Comparison of 99mTcO4(-) trans-splenic portal scintigraphy with per-rectal portal scintigraphy for diagnosis of portosystemic shunts in dogs     

Sura PA  Tobias KM  Morandi F  Daniel GB  Echandi RL 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2007,36(7):654-660

Objective— To evaluate trans-splenic portal scintigraphy (TSPS) and per-rectal portal scintigraphy (PRPS) for diagnosis of congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) in dogs, and compare these results with surgical findings.
Study Design— Prospective, randomized cross over clinical trial.
Animals— Dogs (n=42) with suspected CPSS.
Methods— Dogs had TSPS and PRPS 48 hours apart; quantity of radionuclide administered was recorded. Three independent, blinded reviewers evaluated each scintigraphic study for study quality, shunt presence, number, and location of shunt termination (caudal vena cava, azygos vein). All dogs had exploratory celiotomy. Negative scintigraphic findings were confirmed with intraoperative mesenteric portography. Ameroid constrictors were placed on all extrahepatic CPSS, and hepatic biopsies were obtained.
Results— TSPS was 100% sensitive and specific for diagnosis of CPSS and significantly ( P <.05) more likely than PRPS to detect shunt number and termination. Interpretation was consistent between observers, and TSPS required significantly less radionuclide than PRPS.
Conclusion— TSPS was as sensitive as PRPS for detection of shunting vessels, and consistently yielded studies of higher quality, allowing detection of shunt number and location with consistent interpretation among radiologists.
Clinical Relevance— TSPS provides information about shunt number and location, which allows improved surgical planning. Because it requires significantly less radionuclide, TSPS improves safety, allows for more comprehensive patient care, and earlier surgical intervention.  相似文献   

Chemical Composition of Air, Soil and Vegetation in Forests of the Silesian Beskid Moutains, Poland     

A. Bytnerowicz  S. Godzik  M. Poth  I. Anderson  J. Szdzuj  C. Tobias  S. Macko  P. Kubiesa  T. Staszewski  M. Fenn 《Water, air, and soil pollution》1999,116(1-2):141-150

For the first time concentrations of trace nitrogenous (N) air pollutants, gaseous nitric acid (HNO₃), nitrous acid (HNO₂), ammonia (NH₃), and fine particulate nitrate (NO₃) and ammonium (NH₄), were measured in the montane forests of southern Poland. Determinations were performed in two forest locations of the Silesian Beskid Mountains in the western range of the Carpathian Mountains, and in an industrial/urban location in Karowice, Poland. The measurements performed in summer 1997 with honeycomb denuder/filter pack systems showed elevated concentrations of the studied pollutants. These findings agree with the low carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios and the results of ¹⁵N analyses of soil and moss samples. High concentrations of N air pollutants help to explain previously determined high levels of NO₃ and NH4 deposition to Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.) canopies in these mountains. Ambient concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) were elevated and potentially phytotoxic. Deficiencies of phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in Norway spruce foliage were found while concentrations of other nutrients were normal.  相似文献   

IMAGES IN MEDICINE A RARE EXAMPLE OF AN AUTOSAGITTOGRAM     

Tobias  Schwarz  MA  Dr. med. vet.  Leigh  Griffiths  MA  vetMB  Martin  Sullivan  BVMS  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(5):523-523

  相似文献   

Geosmin depuration from European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is not affected by the water renewal rate of depuration tanks          下载免费PDF全文

Edward Schram  Tobias van Kooten  Jan W van de Heul  Johan W Schrama  Johan A J Verreth  Albertinka J Murk 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(9):4646-4655

This study established that geosmin depuration from European eel is not affected by the water renewal rate of depuration tanks. A general fish bioaccumulation model extended with terms that account for effects of tank water renewal rate and system losses of chemicals, predicted strong effects of the water renewal rate of depuration tanks on geosmin depuration from European eel. Model predictions were validated in a depuration experiment with geosmin‐loaded European eel (n = 95) with a mean (SD) individual weight of 134.4 (5.0) g and a mean (SD) lipid content of 33.7 (2.8) % (w/w). Fish were depurated for 24, 48 or 72 h at three different tank water renewal rates (0.3, 3.3 and 33 day^?1). Treatments were installed by three different mean (SD) water flow rates (13.8 (1.3), 143.5 (9.2) and 1511 (80) L kg fish^?1 day^?1) over 30‐L tanks. Eels eliminated geosmin from their bodies, but unlike the model predicted, this was independent of the water renewal rate of the depuration tanks. Although being eliminated from the fish, geosmin hardly appeared and certainly did not accumulate in the water of the depuration tanks as the model predicted. This observation may be explained by geosmin being eliminated from eel as metabolite rather than the parent compound. Geosmin elimination from eel seems not to occur according to the generally accepted passive diffusion mechanism for excretion of lipophilic chemicals, and geosmin biotransformation by the eel seems indicated. Clearly geosmin depuration from European eel cannot be enhanced by increasing water renewal rates of depuration tanks.  相似文献   

Differences in substrate use efficiency: impacts of microbial community composition,land use management,and substrate complexity     

Tobias Bölscher  Lars Wadsö  Gunnar Börjesson  Anke M. Herrmann 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2016,52(4):547-559

  相似文献   

Effects of salinity on osmoregulation,growth and survival in Asian swamp eel (Monopterus albus) (Zuiew 1793)     

Pil Birkefeldt Møller Pedersen  Kasper Hansen  Do Thi Thanh Houng  Mark Bayley  Tobias Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2014,45(3):427-438

The Asian swamp eel Monopterus albus is normally considered a freshwater species, but can also occasionally be found in brackish water. It is an obligate air‐breather with highly reduced gills, making its osmoregulation physiology interesting because the gills normally represent the primary site of osmoregulation in teleosts. Being a popular fish for human consumption, the swamp eel is cultured extensively in freshwater ponds in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. However, very little is known about its salinity tolerance, which is becoming topical due to the increasing salt‐water intrusions into tropical deltas. We therefore studied how increased salinity affects survival, growth, blood pressure, heart rate, blood osmolality and plasma ions. All eels survived prolonged exposure to 5 and 10 g L^?1, although plasma osmolality increased significantly at 10 g L^?1. Further elevation to 15 and 20 g L^?1 was associated with significantly elevated mortality, with a corresponding increase in plasma osmolality and ion con‐centrations. Our results show that swamp eels thrive in 0–10 g L^?1 with an optimum growth between 0 and 9 g L^?1, indicating that utilization of low saline brackish waters for aquaculture is possible.  相似文献   

Molecular genetic characterization of Central European soybean breeding germplasm     

Volker Hahn  Tobias Würschum 《Plant Breeding》2014,133(6):748-755

Soybean is the most important oilseed and protein crop worldwide, but in Europe, the acreage is comparably low. Thus, Europe strongly depends on imports of soy products and consequently recent efforts aim at expanding the acreage of soybean, particularly in Central Europe. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assist these breeding efforts by characterizing Central European soybean germplasm, employing a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach yielding 7741 genomewide distributed markers. Our analysis on genetic diversity and population structure revealed that the Central European lines are most closely related to Swiss and Canadian lines and somewhat more distant from the investigated Chinese and US lines. In addition, we analysed patterns of allelic diversity and the extent of linkage disequilibrium. Collectively, our results can assist breeding of Central European soybean and suggest that further progress can be made by crosses among adapted material but a long‐term success also requires introgression of alleles from non‐European germplasm to further broaden the genetic diversity and incorporate novel traits.  相似文献   

Comparison of critical limits for crop plant growth based on different indicators for the state of soil compaction     

Manfred Kaufmann  Silvia Tobias  Rainer Schulin 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(4):573-583

Soil compaction affects physical soil condition, in particular aeration, soil strength, and water availability and has adverse effects on plant growth. Bulk density is the most frequently used indicator to describe the state of compaction of a soil. However, this parameter lacks a direct functional relationship with plant growth. Various indicators have been proposed to simultaneously characterize the state of compaction of agricultural soil and its suitability for plant growth. This paper examines and compares the critical limits for crop plant growth based on three of these indicators: packing density, least limiting water range, and S parameter (the latter is the slope of the soil water‐retention curve in the inflexion point). In a first step, we reviewed the literature for published optimum and limiting values of bulk density and found that these values were highly dependent on clay and silt content. Converting them into corresponding values of packing density (composite index of bulk density and clay content), a value of 1.70 was found to effectively distinguish between optimum and limiting soil conditions for plant growth. In a second step, the packing density of 59 soil horizons sampled in N Switzerland was compared with the least limiting water range and the S parameter of these soil horizons (both determined by means of pedotransfer functions taken from the literature). A linear relationship between the three parameters was found, which allowed for a comparison of the published critical limits for plant growth based on these parameters. The critical limits of the three indicators, which had been postulated independently of each other in the literature, were found to agree well with each other. This means that all of them could equally be used to describe the compaction state of a soil and its physical suitability for plant growth. However, the proposed critical limits of packing density, least limiting water range, and S parameter still need further validation by field studies relating plant growth to soil compaction.  相似文献   

Removal of short‐range‐order minerals prior to grain‐size analysis of volcanic ash soils     

Andre Velescu  Tobias Meßmer  Thomas Scholten  Peter Kühn 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2010,173(6):799-804

Incomplete dispersion of aggregates is a well‐known difficulty when analyzing soil texture of Andosols, particularly if no fresh soil material is available. To facilitate such investigations, several dispersion procedures were carried out on air‐dried samples rich in short‐range‐order minerals, originating from selected Andosol profiles (S Mexico). As a result, we propose an improved method based on a sequential chemical treatment with K oxalate, NH₄ oxalate, and oxalic acid that reliably removes cementing agents and allows for a stable dispersion of soil particles after addition of Na pyrophosphate. This method was proved to be well reproducible and highly reliable for routine grain‐size determinations. The potential error caused by the inherent risk of dissolving primary minerals or fresh volcanic glass remains far beyond the analytical error resulting from the incomplete and irreproducible dispersion of highly resistant aggregates by other commonly used techniques.  相似文献   

How pollution legacies and land use histories shape post-communist forest cover trends in the Western Carpathians     

Magdalena Main-Knorn  Patrick Hostert  Jacek Kozak  Tobias Kuemmerle 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009

Forests that encompass the border triangle of Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia currently suffer from centuries of inadequate forest management strategies, including overexploitation during the countries’ respective communist regimes and high stress levels due to airborne emissions from heavy industry. Since the fall of the Iron Curtain, each country has approached forest monitoring, protection and the improvement of forest conditions in its own way. Spaceborne remote sensing of forest changes across country borders offers great potential for better understanding the underlying drivers of change and for developing comparable indicators between countries.  相似文献