Intrinsic Tween 20 improves release and antilisterial properties of co-encapsulated nisin and thymol     

Xiao D  Gömmel C  Davidson PM  Zhong Q 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(17):9572-9580

Antimicrobial delivery systems have been proposed as potential solutions to improve effectiveness of antimicrobials in food matrixes by shielding antimicrobials from contacting food matrix components and releasing them continuously. In this work, spray-dried capsules were produced from zein solutions with the same concentrations of nisin and thymol but with varying Tween 20 contents for characterization of release kinetics of antimicrobials and antilisterial properties. At intermediate levels of Tween 20, sustained and more complete release of antimicrobials was observed at pH 6.0 and 8.0. Most capsule samples were more effective than free antimicrobials against Listeria monocytogenes in 2% reduced fat milk, and the best capsule treatment reduced the bacterial population by 2 log CFU/mL more than comparable free antimicrobials after 4 h incubation at 25 °C. Our work demonstrated that nonionic surfactant can be conveniently used to modulate characteristics of delivery systems to effectively improve antimicrobial functions in food systems.  相似文献   

Acute hemolytic reaction due to A‐B mismatched transfusion in a cat with transient AB blood type     

Amie Koenig  Christina H. Maglaras  Urs Giger 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2020,30(3):325-330

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Epidemiology and cost of Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations among patients with employer‐sponsored health insurance—United States, 2005–2014     

Amy M. Schwartz  Manjunath B. Shankar  Kiersten J. Kugeler  Ryan J. Max  Alison F. Hinckley  Martin I. Meltzer  Christina A. Nelson 《Zoonoses and public health》2020,67(4):407-415

An estimated 300,000 cases of Lyme disease occur in the United States annually. Disseminated Lyme disease may result in carditis, arthritis, facial palsy or meningitis, sometimes requiring hospitalization. We describe the epidemiology and cost of Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations. We analysed 2005–2014 data from the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Databases to identify inpatient records associated with Lyme disease based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐9‐CM) codes. We estimated the annual number and median cost of Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations in the United States in persons under 65 years of age. Costs were adjusted to reflect 2016 dollars. Of 20,983,165 admission records contained in the inpatient databases during the study period, 2,823 (0.01%) met inclusion criteria for Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations. Over half of the identified records contained an ICD‐9‐CM code for meningitis (n = 614), carditis (n = 429), facial palsy (n = 400) or arthritis (n = 377). Nearly 60% of hospitalized patients were male. The median cost per Lyme disease‐related hospitalization was $11,688 (range: $140–$323,613). The manifestation with the highest median cost per stay was carditis ($17,461), followed by meningitis ($15,177), arthritis ($13,012) and facial palsy ($10,491). Median cost was highest among the 15‐ to 19‐year‐old age group ($12,991). Admissions occurring in January had the highest median cost ($13,777) for all study years. Based on extrapolation to the U.S. population, we estimate that 2,196 Lyme disease‐related hospitalizations in persons under 65 years of age occur annually with an estimated annual cost of $25,826,237. Lyme disease is usually treated in an outpatient setting; however, some patients with Lyme disease require hospitalization, underscoring the need for effective prevention methods to mitigate these serious cases. Information from this analysis can aid economic evaluations of interventions that prevent infection and advances in disease detection.  相似文献   

Urine protein-to-creatinine ratio in cattle with subclinical renal disease     

Panagiotis D. Katsoulos  Labrini V. Athanasiou  Dimitra Psalla  Christina Marouda  Maria Papchianou  Anestis Tsitsos  Constantin Boscos  Zoe S. Polizopoulou 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2020,49(1):66-70

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(Methyl)Mercury,Arsenic, and Lead Contamination of the World’s Largest Wastewater Irrigation System: the Mezquital Valley (Hidalgo State—Mexico)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Guédron  Stéphane  Duwig  Céline  Prado  Blanca Lucia  Point  David  Flores  Marizol Giovana  Siebe  Christina 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2014,225(8):1-19

We investigate the potential of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict some heavy metals content (Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni) in several soil types in Stara Zagora Region, South Bulgaria, as affected by the size of calibration set using partial least squares (PLS) regression models. A total of 124 soil samples from the 0–20 and 20–40 cm layers were collected from fields with different cropping systems. Total Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr and Ni concentrations were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Spectra of air dried soil samples were obtained using an FT-NIR Spectrometer (spectral range 700–2,500 nm). PLS calibration models were developed with full-cross-validation using calibration sets of 90 %, 80 %, 70 % and 60 % of the 124 samples. These models were validated with the same prediction set of 12 samples. The validation of the NIR models showed Cu to be best predicted with NIR spectroscopy. Less accurate prediction was observed for Zn, Pb and Ni, which was classified as possible to distinguish between high and low concentrations and as approximate quantitative. The worst model performance in cross-validation and prediction was for Cr. Results also showed that values of root mean square error in cross-validation (RMSE_cv) increased with decreasing number of samples in calibration sets, which was particularly clear for Cu, Pb, Ni and Cr content. A similar tendency was observed in the prediction sets, where RMSEP values increased with a decrease in the number of samples, particularly for Pb, Ni and Cr content. This tendency was not clear for Zn, while even an increase in RMSEP for Cu with the sample size was observed. It can be concluded that NIR spectroscopy can be used to measure heavy metals in a sample set with different soil type, when sufficient number of soil samples (depending on variability) is used in the calibration set.  相似文献   

Frequency of Phaeosphaeria nodorum, the Sexual Stage of Stagonospora nodorum, on Winter Wheat in North Carolina     

Cowger C  Silva-Rojas HV 《Phytopathology》2006,96(8):860-866

ABSTRACT Ascocarps of Phaeosphaeria nodorum, which causes Stagonospora nodorum blotch (SNB) of wheat, have not been found by others in the eastern United States despite extensive searches. We sampled tissues from living wheat plants or wheat debris in Kinston, NC, each month except June from May to October 2003. Additional wheat samples were gathered in Kinston, Salisbury, and Plymouth, NC, in 2004 and 2005. For the 3 years, in all, 2,781 fruiting bodies were dissected from the wheat tissues and examined microscopically. Fruiting bodies were tallied as P. nodorum pycnidia or ascocarps, "unknown" (not containing spores, potentially P. nodorum or other fungi), or "other fungi." In the 2003 sample, asco-carps of P. nodorum were present each month after May at a frequency of 0.8 to 5.4%, and comprised a significantly higher percentage of fruiting bodies from wheat spikes than of those from lower stems and leaves. Ascocarps also were found at frequencies <10% in some wheat debris samples from 2004 and 2005. Analysis of the nucleotide sequences of internally transcribed spacer regions of 18 genetically distinct North Carolina isolates from 2003 suggested that all were P. nodorum, not the morphologically similar P. avenaria f. sp. triticea. Neither the 18 isolates from 2003 nor a set of 77 isolates derived from 2004 Kinston leaf samples gave reason to suspect a mating-type imbalance in the larger P. nodorum population (P >/= 0.4). We conclude that, in North Carolina, sexual reproduction plays a role in initiation of SNB epidemics and the creation of adaptively useful genetic variability, although its relative importance in structuring this population is uncertain.  相似文献   

Effects of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and tissue culture on storage lipids in Brassica napus     

Mia Schröder-Pontoppidan  Christina Dixelius  Kristina Glimelius 《Euphytica》2000,115(3):181-190

The variation obtained in storage fatty acids induced by the procedures of tissue culture and transformation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens was investigated and compared in rapeseed, Brassica napus, cv. Hanna. An increased variation in the fatty acid profiles was noted after tissue culture and transformation compared with plants derived directly from seeds. In the second generation of rapeseed transformants, T₂, the content of oleic acid ranged from 39–72%, 12–31% for linoleic acid and 7–16% for linolenic acid. This could be compared with the oleic acid content in the T₂ generation of tissue culture-derived plants which ranged between 47–76% and in seed-derived material where oleic acid ranged between 55–69%.In the T₃ generation the ranges in transgenic seeds were decreased but still larger than in the seed derived plants. The range in transgenic plants was 49–64% for oleic acid, 20–28% for linoleic acid and 9–18% for linolenic acid. The most extreme individuals, both highest and lowest in the common fatty acids, were found in the group of transformed plants independent of generation. The total lipid content was also affected by the two treatments and seeds with the lowest and highest lipid content were both found among the transformed plants. In conclusion, care should be taken to use proper controls when performing transformation experiments in order to distinguish variation in the fatty acid profiles induced by the transformation procedure and tissue culture treatments from the changes due to transgenic expression. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Identification and geographical distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in the poultry red mite Dermanyssus gallinae     

Evangelia Katsavou  Spyros Vlogiannitis  Eleanor Karp‐Tatham  Damer P Blake  Aris Ilias  Christina Strube  Ilias Kioulos  Wannes Dermauw  Thomas Van Leeuwen  John Vontas 《Pest management science》2020,76(1):125-133

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Is the skin an important exposure route for workers during cyanogen fumigation?     

Sharyn Gaskin  Leigh Thredgold  Dino Pisaniello  Michael Logan  Christina Baxter 《Pest management science》2020,76(4):1443-1447

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Eco‐efficiency as a strategy for optimizing the sustainability of pest management     

Roger D Magarey  Sarah SH Klammer  Thomas M Chappell  Christina M Trexler  Godshen R Pallipparambil  Ernie F Hain 《Pest management science》2019,75(12):3129-3134

Agricultural industrialization and the subsequent reliance on pesticides has resulted in numerous unintended consequences, such as impacts upon the environment and by extension human health. Eco‐efficiency is a strategy for sustainably increasing production, while simultaneously decreasing these externalities on ecological systems. Eco‐efficiency is defined as the ratio of production to environmental impacts. It has been widely adopted to improve chemical production, but we investigate the challenges of applying eco‐efficiency to pesticide use. Eco‐efficiency strategies include technological innovation, investment in research and development, improvement of business processes, and accounting for market forces. These components are often part of integrated pest management (IPM) systems that include alternatives to pesticides, but its implementation is often thwarted by commercial realities and technical challenges. We propose the creation and adoption of an eco‐efficiency index for pesticide use so that the broad benefits of eco‐efficient strategies such as IPM can be more readily quantified. We propose an index based upon the ratio of crop yield to a risk quotient (RQ) calculated from pesticide toxicity. Eco‐efficiency is an operational basis for optimizing pest management for sustainability. It naturally favors adoption of IPM and should be considered by regulators, researchers, and practitioners involved in pest management. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献