Changes in agricultural land use can explain population decline in a ladybeetle species in the Czech Republic: evidence from a process-based spatially explicit model     

Felix J. J. A. Bianchi  Alois Honĕk  Wopke van der Werf 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(10):1541-1554

Changes in land use affect species interactions and population dynamics by modifying the spatial template of trophic interaction and the availability of resources in time and space. We developed a process-based spatially explicit model for evaluating the effects of land use on species viability by modelling foraging performance and energy sequestration in a stage structured, three-trophic population model. The model is parameterized with realistic parameters for a ladybeetle–aphid–host plant interaction, and is run in four realistic landscapes in the Czech Republic. We analysed whether changes in crop selection and fertilizer input could explain the dramatic and unexplained decline in abundance of the ladybeetle Coccinella septempunctata in the Czech Republic from 1978 to 2005. The results indicate that a major reduction in fertilizer input after the transition to a market economy, resulting in lower aphid population densities in cereal crops and negatively affecting energy sequestration, survival and reproduction of ladybeetles, provides a sufficient explanation for the observed population decline. Simulations further indicated that the population viability of C. septempunctata is highly dependent on availability of aphid prey in crops, in particular cereal, which serves as their major reproduction habitat. The results demonstrate how the abundance of naturally occurring predators, which are instrumental for biological pest control, depends upon the spatial resource template that are provided at the landscape scale.  相似文献   

肉鸡胸深肌病的发病率     

M.Bianchi  M.petracci  A.Franchini  C.Cavani  刘朝明  马洁莹 《国外畜牧学(猪与禽)》2007,27(5):40-43

通过一个试验,研究集约化饲养条件下不同屠宰日龄(47～65d)的两个商品肉鸡品系(罗斯508和Cobb500)胸深肌病(deeppectoralmyopathy,DPM)的发病率。试验在意大利一家一流的家禽加工厂进行,在为期6个月的试验期内随机从151个屠宰肉鸡群中选取120700羽肉用公鸡,根据胸小肌有无眼观肌病以及肌肉损伤的病变程度(分发病早期(表现为出血)和发病后期(灰色或绿色)对肉鸡的DPM进行评估。检测表明,各肉鸡群屠体的DMP总体发病率平均为0.84%(其中处于发病早期和发病晚期的屠体比例分别为0.62%和0.22%),各试验肉鸡群之间的DPM发病率波动幅度很大(0%～16.7%),另外处于发病早期和发病晚期的肉鸡所占比例变化也很大,分别为0%～12.0%和0%～5.6%;对两个肉鸡品种的DMP发病率比较后发现,罗斯508肉鸡的发病率高于Cobb500肉鸡(P≤0.01),该结果是由于罗斯508肉鸡的DMP发病早期(0.94%(罗斯508)对0.26%(Cobb500),P≤0.01)和发病后期(0.33%对0.09%,P≤0.01)比例均高于Cobb500肉鸡。  相似文献   

    

Bénassy C. und H. Bianchi 《Journal of pest science》1961,34(11):176

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

Bilateral Trochlear Nerve Palsy as a Consequence of Cerebellar Medulloblastoma: Clinical and Pathological Findings in a Calf          下载免费PDF全文

E. Bianchi  C. Bombardi  P. Bassi  M. Bolcato  A. Gentile  G. Militerno 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2015,29(4):1117-1121

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Physical and chemical responses of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) clones to colonization by Heterobasidion annosum as potential markers for relative host susceptibility     

Woodward S  Bianchi S  Bodles WJ  Beckett L  Michelozzi M 《Tree physiology》2007,27(12):1701-1710

Forty-one 2-year-old clones of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. from three full-sib families (14 clones from each of two families and 13 clones from a third family) were either wounded and inoculated with an isolate of Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. or wounded without inoculation. Lesion lengths on the inner bark from the point of inoculation varied among clones 35 days after treatment. There was no relationship between lesion length and relatedness within families. Two clones (21342 and 25202) with the shortest lesions, tentatively designated as less susceptible to H. annosum, and two clones (21176 and 27166) with the longest lesions, designated more susceptible, were selected for comparison of host anatomical and chemical responses to infection. The position and structure of the ligno-suberized boundary zone (LSZ) in the bark of the clones suggested that the less susceptible clones formed thicker layers of suberized cells in the LSZ following wounding plus inoculation. No LSZ was observed in two ramets of the more susceptible Clone 27166 following wounding and inoculation with H. annosum. Compared with more susceptible genotypes, clones of P. sitchensis with low susceptibility to H. annosum had high relative proportions of (+)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and one unidentified terpene constituent (Unknown-15) in cortical resin sampled 25 cm from the lesions. In contrast, more susceptible clones had higher relative proportions of (-)-limonene, Unknown-16, Unknown-18 and Unknown-19. In the secondary resin produced in bark tissues surrounding the lesions, proportions of several monoterpene constituents varied; these changes included a decrease in the relative amount of beta-phellandrene and corresponding small increases in some minor constituents. The concentrations of the monoterpenes, except a few minor constituents, increased in the infected tissues. Wounding plus inoculation with H. annosum resulted in varied monoterpene responses, with distinct differences between less susceptible and more susceptible clones. In less susceptible clones, Unknown-19 increased following wounding plus inoculation, whereas in more susceptible clones, concentrations of delta-3-carene and Unknown-13 and Unknown-16 increased. Differences in both constitutive and induced resin monoterpene profiles may provide useful markers for resistance to H. annosum in selection and breeding programs.  相似文献   

Patterns of wide‐scale substitution within meadows of the seagrass Posidonia oceanica in NW Mediterranean Sea: invaders are stronger than natives     

Monica Montefalcone  Giancarlo Albertelli  Carla Morri  Carlo Nike Bianchi 《水产资源保护:海洋与淡水生态系统》2010,20(5):507-515

• 1. The endemic seagrass Posidonia oceanica meadows in the Mediterranean Sea are presently facing invasion by alien algal species, especially where they are already showing signs of regression as a result of other stresses. Regressed meadows may be recolonized by native or alien macrophytes that take the place of P. oceanica.
• 2. The pattern and degree of substitution by either native (Cymodocea nodosa and Caulerpa prolifera) or alien (Caulerpa taxifolia and C. racemosa) species in 17 P. oceanica meadows along the coast of Liguria (Italy, NW Mediterranean) were investigated. The invaders were found to be stronger colonizers, in terms of habitat occupancy within meadows, than the natives.
• 3. A set of indices was used to quantify biological invasion within the seagrass ecosystem and to explore the relationship between the meadow's state of health and the replacement by substitutes. The ecological status of the receiving habitat was shown to play a major role in modulating the spread of substitutes.
• 4. Substitutes are thought likely to act simply as passengers of habitat degradation in deep meadows, where previous regression has increased the likelihood of their colonization, but could be the drivers for P. oceanica loss in shallow ones, where they settled even in healthy meadows thus starting the process of regression. Long term monitoring and sustained maintenance of healthy P. oceanica meadows appear to be the most effective management tools to contain the risk of ecological substitution. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Land use change drives the spatio-temporal variation of ecosystem services and their interactions along an altitudinal gradient in Brazil     

Gomes  Lucas Carvalho  Bianchi  Felix J. J. A.  Cardoso  Irene M.  Fernandes Filho  Elpídio I.  Schulte  Rogier P. O. 《Landscape Ecology》2020,35(7):1571-1586

Landscape Ecology - Land use and land cover (LULC) changes may affect the provision of ecosystem services. However, little is known how LULC changes influence the spatio-temporal variation in...  相似文献   

N3 potentials in response to high intensity auditory stimuli in animals with suspected cochleo-saccular deafness     

Bianchi E  Dondi M  Poncelet L 《Research in veterinary science》2006,81(2):265-269

We describe a previously un-reported vertex-negative potential evoked by high intensity click auditory stimuli in some dogs and cats with suspected cochleo-saccular deafness. Brainstem auditory evoked potential tracings from 24 unilaterally or bilaterally deaf animals, 22 dogs and 2 cats, among which 21 belonged to breeds with high prevalence of suspected or histologically confirmed cochleo-saccular deafness, were studied retrospectively. Values for latency, amplitude and threshold of this potential in dogs were 2.15+/-0.23 ms, 0.49+/-0.25 microV, and 91.9+/-4.7 dB NHL, respectively (mean+/-SD). Latency and threshold values in cats were in the mean+/-2 SD range of the dog values. Sensitivity to click stimulus polarity and to click stimulus delivery rate pointed towards a neural potential instead of a receptor potential. The vertex-negative wave observed in these animals shares all characteristics with the N3 potential described in some deaf humans with cochlear deafness, where it is presumed to arise from saccular stimulation. The combined degeneration of cochlea and sacculus usually reported in deaf white dogs and cats suggest that N3 may have a different origin in these species.  相似文献   

Spinal deformity in a sandtiger shark, Carcharias taurus Rafinesque: a clinical-pathological study     

Preziosi R  Gridelli S  Borghetti P  Diana A  Parmeggiani A  Fioravanti ML  Marcer F  Bianchi I  Walsh M  Berzins I 《Journal of fish diseases》2006,29(1):49-60

The present study investigated spinal deformity in a captive sandtiger shark and describes the clinical and histopathological features of the lesion. Clinically, the shark presented a marked spinal curvature in the region between the pectoral girdle and cranial dorsal fin. Radiographic studies revealed scoliosis and kyphosis of the vertebral column with a modification of the basic structure of five vertebrae. Post-mortem examination confirmed the results of radiographic studies and histological examination showed remodelling and cartilaginous proliferation of the vertebral bodies together with necrosis, haemorrhage and signs of a local chronic inflammatory response extending to the surrounding muscle. Different aetiologies are proposed and discussed but nutritional imbalance (dietary vitamin deficiency) and/or traumatic injury are considered the most likely contributing factors.  相似文献   

Oestrogen and Progesterone Receptors and COX‐2 Expression in Endometrial Biopsy Samples During Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy in Llamas (Lama glama)          下载免费PDF全文

CP Bianchi  A Meikle  MA Benavente  MA Álvarez  VL Trasorras  MH Miragaya  E Rodríguez  MA Aba 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2015,50(6):980-988

Endometrial expression of oestrogen receptor‐α (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR) and cyclooxigenase‐2 (COX‐2) was evaluated in non‐pregnant and pregnant llamas during the period when luteolysis/maternal recognition of pregnancy is expected to occur. Females (n = 28) were divided into two groups: non‐pregnant llamas were induced to ovulate with a Buserelin injection, and endometrial biopsies were obtained on day 8 (n = 5) or 12 (n = 5) post‐induction of ovulation. Animals of the pregnant group (n = 18) were mated with a fertile male. Pregnancy was confirmed by the visualization of the embryo collected by transcervical flushing in 5 of 9 animals on day 8 post‐mating and by progesterone profile on day 12 post‐mating in 4 of 9 animals, when endometrial biopsies were obtained. An immunohistochemical technique was used to evaluate receptors population and COX‐2 expression. Pregnant llamas showed a higher percentage of positive cells and stronger intensity for ERα than for non‐pregnant llamas in stroma on day 8 and in the luminal epithelium on day 12 post‐induction of ovulation, while a deep decrease in endometrial PR population was reported in pregnant llamas on that day in luminal and glandular epithelia and stroma. In the luminal epithelium, COX‐2 expression was lower in pregnant than in non‐pregnant animals. Briefly, the increase of ERα in pregnant llamas gives further support to the hypothesis that oestrogens are involved in the mechanism of maternal recognition of pregnancy. Endometrial PR decrease in pregnant llamas might be a necessary event to allow the expression of proteins involved in conceptus attachment, a mechanism widely accepted in other species. Moreover, embryo seems to attenuate maternal PGF_2α secretion during early pregnancy by decreasing the endometrial expression of COX‐2 in the luminal epithelium of pregnant llamas.  相似文献