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161.
Zhongyi Sun Xiufeng Wang Haruhiko Yamamoto Jiquan Zhang Hiroshi Tani Guosheng Zhong Shuai Yin 《Paddy and Water Environment》2017,15(1):181-191
Rice is the second largest staple crop in the world and therefore plays an important role in food security. As a thermophilic crop, rice is sensitive to temperature changes. Thus, research on the chilling damage of rice is essential. The Sanjiang Plain is an emerging rice production area and is located at high latitudes in China, the world’s largest rice-producing country. Landsat data were used to extract rice-planting area from 1985 to 2015. MODIS 13Q1, which was uniformly distributed during the growing period of rice, was used to obtain NDVI values of paddies during 2002–2015. Dynamic Identification Index of sterile-type chilling damage and monitoring standard of delayed-type chilling damage were the proposed methods used in this paper, which were used to judge the chilling damage of rice. The results show that in the study region, the rice-planting area in 2015 is nearly 12 times larger than that in 1985. Delayed-type chilling damage occurred in 2002 and 2009, while sterile-type chilling damage occurred in 2005, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2014, and 2015. Comparing with the prevalent meteorological standards, the results indicate that the index and standards proposed in this paper are precise, applicable, and more sensitive than them. The method is a macroscopic and accurate method to identify chilling damage in rice and can also provide a scientific basis to ensuring the stability of rice yield. 相似文献
162.
为了解普通小麦EST来源的微卫星的多样性,从大约1000个包含微卫星的ESTs中设计了300对引物,研究和评估了它们的多态性水平,并且将多态性标记加入到现有的遗传图谱中。在五种不同类型的重复单元中,三个碱基的重复单元出现最多,占到77%。几乎所有的EST—SSRs标记(99.3%)的重复单元都含有G-C碱基对。37.4%的微卫星都是四次重复。对于扩增和多态性,300对引物中有60对没有扩增,21.3%的扩增引物没能产生预期的扩增片断。58%的标记至少在所用8个材料的一个中显示出多态性。W7984和Opata组合表现出最高的多态性水平。大多数普通小麦EST—SSRs标记的重复次数小于10,并且4次重复是最为普遍的。81个新的EST—SSR位点被添加到两个已有的参照遗传图谱中(62个加到ITMI,19个加到CTCS)。研究结果表明小麦EST-SSRs标记展示了一些不同于基因组微卫星的特异特征,在标记发展和其他遗传应用中,这就使得它们能够成为一种非常有价值的资源。 相似文献
163.
Extensive Screening for Edible Herbal Extracts with Potent Scavenging Activity against Superoxide Anions 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
Saito K Kohno M Yoshizaki F Niwano Y 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(2):65-70
To search for edible herbal extracts with potent antioxidant activity, we conducted a large scale screening based on the superoxide scavenging activity. That is, scavenging activity against superoxide anions were extensively screened from ethanol extracts of approximately 1,000 kinds of herbs by applying an electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method. Among them we chose four edible herbal extracts with prominently potent ability to reduce the signal intensity of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO)-OOH, a spin adduct formed by DMPO and superoxide anion. They are the extracts from Punica granatum (Peel), Syzygium aromaticum (Bud), Mangifera indica (Kernel), and Phyllanthus emblica (Fruit), and are allowed to be used as foodstuffs according to the Japanese legal regulation. The ESR-spin trapping method coupled with steady state kinetic analysis showed that all of the four extracts directly scavenge superoxide anions, and that the superoxide scavenging potential of any of the extracts was comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid. Furthermore, polyphenol determination indicates that the activity is at least in part attributable to polyphenols. These results with such large scale screening might give useful information when choosing a potent antioxidant as a foodstuff. 相似文献
164.
ABSTRACT: This study assessed the stock-recruitment relationship (SRR) for the Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus in the North-western Pacific. Of the 20 SRR models investigated, the Akaike information criterion (AIC) was the minimum (AIC = 551.2) when the data were separated into two groups (A and B) and the log-normal distribution was applied as the error term. Group A was constructed with SRR data from 1976–1987 and 1992–2004. Group B consisted of data from 1988–1991. The AIC minimum model was R = 22.8 S × e ε for Group A, where R , S , and ε denote the recruitment of sardine (individual number of 0-year old fish), spawning stock biomass (SSB), and error term, respectively. This model indicated that recruitment was proportional to the SSB and that no density-dependent effect operated over the range of SSB investigated (51 000–11.3 million t). Recruitment was markedly higher (lower) when the sea surface temperature (SST) of the Kuroshio Extension area in February was low (high). The essential SRR can simply be expressed as R = 22.8 S × e ε with the level of recruitment deviating from the model to a greater or lesser degree depending on the environmental conditions. 相似文献
165.
Sung Il Lee Kerim Y. Aydin Paul D. Spencer Thomas K. Wilderbuer Chang Ik Zhang 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(3):411-434
We evaluated the role of flatfishes in the organization and structure of the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem using the Ecopath/Ecosim
approach. As basic input data for the Ecopath/Ecosim model, we used estimates of biomass from bottom trawl surveys and age-structured
population models, production/biomass (P/B) ratio, consumption/biomass (Q/B) ratio, diet composition (DC), and fisheries harvests for each component of species or species groups. We estimated the trophic
level of each component, niche overlaps among flatfishes, and the impacts of competition and predation on flatfish species
in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem. Based on those estimates, we developed the tropho-dynamic structure of the ecosystem,
and the model was used to simulate ecological effects of fishery exploitation patterns. No single flatfish species appeared
to have a profound and uniquely important role in the organization and structure of the ecosystem. Instead, the most important
component among the guild of flatfish species appeared to be yellowfin sole Pleuronectes asper, which had greater biomass than other flatfish and a relatively diverse diet among the small flatfish species. Pacific halibut
Hippoglossus stenolepis, Greenland turbot Reinhardtius hippoglossoides, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias were important keystone predators in the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem together with some groups of marine mammals and sea
birds. Intra flatfish complex cannibalism was not observed, however, substantial diet overlaps were common in the flatfish
guild system. 相似文献
166.
Aki Namba Yuya Shigenobu Masahiro Kobayashi Takanori Kobayashi Ichiro Oohara 《Fisheries Science》2010,76(5):873-878
To construct high-quality 16S rDNA clone libraries for microbial communities associated with Porphyra yezoensis and to minimize the detection of rDNA from leafy gametophytes of P. yezoensis, we designed a new 16S rDNA universal primer (75F). Of the clones prepared using 75F, which was designed to distinguish between
bacteria and P. yezoensis, 95% were classified into four groups, namely, β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Lentisphaerae, and Flavobacteria. PCR-based analysis of the 16S rDNA primer constructed in this study can be used to implement 16S rDNA-based methodologies
for the investigation of microbial community composition and diversity related to the Porphyra group. 相似文献
167.
Aurelija Samuiloviene Antanas Kontautas Riho Gross 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2009,35(4):649-659
The genetic diversity and differentiation of sea trout were studied in three river basins in Lithuania: Akmena-Dane, Bartuva,
and Nemunas. A total of 282 individuals were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. A similar level of genetic diversity
was found in all of the populations studied: mean allelic richness ranged from 3.64 to 5.03, and average expected heterozygosity
ranged from 0.588 to 0.721. Significant genetic divergence was observed among the different river basins as well as between
populations within the drainages. All pairwise F
ST values were highly significant, ranging from 0.027 to 0.197. The analysis of molecular variance showed rather weak hierarchical
population structuring within the Nemunas basin, which may be explained by extensive gene flow among different river basins
or, alternatively, reflect the influence of artificial breeding. Information on genetic diversity and differentiation of the
Lithuanian sea trout populations will be useful for future management decisions. 相似文献
168.
ABSTRACT: The present study reports the annual variation in consumption of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius by avian predators on a rocky shore where the culture of sea urchins has been conducted. Carrion crow and a few gull species were the most abundant avian predators and consumed a large number of sea urchins. Crows consumed mostly natural sea urchins, approximately 36 kg ww/ha per year on the intertidal rocky bench, but the gull species consumed mostly cultured sea urchins, approximately 100 kg ww/ha per year in the culture area. The seasonal variation in the amount of sea urchins consumed by crows was higher than that by the gull species, presumably because of the difference in foraging behavior in association with the seasonal tidal cycle. The natural sea urchins consumed are an allochthonous input from the subtidal to the intertidal habitat, and thus, crow predation may not affect the natural and the cultured populations of the sea urchin. The gull species consumed much of the cultured sea urchin, and thus, may be regarded as an effective predator causing damage to sea urchin culture. The results suggest that further studies are needed to determine why the gull species selectively feed on cultured sea urchins. 相似文献
169.
Yong-Xin Liu Gui-Xing Wang Yu-Fen Wang Fei Si Zhao-Hui Sun Xiao-Yan Zhang Jia-Di Wang Hai-Jin Liu 《Fisheries Science》2011,77(1):87-93
To estimate genetic parameters of growth traits in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, full-sib and half-sib families were produced in three consecutive years at the Beidaihe Central Experiment Station in China.
Each year 8–28 families were produced. The body weight, body length and body depth at 180, 240, and 360 days of age were measured
for 5,224 individuals. Four animal models were used to examine the phenotypic variation of growth traits and were compared
using the likelihood ratio test. The results showed that estimates for additive genetic effect heritabilities varied greatly
depending on the model, trait and age. The maternal effect had a significant impact on phenotypic variation only for body
depth at 180 days of age, which explained 49% of the phenotypic variance. The ratio of full-sib effect to phenotypic variation
ranged from 0.09 to 0.22. Growth traits all exhibited low heritability (0.13–0.39), indicating that there is the potential
for family selection breeding for these traits in Japanese flounder. Using the full model with the fixed, full-sib family,
additive and maternal genetic effects, genetic correlations among the three traits for fish of the same age were estimated
to be more than 0.80. Generally, the genetic correlations gradually increased as age increased. 相似文献
170.