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In the present study, three pea Greek landraces Schinousa (AUASCHIN001), Andros (AUAANDRO001), and Amorgos (AUAAMORG001), and the commercial variety Onward were grown following either conventional or organic farming practices. The main objective of the study was to assess the suitability of these three landraces for organic cultivation as compared with a standard commercial variety. The total fresh pod yield produced by AUASCHIN001 and AUAAMORG001 was significantly lower than that obtained from ‘Onward’ and AUAANDRO001. Furthermore, the three landraces exhibited a higher competition to weeds than the commercial variety. Under organic farming conditions, AUASCHIN001 and AUAAMORG001 produced appreciably less shoot biomass than ‘Onward’ and this resulted in commensurate decreases in the total amount of BNF (biological nitrogen fixation) in their plant tissues, although the percentage of nitrogen (N) fixed from the atmosphere was significantly lower in ‘Onward’. AUAANDRO001 rendered the highest amounts of BNF in the organic farming systems, which was similar to that produced by ‘Onward’ in the conventional system. These results indicate that the tested landraces and especially AUAANDRO001 are more adaptable to low soil N levels and high weed competition, and thus they are more suitable for organic cultivation than ‘Onward’ which performs best in conventional cropping systems.  相似文献   
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Of the processes for converting natural gas into a more useful chemical feedstock, the oxidative coupling of methane to form ethane and ethylene (C(2)) has perhaps been the most intensively investigated in recent years, but it has proved extremely difficult to obtain C(2) yields in excess of 20 to 25%. Methane oxidative coupling was carried out in a separative chemical reactor that simulated a countercurrent chromatographic moving-bed. This reaction gives 65% methane conversion, 80% C(2) selectivity, and a C(2) yield slightly better than 50% with Sm(2)O(3) catalyst at approximately 1000 K.  相似文献   
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Fungal leaf blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae, is a devastating disease of rice plants that annually causes severe production losses worldwide and is one of the top 10 fungal diseases that threaten global food security. Thus, a reliable control strategy against this disease is essential. In this study, the antagonistic activity of indigenous phyllosphere actinomycetes was elucidated against P. oryzae in vitro and in planta to develop an efficient, effective and environmental friendly approach to protect rice plants against P. oryzae. Of 75 isolates of actinomycetes isolated from the rice phyllosphere, 18 isolates inhibited P. oryzae by >45%. According to analysis of their 16 S rRNA gene sequences, the majority of the 18 isolates belonged to Streptomyces genera; others were identified as belonging to Saccharothrix, Gordonia, or Lentzea. Isolates that potentially produced a bioactive compound(s) were identified among the 18 isolates: 17 isolates (94.44%) had a domain marker for nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene and 12 (66.67%) had type-I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene in their corresponding genome. Interestingly, isolates JSN1.9, SKB2.14, and SKB2.3 suppressed disease suppression by approximately 88%. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the application of rice-phyllosphere actinomycetes producing bioactive compounds to control leaf blast disease in Indonesia. Thus, these findings have escalated the potential application of phyllosphere actinomycetes as a supreme biocontrol agent against fungal leaf blast disease.  相似文献   
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