase “Onozuka” RS and 0.25% Pectolyase Y-23 in 0.6m of mannitol solution. Protoplasts were cultured in modified Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium which contained no ammonium ions but was supplemented with BAP (6-benzylaminopurine), 2,4-D (2,4- dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid), and 1% sucrose at the cell density of 9×10⁴/ml. Cell divisions occurred in every culture medium, especially in the medium containing 0.5 mg/l of BAP and 0.1 mg/l of 2,4-D, in which callus was successfully induced by successive culture through cell cluster formation. Shoots were regenerated from the callus, and their growth was enhanced on 1/2 MS medium containing 0.8 mg/l of BAP. Finally, shoots were rooted and plantlets were regenerated on 1/2 MS medium without a hormone. A part of this paper was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Jpn. For. Soc. (1995).  相似文献   

Leaching characteristics of homologues of benzalkonium chloride from wood treated with ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservative     

Teruhisa Miyauchi  Mitsunori Mori  Yuji Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2008,54(3):225-232

In Japan, ammoniacal copper quaternary wood preservatives type-1 (ACQ-1), which contains copper and benzalkonium chloride as its active ingredients, is among the most widely used wood preservatives in the pressure treatment of wood. Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) in commercial ACQ-1 products mainly comprises C12 and C14 homologues. In the present study, the leaching characteristics of these BAC homologues were investigated using the heartwood and sapwood portions of Japanese cedar, Japanese larch, and Sakhalin fir treated with ACQ-1 and 1% monoethanolamine (MEA) solution containing equimolar amounts of homologues. Distilled water (DW) and artificial seawater (SW) were used as leaching media. Consequently, it was observed that the leaching rate of the C12 homologue tended to be higher than that of the C14 homologue in DW. The leaching of C12 homologues was accelerated by using SW, resulting in a significantly higher leaching rate than the C14 homologue using SW. It was thought that the difference in the hydrophobicities based on alkyl chain lengths resulted in these phenomena. However, when the heartwood portion of Japanese larch was treated with the homologues in MEA, the leaching rate of the C14 homologue was significantly higher than that of the C12 homologue.  相似文献   

Water absorption of boron-treated and heat-modified wood     

Saip Nami Kartal  Won-Joung Hwang  Yuji Imamura 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(5):454-457

Heat treatments change the chemical and physical properties of wood and dimensional stability and hygroscopicity are affected as a result of modifications of wood cell components. This study evaluated the water absorption of wood specimens treated with boron compounds followed by heat treatment. Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) sapwood specimens treated with either boric acid (BA) or disodium octoborate tetrahydrate (DOT) solutions were heat-modified at either 180° or 220°C for 2 or 4 h. Carbohydrate composition and water absorption of the specimens were then measured and compared with those of untreated and unheated specimens. Wood carbohydrates were significantly degraded in the specimens after heat treatment. The heat treatment evidently decreased the water absorption and the heat-modified specimens absorbed less water than unheated specimens. The higher the treatment temperature and the longer the treatment time, the lower the amount of absorbed water. The boron-treated and heat-modified specimens, however, showed increased water absorption due to the hygroscopic properties of BA and DOT.  相似文献   

Growth and yield of self-compatible and hybrid common buckwheat lines pollinated with and without flies     

Shinya Kasajima  Chidori Katagiri  Toshikazu Morishita  Tatsuro Suzuki  Yuji Mukasa 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(4):384-388

Common buckwheat is a self-incompatible, insect-pollinated allogamous plant. This study examined growth and yield of the common buckwheat self-compatible and hybrid lines pollinated with and without flies. Self-compatible ‘IH3’, hybrid ‘IP2/IH3’, and standard self-incompatible ‘Kitawasesoba’ were used in field and pot experiments. Self-compatibility of ‘IH3’ was shown to be of high purity. Approximately 10% segregation of pin plants from ‘IP2/IH3’ was observed. The harvest index of ‘Kitawasesoba’ pollinated without flies was considerably lower than that pollinated with flies in both field and pot experiments. The harvest index values of ‘IH3’ and ‘IP2/IH3’ were hardly affected by the presence or absence of flies. The morphological traits of ‘IH3’ were significantly lower than those of the other two genotypes. Large differences in these traits between ‘IP2/IH3’ and ‘Kitawasesoba’ were not observed in either the field or pot experiments. The seed yield of ‘Kitawasesoba’ pollinated without flies tended to be lower than that pollinated with flies. The seed yield of ‘IP2/IH3’ tended to be higher than that of ‘IH3’. The hybrid line ‘IP2/IH3’ showed a high fertilization rate, which was nearly as high as that of ‘IH3’. Rate of fertilization and percentage of ripe seeds were higher in ‘IH3’ and ‘IP2/IH3’, wherein they were hardly affected by the presence or absence of flies, than in ‘Kitawasesoba’. The ‘IP2/IH3’ hybrid line will be useful for understanding the stable high-yielding ability of self-compatibility common buckwheat.  相似文献   

CeO2添加比例对Fe基催化剂催化纤维素气化制氢的影响     

赵雨佳  邹俊  胡俊豪  杨海平  杨光  陈汉平 《农业工程学报》2020,36(20):269-274

为研究CeO2添加对生物质催化气化制氢特性的影响,该研究采用分级气化系统分析了不同CeO2/Fe2O3比例（Ce∶Fe摩尔比为0∶1、3∶7、5∶5、7∶3、1∶0）双金属催化剂对纤维素水蒸气催化重整制氢气体产物产量、组成以及催化剂的结构演变特性的影响。结果表明,CeO2/Fe2O3催化剂在制氢反应中的催化性能明显优于纯CeO2或Fe2O3催化剂,当Ce∶Fe摩尔比为3∶7时,在800℃下氢气的最大产率为21.63 mmol/g（以纤维素计,下同）;当温度大于等于800℃时,催化剂氧化还原反应后可生成CeFeO3,且CeFeO3的存在对纤维素水蒸气气化过程有促进作用。CeO2的引入提高了催化剂的氧化性能和稳定性,提高了使用寿命。该研究对生物质气化机制的深入理解具有一定的指导意义。  相似文献   

Study of the Structure–Activity Relationship of an Anti-Dormant Mycobacterial Substance 3-(Phenethylamino)Demethyl(oxy)aaptamine to Create a Probe Molecule for Detecting Its Target Protein     

Yuji Sumii  Kentaro Kamiya  Takehiko Nakamura  Kenta Tanaka  Takumi Kaji  Junya Mukomura  Naoyuki Kotoku  Masayoshi Arai 《Marine drugs》2022,20(2)

The current tuberculosis treatment regimen is long and complex, and its failure leads to relapse and emergence of drug resistance. One of the major reasons underlying the extended chemotherapeutic regimen is the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to attain a dormant state. Therefore, the identification of new lead compounds with chemical structures different from those of conventional anti-tuberculosis drugs is essential. The compound 3-(phenethylamino)demethyl(oxy)aaptamine (PDOA, 1), isolated from marine sponge of Aaptos sp., is known as an anti-dormant mycobacterial substance, and has been reported to be effective against the drug resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. However, its target protein still remains unclear. This study aims to clarify the structure–activity relationship of 1 using 15 synthetic analogues, in order to prepare a probe molecule for detecting the target protein of 1. We succeeded in creating the compound 15 with a photoaffinity group that retained antimicrobial activity, which proved to be a suitable probe molecule for identifying the target protein of 1.  相似文献   

Oral administration of β-alanine modifies carnosine concentrations in the muscles and brains of chickens     

Shozo TOMONAGA  Yuji KAJI  Tetsuya TACHIBANA  D. Michael DENBOW  Mitsuhiro FURUSE 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(3):249-254

Carnosine, and its derivative anserine, are known to function as anti‐oxidants and putative neurotransmitters. They are especially rich in the breast muscle (Musculus pectoralis superficialis, MPS) of chickens. To clarify whether the concentrations of carnosine and anserine are altered by dietary management, the effect of oral administration of their constituent, β‐alanine (β‐Ala), was determined in the MPS and brains of chickens. Birds were orally administered β‐Ala (22 mmol/kg) twice a day for five consecutive days (from 2 to 6 days old). In the MPS, carnosine was increased by β‐Ala, whereas anserine and taurine were decreased. The concentrations of other free amino acids in the MPS were also modified by β‐Ala. In the brain, the oral administration of β‐Ala increased anserine and carnosine and decreased taurine, but caused no changes to other free amino acid concentrations. These results suggest that orally administered β‐Ala increases carnosine concentrations in both the MPS and brains of chickens. However, the effects of β‐Ala on other concentrations differ depending on the tissues.  相似文献