Chitosan associated with whole raw soybean in diets for Murrah buffaloes on ruminal fermentation,apparent digestibility and nutrients metabolism     

Lais S. B. Dias  Dayane de S. Silva  Gleidson Giordano P. de Carvalho  Maria Leonor G. M. L. de Araújo  Fabiano F. da Silva  Mara Lúcia A. Pereira  Jefferson R. Gandra  Victor G. O. Lima  Antnio C. S. dos Santos  Lucas F. de A. Bulco  Vagner M. Leite  Jos Esler de Freitas Júnior 《Animal Science Journal》2020,91(1)

This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan and whole raw soybean on nutrient intake, apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilization, microbial protein synthesis, blood metabolites, feeding behavior, ruminal fermentation, digesta kinetics, and reticular flow of nutrients of buffaloes. Four ruminally‐cannulated Murrah buffaloes (351 ± 15 kg of initial BW) were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Treatments were arranged as 2 × 2 factorial arrangement: the first factor was whole raw soybean (WRS), and the second factor was chitosan (CHI) with or without their inclusion in diets. Intake and apparent digestibility of ether extract (p < .01; p = .04, respectively), non‐fiber carbohydrates intake (p = .03) and apparent ruminal digestibility of dry matter (p = .01) were affected by diets. An interaction effect or tendency was observed for microbial nitrogen (p = .09), concentrations, ruminal ammonia nitrogen (p = .05), total volatile fatty acid (p = .03). Association of chitosan with whole raw soybean has potential effects as a modulator of rumen fermentation; therefore, chitosan can be applied as an alternative non‐ionophore for Murrah buffaloes.  相似文献   

Paraoxonase-1 activity evaluation as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in horses and foals     

Beatrice Ruggerone  Saverio Paltrinieri  Alessia Giordano  Donatella Scavone  Irene Nocera  Riccardo Rinnovati  Alessandro Spadari  Licia Scacco  Paola Pratelli  Micaela Sgorbini 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2020,34(2):949-954

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Temporal and spatial propagule deposition patterns of the emerging fungal pathogen of chestnut Gnomoniopsis castaneae in orchards of north-western Italy     

Guglielmo Lione  Luana Giordano  Fabiano Sillo  Francesca Brescia  Paolo Gonthier 《Plant pathology》2021,70(9):2016-2033

Two chestnut (Castanea sativa) orchards of north-western Italy were sampled with passive spore traps 35 times over 24 months. Samples were analysed through a newly developed quantitative PCR assay to quantify propagule loads of the emerging fungal pathogen Gnomoniopsis castaneae. Average propagule deposition patterns were assessed along with temporal and climatic variables, including sampling month and season, temperatures, relative humidity, precipitations, and wind. Machine learning algorithms combining information theory, fractal analysis, unbiased recursive partitioning, ordinary least squares and logistic regressions, were used to model propagule deposition patterns. The trained models were validated on independent data gathered from 24 samplings conducted in a third chestnut orchard during the same timeframe. Results showed that propagule deposition rate (DR) was variable within and among sites, with a site average ranging from 173 to 765 spores ⋅m⁻² ⋅h⁻¹. Propagule deposition was observed across all seasons, although the DR dropped substantially during wintertime (p < 0.05). Mean, maximum, and minimum temperatures, the growing degree days at 0 and 5℃ thresholds, and wind gust were all positively correlated (p < 0.05) with DR of G. castaneae. The trained models were all significant (p < 0.05), as well as their validation (p < 0.05). Fluctuations of propagule deposition throughout the year were consistent among sites and proved to be driven by temperatures. Wind gust was associated with the overall amount of propagules deposited at site level. In future, the increase in temperatures and strong winds as a result of climate change may boost the spread of G. castaneae.  相似文献   

Establishment techniques affect productivity,nutritive value and atmospheric N2 fixation of two sunn hemp cultivars     

David M. Jaramillo  José C. B. Dubeux Jr  Joao M. B. Vendramini  Luana M. D. Queiroz  Erick R. S. Santos  Martin Ruiz-Moreno  Liza Garcia  Daciele Sousa de Abreu  Lucas Ramos de Miranda  Michelle Cristina Fernando de Siqueira 《Grass and Forage Science》2020,75(2):153-158

Nitrogen fertilization is a common practice for sustaining forage production in forage systems in southeastern United States. Warm-season annual legumes may be an alternative forage to warm-season perennial grasses that do not require N fertilization. Sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) is a fast-growing, warm-season annual legume native to India and Pakistan. The objective of this 2-year study was to assess the herbage accumulation (HA), atmospheric N₂ fixation (ANF) and nutritive value of sunn hemp. Treatments were the factorial arrangement of two sunn hemp cultivars (“Crescent Sun” and “Blue Leaf”), three seeding rates (17, 28 and 39 kg seed/ha) and seed inoculation (inoculated or non-inoculated seeds), distributed in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Crescent sun had greater HA (3,218 vs. 1764 kg DM/ha) and ANF (41 vs. 25 kg N/ha). Blue leaf had greater crude protein (CP) (188 vs. 176 g/kg) and in vitro digestible organic matter (IVDOM) concentrations (564 vs. 531 g/kg) than crescent sun. Non-inoculated seed had greater CP than inoculated seed, 188 and 177 g/kg, respectively, and inoculation did not affect HA. Intermediate seeding rate (28 kg/ha) decreased HA (2002 kg DM/ha), while HA from high and low seeding rates (17 and 39 kg/ha, respectively) did not differ (2,863 and 2,615 kg DM/ha respectively). Planting non-inoculated crescent sun at 17 kg/ha seeding rate is a feasible management practice to produce sunn hemp in subtropical regions; however, inoculation should always be recommended for proper establishment.  相似文献   

Ovicidal lectins from Moringa oleifera and Myracrodruon urundeuva cause alterations in chorionic surface and penetrate the embryos of Aedes aegypti eggs     

Robson RV Alves  Tatiana Soares  Elinaldo FL Bento  Ricardo S Roldan‐Filho  Brbara SS Souza  Marcele KN Lima  Jssica S Nascimento  Luana CBB Coelho  Roberto A S  Thmarah A Lima  Gabriel GA Gonalves  Fbio A Brayner  Luiz C Alves  Daniela MAF Navarro  Thiago H Napoleo  Patrícia MG Paiva 《Pest management science》2020,76(2):730-736

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Ingestive behaviour of steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cultivar Marandu and in feedlot in Brazil     

de Souza  Sinvaldo Oliveira  Silva  Robério Rodrigues  da Silva  Fabiano Ferreira  de Carvalho  Gleidson Giordano Pinto  da Silva  Ana Paula Gomes  da Silva  João Wilian Dias  Santos  Laize Vieira 《Tropical animal health and production》2019,51(8):2161-2166

Tropical Animal Health and Production - The objective of this study was to evaluate the ingestive behaviour of steers grazing Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and in feedlot regimen in Brazil....  相似文献   

Crude glycerin combined with sugar cane silage in lamb diets     

Carlos Alberto Alves de Oliveira Filho  José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo  Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho  Camilla Flávia Portela Gomes da Silva  Ícaro dos Santos Cabral  Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira  Larissa Gomes dos Reis  Flávio Moreira de Almeida  Lígia Lins Souza 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):289-295

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Nitrogen metabolism in lambs fed diets containing peach palm meal     

Alana Batista dos Santos  Mara Lúcia Albuquerque Pereira  Herymá Giovane de Oliveira Silva  Gleidson Giordano Pinto de Carvalho  Leandro Sampaio Oliveira Ribeiro  Taiala Cristina de Jesus Pereira  José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo  Larisse Borges Sousa  LeandroBorges Sousa  Paulo José Presídio Almeida 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(7):1491-1495

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Environmental degradation of the insect growth regulator methoprene: V. Metabolism by houseflies and mosquitoes     

Gary B. Quistad  Luana E. Staiger  David A. Schooley 《Pesticide biochemistry and physiology》1975,5(3):233-241

The metabolism of methoprene (I, isopropyl (2E,4E)-11-methoxy-3,7,11-trimethyl-2,4-dodecadienoate, trademark Altosid) was investigated in larval mosquitoes and houseflies. The most abundant primary metabolite in third- and fourth-instar Aedes and fourth-instar Culex larvae was the hydroxy ester while the hydroxy acid predominated in third-instar Musca larvae. Biological isomerization of the double bond at C-2 in I (i.e., conversion of (E) to (Z)) was an effective mode of insect detoxication, but these dipterans apparently cannot isomerize the (2Z) isomer of I to methoprene. In general, piperonyl butoxide and triorthocresyl phosphate slightly increased the morphogenetic activity of I in these insects.  相似文献   

Homocysteine measurement by an enzymatic method and potential role of homocysteine as a biomarker in dogs     

Silvia Rossi  Gabriele Rossi  Alessia Giordano  Saverio Paltrinieri 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2008,20(5):644-649

In humans, homocysteine (Hcy) is employed to monitor renal, cardiovascular, and other diseases and their complications. The aim of the current study was to define the analytical performances of an enzymatic method not yet validated in dogs for measuring homocysteine, and to assess the possible clinical usefulness of Hcy measurement. Using conventional approaches, the analytical performances were investigated by assessing, imprecision, inaccuracy, and interference of hemoglobin, triglycerides, and bilirubin. The possible clinical usefulness of Hcy determination was assessed by comparing the results of healthy dogs (n = 8) with those of dogs with heart disease (n = 10), inflammation (n = 6), gastrointestinal disorders (n = 7), neoplasia (n = 8), renal failure (n = 4), trauma (n = 7), and other miscellaneous diseases (n = 6). Preliminary evaluation of this enzymatic method showed it to be precise at Hcy levels close to or higher than the values in dogs with renal or cardiac disorders that had the highest Hcy levels. By contrast, at low Hcy levels, which were recorded basically in control dogs, the method suffers from high imprecision. The sample of choice is serum. The use of icteric samples should be avoided, while hemoglobin and lipids have only a minor effect on Hcy measurement. In conclusion, the enzymatic method employed in the current study provides useful information in dogs and could be used to monitor cardiac and renal disorders, in which Hcy concentrations are elevated.  相似文献