Effects of Reduced Carbonate Saturation State on Early Development in the Common Edible Sea Urchin Lytechinus variegatus: Implications for Land-Based Aquaculture     

Roberta C. Challener  James B. McClintock  Robert Makowsky 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):154-175

Land-based aquaculture facilities often utilize additional bicarbonate sources such as commercial sea salts that are designed to boost alkalinity in order to buffer seawater against reductions in pH. Despite these preventative measures, many facilities are likely to face occasional reductions in pH and corresponding reductions in carbonate saturation states due to the accumulation of metabolic waste products. We investigated the impact of reduced carbonate saturation states (Ω_Ca, Ω_Ar) on embryonic developmental rates, larval developmental rates, and echinoplutei skeletal morphometrics in the common edible sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus under high alkalinity conditions. Commercial artificial seawater was bubbled with a mixture of air and CO₂ gas to reduce the carbonate saturation state. Rates of embryonic and larval development were significantly delayed in both the low and extreme low carbonate saturation state groups relative to the control at a given time. Although symmetry of overall skeletal body lengths was not affected, allometric relationships were significantly different between treatment groups. Larvae reared under ambient conditions had significantly greater postoral arm and overall body lengths relative to body lengths than larvae grown under extreme low carbonate saturation state conditions, indicating that extreme changes in the carbonate system affected not only developmental rates but also larval skeletal shape. Reduced rates of embryonic development and delayed and altered larval skeletal growth are likely to negatively impact larval culturing of L. variegatus in land-based, intensive culture situations where calcite and aragonite saturation states are lowered by the accumulation of metabolic waste products.  相似文献   

Molecular mechanism regulating axoneme activation in marine fish: a review     

Loredana Zilli  Roberta Schiavone  Carlo Storelli  Sebastiano Vilella 《International Aquatic Research》2012,4(1):1-11

River Gomti, a tributary of river Ganga in northern India, is being polluted due to indiscriminate disposal of domestic sewage and industrial wastes that contain genotoxic chemicals. The study was conducted to evaluate the genotoxic potential of polluted water of river Gomti in two fish species, namely Channa punctatus and Mystus vittatus. The fishes were exposed in situ in nylon cages to the polluted water of river Gomti fixed near a distillery outlet located in Lucknow. The induction of DNA damage and micronuclei were determined in blood erythrocytes using comet assay and micronucleus test, respectively. The induction in micronuclei frequencies and DNA damage were found to be significantly elevated (p?<?0.01) in exposed specimens after 3?days post-exposure as compared to the control, i.e. from laboratory-acclimatized fish specimens. The comparison of DNA damage between the two species indicated that C. punctatus is more sensitive to aquatic pollutants. Thus, this fish could be used as a bio-indicator of genotoxicity for bio-monitoring of water bodies. The results further revealed that the river Gomti is being contaminated with potential genotoxic and mutagenic chemicals produced from industrial and domestic activities; therefore, immediate measures are needed to reduce the inflow of pollutants in the river.  相似文献   

Vibrio spp. Control at Brine Shrimp,Artemia, Hatching and Enrichment     

Juliana Aguiar Interaminense  Nathalia Ferreira Calazans  Bruna Critas do Valle  Joana Lyra Vogeley  Sílvio Peixoto  Roberta Soares  Jos Vitor Lima Filho 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2014,45(1):65-74

Experiments were conducted to evaluate different prophylactic methods to control the bacterial load in brine shrimp, Artemia, hatching. The first experiment evaluated three treatments to control Vibrio spp. during the Artemia hatching: microalgae (Chaetoceros calcitrans), probiotic (Bacillus spp.), and antibiotic (Florfenicol). In the second experiment, Artemia metanauplius were enriched in distinct treatments with C. calcitrans, probiotic, and emulsion rich in docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic fatty acids. Enriched Artemia metanauplius and nauplii (control) were offered to white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, postlarvae (PL₇–PL₁₉). Presumptive Vibrio were quantified in Artemia, PL, and rearing water. Microalgae and probiotic were effective to control Vibrio spp. in Artemia nauplii. The enrichment process increased the Artemia bacterial load but did not affect Vibrio load in L. vannamei.  相似文献   

Differential expression of molecular rust resistance components have distinctive profiles in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Coffea arabica</Emphasis> - <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hemileia vastatrix</Emphasis> interactions     

Geleta Dugassa Barka  Eveline Teixeira Caixeta  Robson Ferreira de Almeida  Samuel Mazzinghy Alvarenga  Laércio Zambolim 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2017,149(3):543-561

Countering the economic hurdle caused by coffee leaf rust disease is most appealing at this time as it has posed a major threat to coffee production around the world. Establishing differential expression profiles at different times following pathogen invasion in both innate and acquired immunities unlocks the molecular components of resistance and susceptibility. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to identify genes differentially over-expressed and repressed during incompatible and compatible interactions between Coffea arabica and Hemileia vastatrix. From 433 clones of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequenced, 352 were annotated and categorized of which the proportion of genes expressed during compatible interaction were relatively smaller. The result showed upregulation and downregulation of various genes at 12 and 24 h after pathogen inoculation in both interactions. The use of four different databases in searching for gene homology resulted in different number of similar sequences. BLASTx against EMBL-EBI (European Molecular Biology Laboratory-European Bioinformatics Institute) database being with the maximum (100%) hits for all the annotated sequences. RT-qPCR analysis of seven resistance-signaling genes showed similar expression patterns for most of the genes in both interactions, indicating these genes are involved in basal (non-specific) defense during which immune reactions are similar. Using SSH, we identified different types of resistance related genes that could be used for further studies towards resistant cultivar development. The potential role of some of the resistance related proteins found were also discussed.  相似文献   

Antimycotic effectiveness against dermatophytes: comparison of two in vitro tests     

Galuppi  Roberta  Gambarara  Alessandra  Bonoli  Cristina  Ostanello  Fabio  Tampieri  Maria Paola 《Veterinary research communications》2010,34(1):57-61

Seven antimycotic drugs (econazole, enilconazole, fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and miconazole) were tested against 36 dermatophyte strains (19 M. canis, 7 T. mentagrophytes, 5 M. gypseum, 2 M. cookei, 1 T. rubrum, 1 T. ajelloi, and 1 T. terrestre) isolated from animals, humans, and the environment. Two in vitro methods were compared: a micro-dilution test based on the CLSI M38-A method, and a disk-diffusion test. Fluconazole was not effective in vitro against the dermatophytes. Econazole and enilconazole were the most effective. Thirteen strains were griseofulvin-resistant. The correlation between the two methods was statistically significant for enilconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and miconazole.  相似文献   

The essential oil of Eucalyptus tereticornis, and its constituents α- and β-pinene,potentiate acetylcholine-induced contractions in isolated rat trachea     

Francisco J.B. Lima  Teresinha S. Brito  Walter B.S. Freire  Roberta C. Costa  Maria I. Linhares  Francisca C.F. Sousa  Saad Lahlou  José H. Leal-Cardoso  Armênio A. Santos  Pedro J.C. Magalhães 《Fitoterapia》2010

The effects of the essential oil of Eucalyptus tereticornis (EOET), especially the effects of its constituents α- and β-pinene, were studied on rat trachea in vitro. In tracheal rings, EOET, α- or β-pinene potentiated the contractions induced by acetylcholine (ACh). Contractions induced by K⁺ (60 mM) were also potentiated by α- and β-pinene, but were reduced by EOET. Our findings show that EOET has myorelaxant effects on rat airways, but potentiates ACh-induced contractions. Monoterpenes α- and β-pinene are involved in its potentiating actions, but are not responsible for its myorelaxant effects. A putative inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme is involved.  相似文献   

Cadaveric sperm viability in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei          下载免费PDF全文

Thaís Castelo‐Branco  Bruna Paula Torres Quinto  Roberta Soares  Maria Madalena Pessoa Guerra  Silvio Peixoto 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(10):3350-3351

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Performance and Ruminal Characteristics of Beef Cattle Fed Four Different Hybrids Sorghum Silages     

Andreia Santos  Cezario Odilon  Gomes Pereira  Sebastiao de  Campos Valadares  Filho Karina  Guimarfies Ribeiro  Stefanie Alvarenga  Santos Wender  Ferreira de  Souza 《农业科学与技术》2013,(4):312-320

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Evaluation of Physicochemical,Microbiological and Sensory Stability of Frozen Stored Vacuum-Packed Lamb Meat     

Rafaella de Paula Paseto Femandest  Maria Teresa de Alvarenga Freire  Celso da Costa Carrer  Marco Antonio Trindade 《农业科学学报》2013,12(11):1946-1952

Nowadays, lamb meat represents only 7% of all meat produced in the world. In recent years the demand for standardized lamb meat cuts has been considered of great importance and the marketing occurs predominantly in the form of frozen cuts. Herewith, the main of this work was to evaluate the stability and safety of lamb meat during frozen storage. Meats were vacuum packed in high barrier multilayer plastic iflms and stored during 12 mon at （-18±1）℃. The meat stability was assessed by physical and chemical （lipid oxidation, objective color, pH value, cooking losses and instrumental texture）, microbiological （total count of psychrotrophic, coliform count at 45℃, coagulase-positive staphylococci and the presence of Salmonella） and sensory analysis （acceptance test and visual evaluation）. The vacuum packed lamb meat remained stable as to most physical and chemical indexes. Microbiological indexes showed good stability throughout the storage period according to Brazilian legislation standards to pathogenic microorganisms. Although a signiifcant reduction in tenderness （shear force increase from 3 to 8 kg）, it showed a good sensorial acceptance for all attributes tested, including texture, with scores of around 7 （like moderately） during the 12 mon of storage. Therefore, it can be concluded that, under the conditions applied in this study, lamb meat presents a shelf life of at least 12 mon when stored at-18℃.  相似文献   

First report of the use of meglumine antimoniate for treatment of canine leishmaniasis in a pregnant dog     

Spada E  Proverbio D  Groppetti D  Perego R  Grieco V  Ferro E 《Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association》2011,47(1):67-71

Canine leishmaniasis during pregnancy is rarely reported, even in countries where the infection in dogs is endemic. The authors report a case of a 4 yr old bitch with leishmaniasis treated with meglumine antimoniate during pregnancy. The pregnancy and delivery were normal and the bitch presented improvement of the infection during treatment. Three puppies died within 2 days of birth and tested negative via real-time PCR for L. infantum. The two surviving puppies were followed clinically, serologically, and by real-time PCR until 1 yr of age with no evidence of congenital leishmaniasis. L. infantum DNA was detected with real-time PCR analysis of uterine tissue from the bitch at the time of ovariohysterectomy. PCR analysis was performed after an ovariohysterectomy of the bitch that was performed two months after parturition. Meglumine antimoniate use in the pregnant bitch may have prevented vertical transmission of leishmaniasis.  相似文献