Nonlinear mixed‐effects pharmacokinetic modeling of the novel COX‐2 selective inhibitor vitacoxib in dogs     

Jianzhong Wang  Benjamin K. Schneider  Pan Sun  Xiaohui Gong  Jicheng Qiu  Jing Li  Yeon‐Jung Seo  Jonathan P. Mochel  Xingyuan Cao 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2019,42(5):530-540

The objective of this study was to develop a nonlinear mixed‐effects model of vitacoxib disposition kinetics in dogs after intravenous (I.V.), oral (P.O.), and subcutaneous (S.C.) dosing. Data were pooled from four consecutive pharmacokinetic studies in which vitacoxib was administered in various dosing regimens to 14 healthy beagle dogs. Plasma concentration versus time data were fitted simultaneously using the stochastic approximation expectation maximization (SAEM) algorithm for nonlinear mixed‐effects as implemented in Monolix version 2018R2. Correlations between random effects and significance of covariates on population parameter estimates were evaluated using multiple samples from the posterior distribution of the random effects. A two‐compartment mamillary model with first‐order elimination and first‐order absorption after P.O. and S.C. administration, best described the available pharmacokinetic data. Final parameter estimates indicate that vitacoxib has a low‐to‐moderate systemic clearance (0.35 L hr^?1 kg^?1) associated with a low global extraction ratio, but a large volume of distribution (6.43 L/kg). The absolute bioavailability after P.O. and S.C. administration was estimated at 10.5% (fasted) and 54.6%, respectively. Food intake was found to increase vitacoxib oral bioavailability by a fivefold, while bodyweight (BW) had a significant impact on systemic clearance, thereby confirming the need for BW adjustment with vitacoxib dosing in dogs.  相似文献   

Relative skeletal distribution of proliferating marrow in the adult dog determined using 3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[18F]fluorothymidine     

Joshua A. Rowe  Federica Morandi  Dustin R. Osborne  Jonathan S. Wall  Stephen J. Kennel  Robert B. Reed  Amy K. LeBlanc 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2019,48(1):46-52

3′‐deoxy‐3′‐[¹⁸F]fluorothymidine (¹⁸FLT) is a radiopharmaceutical tracer used with positron emission tomography (PET), often in combination with computed tomography (CT), to image DNA synthesis, and thus, cellular proliferation. Characteristic accumulation of the tracer within haematopoietic bone marrow provides a noninvasive means to assess marrow activity and distribution throughout the living animal. The present study utilizes three‐dimensional analysis of ¹⁸FLT‐PET/CT scans to quantify the relative skeletal distribution of active marrow by anatomic site in the dog. Scans were performed on six healthy, adult (3–6 years of age), mixed‐breed dogs using a commercially available PET/CT scanner consisting of a 64‐slice helical CT scanner combined with an integrated four ring, high‐resolution LSO PET scanner. Regions of interest encompassing 11 separate skeletal regions (skull, cervical vertebral column, thoracic vertebral column, lumbar vertebral column, sacrum, ribs, sternum, scapulae, proximal humeri, ossa coxarum, and proximal femora) were manually drawn based on CT images and thresholded by standardized uptake value to delineate bone marrow activity. Activity within each skeletal region was then divided by the total skeletal activity to derive the per cent of overall marrow activity within an individual site. The majority of proliferative marrow was located within the vertebral column. Of the sites traditionally accessed clinically for marrow sampling, the proximal humerus contained the largest percentage, followed by the ossa coxarum, proximal femur, and sternum, respectively. This information may be used to guide selection of traditional marrow sampling sites as well as inform efforts to spare important sites of haematopoiesis in radiation therapy planning.  相似文献   

Parenterally administered vancomycin in 29 dogs and 7 cats (2003‐2017)     

Ian M. DeStefano  Annie S. Wayne  Elizabeth A. Rozanski  Jonathan M. Babyak 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(1):200-207

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Longitudinal assessment of microbial dysbiosis,fecal unconjugated bile acid concentrations,and disease activity in dogs with steroid‐responsive chronic inflammatory enteropathy     

Blake C. Guard  Julia B. Honneffer  Albert E. Jergens  Michelle M. Jonika  Linda Toresson  Yuri A. Lawrence  Craig B. Webb  Steve Hill  Jonathan A. Lidbury  Joerg M. Steiner  Jan S. Suchodolski 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2019,33(3):1295-1305

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Intra‐operative imaging of surgical margins of canine soft tissue sarcoma using optical coherence tomography     

Laura E. Selmic  Jonathan Samuelson  Jennifer K. Reagan  Kelly J. Mesa  Elizabeth Driskell  Joanne Li  Marina Marjanovic  Stephen A. Boppart 《Veterinary and comparative oncology》2019,17(1):80-88

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a rapid non‐invasive imaging technique that has shown high sensitivity for intra‐operative surgical margin assessment in human breast cancer clinical trials. This promising technology has not been evaluated in veterinary medicine. The objective of this study was to correlate normal and abnormal histological features with OCT images for surgical margins from excised canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and to establish image evaluation criteria for identifying positive surgical margins. Fourteen client‐owned dogs underwent surgical resection of a STS and OCT imaging of 2 to 4 areas of interest on the resected specimen were performed. Following imaging these areas were marked with surgical ink and trimmed for histopathology evaluation. Results showed that different tissue types had distinct characteristic appearances on OCT imaging. Adipose tissue exhibited a relatively low scattering and a honey‐comb texture pattern. Skeletal muscle and sarcoma tissue were both dense and highly scattering. While sarcoma tissue was highly scattering, it did not have organized recognizable structure in contrast to muscle which showed clear fibre alignment patterns. In this investigation, we showed different tissue types had different and characteristic scattering and image texture appearances on OCT, which closely correlate with low‐power histology images. Given the differentiation between tissue types the results support that OCT could be used to identify positive surgical margins immediately following resection of STS. Further research is needed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of this method for surgical margin assessment.  相似文献   

Temporary abdominal packing for management of persistent hemorrhage after liver lobectomy in three dogs with hepatic neoplasia     

Natashia A. Evans  Robert J. Hardie  Julie Walker  Jonathan Bach 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2019,29(5):535-541

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Herbaceous Biomass Response to Prescribed Fire in Juniper-Encroached Sagebrush Steppe     

Jonathan D. Bates  Kirk W. Davies  Justin Bournoville  Chad Boyd  Rory O’Connor  Tony J. Svejcar 《Strength and Conditioning Journal》2019,72(1):28-35

Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis Hook.) has expanded into sagebrush steppe plant communities the past 130 ? 150 yr in the northern Great Basin. The increase in juniper reduces herbage and browse for livestock and big game. Information on herbaceous yield response to juniper control with fire is limited. We measured herbaceous standing crop and yield by life form in two mountain big sagebrush communities (MTN1, MTN2) and a Wyoming/basin big sagebrush (WYOBAS) community for 6 yrs following prescribed fire treatments to control western juniper. MTN1 and WYOBAS communities were early-successional (phase 1) and MTN2 communities were midsuccessional (phase 2) woodlands before treatment. Prescribed fires killed all juniper and sagebrush in the burn units. Total herbaceous and perennial bunchgrass yields increased 2 to 2.5-fold in burn treatments compared with unburned controls. Total perennial forb yield did not differ between burns and controls in all three plant communities. However, tall perennial forb yield was 1.6- and 2.5-fold greater in the WYOBAS and MTN2 burned sites than controls. Mat-forming perennial forb yields declined by 80 ? 90% after burning compared with controls. Cheatgrass yield increased in burned WYOBAS and MTN2 communities and at the end of the study represented 10% and 22% of total yield, respectively. Annual forbs increased with burning and were mainly composed of native species in MTN1 and MTN2 communities and non-natives in WYOBAS communities. Forage availability for livestock and wild ungulates more than doubled after burning. The additional forage provided on burned areas affords managers greater flexibility to rest and treat additional sagebrush steppe where juniper is expanding, as well as rest or defer critical seasonal habitat for wildlife.  相似文献   

A Comparative Study of Serum Biochemistry,Metabolome and Microbiome Parameters of Clinically Healthy,Normal Weight,Overweight, and Obese Companion Dogs     

Genevieve M. Forster  Jonathan Stockman  Noelle Noyes  Adam L. Heuberger  Corey D. Broeckling  Collin M. Bantle  Elizabeth P. Ryan 《Topics in companion animal medicine》2018,33(4):126-135

The aim of this study was to compare fecal microbiome, plasma, fecal and urine metabolomes, and serum biochemistry of adult companion dogs according to body condition scores. Blood, serum/plasma, urine, and fecal samples were collected from 66 clinically healthy, adult companion dogs of either normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), or obese dogs (OB). analyses included fecal microbiome analyses via 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon; sequencing, nontargeted plasma, fecal, and urine metabolomics using liquid chromatography/gas chromatography-mass; spectrometry, and serum biochemistry for each dog. Few significant differences in serum biochemistry and fecal microbiome Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) were found between weight groups and there was high OTU variation between individual dogs. NW dogs had higher relative abundance of the genus Eubacterium (log-fold change 4.3, adjusted P value?=?.003) and lower relative abundance of the family Bifidobacteriaceae (log-fold change ?3.6, adjusted P value?=?.02) compared to OB dogs. The microbiome of NW dogs had higher OTU richness compared with OB dogs. Metabolome analysis showed 185 plasma, 37 fecal, and 45 urine metabolites that significantly differed between NW and OW or OB dogs. There were notable significant differences in relative abundance of several plasma phospholipid moieties and fecal volatile fatty acids between weight phenotypes. The combinations of host and gut microbiota and metabolic shifts suggest a pattern that could help detection of early metabolic changes in overweight dogs before the development of obesity related disease. The results of this study support the need for continued investigation into sensitive measures of metabolic aberrancies in overweight dogs.  相似文献   

Tear fluid collection in dogs and cats using ophthalmic sponges          下载免费PDF全文

Lionel Sebbag  Danielle M. Harrington  Jonathan P. Mochel 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2018,21(3):249-254

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Modified cranial closing wedge ostectomy in 25 dogs          下载免费PDF全文

Jeffrey P. Christ DVM  Jonathan R. Anderson DVM  DACVS  Ada O. Youk PhD 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2018,47(5):683-691

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