Effects of Cu²⁺-exchanged montmorillonite on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities of Nile tilapia     

C.H. HU  Y. XU  M. S. XIA  L. XIONG  & Z.R. XU 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(3):281-288

A total of 360 Nile tilapia at an average initial body weight of 3.9 g were randomly allocated to four treatments, each of which had three replicates of 30 fish per tank and used to investigate the effects of Cu²⁺‐exchanged montmorillonite (Cu‐MMT) on intestinal microflora, digestibility and digestive enzyme activities. The dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet, (ii) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 MMT; (iii) basal diet + 30 mg kg^?1 copper as CuSO₄ (equivalent to the copper in the Cu‐MMT treatment group), or (iv) basal diet + 1.5 g kg^?1 Cu‐MMT. The results showed that supplementation with Cu‐MMT significantly improved growth performance as compared with the control and fish fed with Cu‐MMT had higher growth performance than those fed with MMT or CuSO₄. Supplementation with Cu‐MMT reduced (P < 0.05) the total intestinal aerobic bacterial counts and affected the composition of intestinal microflora with Aeromonas, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Acinetobacter, Alcaligence, Enterobacteriaceae decreasing as compared with the control. Addition of MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, and the activities of intestinal amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. Addition of Cu‐MMT improved (P < 0.05) the apparent digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, and crude ash, and the activities of total protease, amylase, lipase, and alkaline phosphatase as compared with the control. While supplementation with CuSO₄ had no (P > 0.05) effect on intestinal microflora, digestibility, and digestive enzyme activities the results showed that Cu‐MMT exhibited antibacterial activity in vivo resulting in a positive effect on digestive enzyme activities, and then promoted the digestion and absorption of dietary nutrition.  相似文献   

Apparent digestibility coefficients of selected protein feed ingredients for loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus          下载免费PDF全文

Z.J. Chu  D.H. Yu  Y.C. Yuan  Y. Qiao  W.J. Cai  H. Shu  Y.C. Lin 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2015,21(4):425-432

Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg^?1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg^?1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg^?1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300‐l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC‐values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets.  相似文献   

Gene Expression in Black Tiger Prawns Following Intramuscular Injection of β-gal Plasmid     

Z.H. Sulaiman  R.H. Ming Chan  P.M. Simanjuntak 《Aquaculture International》1999,7(5):333-340

Gene expression in black tiger prawns (Penaeus monodon) was studied following intra-muscular injection of CMVGal plasmid into the second abdominal segment. We used an in situ staining technique to detect -gal expression in one- and three-month-old injected prawns. We found that only one of the three-month-old prawns expressed the marker gene (2 days after injection), and the site of expression was confined to the sixth abdominal segment away from the injection site. We repeated the experiment on a new batch of three-month-old prawns, but using fluorometric determination technique. This time we found that -gal expression was detected (6/42) at the site of injection after 2, 7, and 14 days. In two other test samples, transgene expression was detected in the sixth abdominal segment only, further confirming the possibility of injected DNA dispersal. The results of the study also suggest that direct gene transfer is a feasible technique in black tiger prawns.  相似文献   

Habitat utilization and vertical movements of white marlin (Tetrapturus albidus) released from commercial and recreational fishing gears in the western North Atlantic Ocean: inferences from short duration pop-up archival satellite tags     

ANDRIJ Z. HORODYSKY  DAVID W. KERSTETTER  ROBERT J. LATOUR  JOHN E. GRAVES 《Fisheries Oceanography》2007,16(3):240-256

Researchers have applied numerous techniques to improve billfish stock assessments, including habitat‐based models that incorporate behavioral and oceanographic parameters to standardize historical catch‐per‐unit‐effort time‐series data. These methods have allowed researchers to account for significant changes in the depths of pelagic longline (PLL) gear deployments over time. This study presents habitat‐use data recovered from high‐resolution 5‐ and 10‐day pop‐up satellite archival tags (PSATs) attached to 47 surviving white marlin released from commercial and recreational fishing gears offshore of the U.S. East Coast, the northern Caribbean, and Venezuela between 2002 and 2004. Data recovered from transmitting tags indicated that white marlin spent nearly half of their time associated with warm, near‐surface waters (<10 m). All fish displayed frequent short duration (mean: 39.8 min) vertical excursions from surface waters to depths averaging 51 m. Qualitative and multivariate classifications of data from completely transmitted movements of surviving white marlin revealed two major types of descents: one pattern was characterized by deep ‘V’‐shaped excursions of relatively short duration (mean: 23.4 min) while the other featured descents that were more broadly ‘U’‐shaped and confined to a specific depth range for an extended period of time (mean: 75.8 min). Based on the frequency, persistence, and patterns of these vertical movements, white marlin appear to direct a considerable proportion of foraging effort well below surface waters, a behavior that may account for relatively high catch rates of white marlin on some deep‐set PLL deployments.  相似文献   

Identification of B-cell epitopes on the betanodavirus capsid protein   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Costa JZ  Adams A  Bron JE  Thompson KD  Starkey WG  Richards RH 《Journal of fish diseases》2007,30(7):419-426

The pepscan procedure was used to identify betanodavirus B-cell epitopes recognized by neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and serum samples obtained from sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax, naturally infected with betanodavirus. Pepscan was performed with a panel of thirty-four 12-mer synthetic peptides that mimicked the entire betanodavirus capsid protein. Sea bass serum samples reacted strongly with three regions of the capsid protein comprising amino acid residues 1-32, 91-162 and 181-212. The latter region was also recognized by neutralizing MAbs and coincided with a region of high antigenic propensity identified by an antigen prediction algorithm. These data suggest that a region of the betanodavirus capsid protein spanning amino acid residues 181-212 may represent a neutralization domain that could potentially be used to inform the development of nodavirus vaccines and immunodiagnostic reagents.  相似文献   

Tritium Distribution in Soil in the Area of “Atomic” Lake near the Semipalatinsk Test Site     

Timonova  L. V.  Lyakhova  O. N.  Lukashenko  S. N.  Aidarkhanov  A. O.  Kabdyrakova  A. M.  Serzhanova  Z. B. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2020,53(3):355-361

Eurasian Soil Science - Data on concentrations and distribution of tritium in soils of the “Atomic” Lake excavation explosion area of Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (Kazakhstan, East...  相似文献   

Evaluation of Assouline–Or Adjusted Model to Express Soil Drainage Curve     

Asadi  Z.  Mohammadi  M. H.  Shorafa  M.  Farhbakhsh  M.  Ghezelbash  E. 《Eurasian Soil Science》2020,53(6):749-759

Eurasian Soil Science - The objectives of this research are prediction of soil drainage curve using Assouline and Or (2014) adjusted soil drainage model and comparison of the predicted results with...  相似文献   

    

Z. 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1914,36(5):277-283

Ohne Zusammenfassung  相似文献   

分段螺旋式甘草茎秆揉切装置设计与试验     

温宝琴  王凯飞  坎杂  李景彬  李利桥  刘双印 《农业工程学报》2020,36(23):1-11

针对全混合日粮饲草料揉切需求,该研究设计了一种分段螺旋式甘草茎秆揉切装置,对分段螺旋叶片的主体结构和搅龙结构参数进行设计,建立了刃口曲线方程,分析了装置揉切机理,并试制了分段螺旋式甘草茎秆揉切装置试验台。以搅龙转速、加工时间、填充系数、刀片与底壳间隙为因素,以粒度、破节率、单位质量能耗为指标,开展四因素三水平Box-Behnken试验,对试验结果进行方差分析和二次回归拟合,得出各因素对粒度影响显著性由大到小为加工时间、搅龙转速、填充系数、刀片与底壳间隙;对破节率的影响显著性由大到小为加工时间、填充系数、搅龙转速、刀片与底壳间隙;对单位质量能耗的影响显著性由大到小为填充系数、加工时间、搅龙转速、刀片与底壳间隙。对交互影响因素进行响应曲面分析并进行参数优化验证试验,结果表明：当搅龙转速为25 r/min、加工时间为12 min、填充系数为0.46、刀片与底壳间隙为15 mm时,甘草茎秆的揉切粉碎粒度为11.76 mm,破节率为83.27%,此时单位质量能耗为9 959.82 J/kg,试验值与模型理论值误差不超过7%,参数优化模型合理,满足作业要求。研究结果可为全混合日粮搅拌机的研发提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Subcutaneous implantation of cortisone pellets in rheumatoid arthritis     

HENDERSON E  GRAY JW  WEINBERG M  MERRICK EZ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1951,114(2957):243

  相似文献