Nutrient requirements and low-cost balanced diets,based on seasonally available local feedstuffs,for local pigs on smallholder farms in Western Kenya     

Natalie Ann Carter  Catherine Elizabeth Dewey  Lian Francesca Thomas  Ben Lukuyu  Delia Grace  Cornelis de Lange 《Tropical animal health and production》2016,48(2):337-347

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Molecular cloning of a Mycoplasma meleagridis-specific antigenic domain endowed with a serodiagnostic potential     

Mardassi BB  Béjaoui Khiari A  Oussaief L  Landoulsi A  Brik C  Mlik B  Amouna F 《Veterinary microbiology》2007,119(1):31-41

A recombinant phage library harbouring Mycoplasma meleagridis (MM) genomic DNA fragments was generated in the bacteriophage lambda gt11 expression vector. The library was screened for expression of MM specific antigens with a polyclonal antiserum that had been preadsorbed with antigens of the most common unrelated avian mycoplasma species. A 49-amino acid antigenic domain unique to MM was isolated, expressed in Escherichia coli, and its serodiagnostic potential was demonstrated. An antiserum raised against this MM-specific antigenic domain recognized a cluster of seven membrane-associated MM proteins with molecular masses ranging from 34 to 75 kDa. Overall, this study resulted in the identification of a potent serodiagnostic tool and revealed the complex antigenic nature of MM.  相似文献   

High-resolution ultrasonography of xenografted domestic cat ovarian cortex     

Fassbender M  Hildebrandt TB  Paris MC  Colenbrander B  Jewgenow K 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2007,53(5):1023-1034

Transplantation of ovarian tissue has high potential for female gamete conservation. However, optimal timing of oocyte recovery for in vitro maturation and fertilization is still critical. Therefore the aim of the present study was to use high-resolution transcutaneous ultrasonography to monitor follicular development within xenografted ovarian tissue. Ovarian cortex fragments (n=44) from domestic cats were transplanted into athymic nude rats (n=12). Graft development in the animals was assessed weekly by high frequency ultrasound (10-22 MHz) under two different FSH regimes. Blood collection for serum estradiol determination and vaginal smears were performed simultaneously. The xenografts were removed at different time points according to the ultrasound findings. The survival rate of the transplants 4 weeks after surgery was 54.5% and antral follicular growth was observed within 10 grafts from 5 different hosts (8.6 +/- 6.43 follicles per graft). Early follicle antrums could be detected from 0.4 mm onwards. The growth rate of the antral cavity was calculated from weekly measurements (0.56 +/- 0.44 mm per week). Although vaginal cells and estradiol levels followed a cyclic pattern, no correlation was found between follicular diameter, estradiol and keratinized vaginal cells. We recovered 5, 1 and 4 cumulus oocyte complexes from three different individuals during weeks 19, 21, and 23 respectively. Extrusion of a polar body (1 oocyte) and germinal vesicle break down (7 oocytes) indicated progression of maturation after in vitro culture. We conclude that ultrasonography und provided a reliable method to examine xenograft survival and follicular development within the grafts. Furthermore, this technique is suitable for assessment of the efficiency of hormonal treatment and narrowing of the optimal time frame for oocyte retrieval. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the in vivo development of early antral follicles in mammalian species.  相似文献   

The effect of salinity on corn yield using the CERES-maize model     

José Beltrão  Jiftah Ben Asher 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1997,11(1):15-28

In most cases, when calculating soil water availability, only thewater content is considered. The effect of salinity on the wiltingpoint is neglected. The objective of this work is to use asimulation model (CERES-maize) in order to predict cornyields as a function of water salinity under severalenvironmental, agrotechnical, and plant characteristics. A modelis presented in which the wilting point is a function of the soilsalt content. At high salinity, the water content at wilting pointis higher than at low salinity, resulting in an insufficient amountof available water and, therefore, a reduced yield. The modelwas used to simulate several theoretical and experimentalsituations for forage corn and grain corn. Simulation resultsshowed that nitrogen fertilization increases the salinity thresholdvalue and the yield sensitivity (rate of yield reduction per unitof salinity). The also showed that forage corn is more sensitiveto salinity than grain corn. If the soil is not leached, a heaviersoil texture has a higher salinity threshold value. On the otherhand, if the soil is leached, the soil texture has no influence onthe salinity threshold value and the yield is less sensitive tosalinity in sandy soils. The determination coefficient (r²= 0.75) indicated that the results of the simulations were in goodagreement with the field data.  相似文献   

Simulated water and solute distribution from a crossed triple line-source     

D. A. Magnusson  J. Ben Asher 《Irrigation Science》1990,11(1):31-36

Summary Multivariable irrigation experiments are usually expensive and seldom cover the whole range of desired values. The crossed triple line-source (CTLS) was designed to provide a relatively simple and inexpensive irrigation system for creating continuous gradients of more than one variable. A computer model was developed to assist in evaluating the continuously changing multivariable levels, produced by the CTLS, given various inputs. A single sprinkler's distribution function was used in the model's development. The results of the overlapping sprinkling patterns are calculated throughout the experimental area for water depth, salinity level, and Nitrogen concentration. Measured values of irrigation water electrical conductivity (EC_i) and Nitrogen concentration were in good agreement with predicted values.  相似文献   

覆盖作物翻压对华北平原春玉米产量和土壤养分的影响          下载免费PDF全文

魏静  郭树芳  翟丽梅  刘泰  杨波  孙本华 《中国土壤与肥料》2020,(1):172-178

冬季覆盖作物-春玉米种植模式是减缓华北平原冬小麦减少导致的耕地裸露及其环境影响的新型农业生产方式,但其翻压后对华北平原下一季春玉米生长季作物产量和土壤养分及微生物学性质的影响研究鲜见。本研究以华北平原冬闲田-玉米(WFM)为对照,设置毛叶苕子-玉米(VrM)、二月兰-玉米(OvM)以及冬油菜-玉米(BcM)3个覆盖作物处理,通过盆栽试验研究了冬季种植覆盖作物翻压对玉米生长季土壤理化性质、微生物量和玉米生长特性的影响。结果表明:(1)翻压覆盖作物显著提高了玉米产量以及作物养分吸收量。与WFM处理相比,OvM处理秸秆产量和籽粒产量提高幅度最大,分别为33.3%和35.5%(P0.05);BcM处理地上部氮、磷、钾和地下部磷素吸收量显著提高(P0.05),分别为30.7%、74.7%、57.6%和171.4%。(2)翻压覆盖作物能显著提高0～10和10～20 cm土层有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮和全钾含量(P0.05)。此外,翻压覆盖作物能显著降低玉米幼苗期土壤NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N含量(P0.05),范围为0.50～3.52和21.40～33.13mg·kg~(-1)。(3)在玉米的不同生育期,覆盖作物翻压处理的SMBC、SMBN和SMBP均显著高于冬闲处理(P0.05)。综合翻压覆盖作物对华北平原玉米产量及土壤理化性质和微生物量含量的影响,华北平原冬油菜-玉米和二月兰-玉米轮作模式效果较好。  相似文献   

基于作物生长监测诊断仪的玉米LAI监测模型研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

贺佳  郭燕  王利军  张彦  赵犇  王来刚 《农业机械学报》2019,50(12):187-194

为探索作物生长监测诊断仪（CGMD-402型）在作物长势监测应用中的精准性与适用性,连续2年在不同氮肥水平下进行不同玉米品种的实验。使用作物生长监测诊断仪采集冠层归一化差值植被指数（Normalized differential vegetation index,NDVI）、比值植被指数（Ratio vegetation index,RVI）,并同步以ASD FR-2500型野外高光谱辐射测量仪获取冠层光谱反射率,构建NDVI、RVI高光谱植被指数;通过对比两种仪器获取的植被指数特征及其定量关系,评价CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪监测精度;基于CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪获取的NDVI、RVI,建立叶面积指数（Leaf area index,LAI）监测模型,并对模型监测精度进行验证。结果表明：玉米冠层NDVI、RVI随施氮量增加而增加,增加幅度分别为8.20%~36.59%、4.40%~25.16%;CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪与ASD FR-2500型野外高光谱辐射测量仪获取的NDVI、RVI相关系数分别为0.991、0.985,决定系数分别为0.983、0.969,说明CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪具有较高的监测精度,可替代ASD FR-2500型野外高光谱辐射测量仪获取NDVI、RVI指数;利用CGMD-402型作物生长监测诊断仪获取NDVI、RVI,建立LAI监测模型的决定系数分别为0.911、0.898;以独立数据对模型精度进行验证,模型预测值与田间实测值间决定系数分别为0.963、0.954,相对误差分别为6.65%、9.37%,表明二者具有高度一致性。研究表明,利用作物生长监测诊断仪能有效监测玉米不同品种LAI动态变化,可以替代AccuPARLP-80型植物冠层分析仪获取玉米LAI数据。  相似文献   

Effects of dietary astaxanthin concentration and feeding period on the skin pigmentation of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)     

Ben J Doolan  Mark A Booth  Geoff L Allan  Paul L Jones 《Aquaculture Research》2008,40(1):60-68

A single‐factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary astaxanthin concentration on the skin colour of snapper. Snapper (mean weight=129 g) were held in white cages and fed one of seven dietary levels of unesterified astaxanthin (0, 13, 26, 39, 52, 65 or 78 mg astaxanthin kg^?1) for 63 days. Treatments comprised four replicate cages, each containing five fish. The skin colour of all fish was quantified using the CIE L^*, a^*, b^* colour scale after 21, 42 and 63 days. In addition, total carotenoid concentrations of the skin of two fish cage^?1 were determined after 63 days. Supplementing diets with astaxanthin strongly affected redness (a^*) and yellowness (b^*) values of the skin at all sampling times. After 21 days, the a^* values increased linearly as the dietary astaxanthin concentration was increased before a plateau was attained between 39 and 78 mg kg^?1. The b^* values similarly increased above basal levels in all astaxanthin diets. By 42 days, a^* and b^* values increased in magnitude while a plateau remained between 39 and 78 mg kg^?1. After 63 days, there were no further increases in measured colour values, suggesting that maximum pigmentation was imparted in the skin of snapper fed diets >39 mg kg^?1 after 42 days. Similarly, there were no differences in total carotenoid concentrations of the skin of snapper fed diets >39 mg kg^?1 after 63 days. The plateaus that occurred in a^* and b^* values, while still increasing in magnitude between 21 and 42 days, indicate that the rate of astaxanthin deposition in snapper is limited and astaxanthin in diets containing >39 mg astaxanthin kg^?1 is not efficiently utilized. Astaxanthin retention after 63 days was greatest from the 13 mg kg^?1 diet; however, skin pigmentation was not adequate. An astaxanthin concentration of 39 mg kg^?1 provided the second greatest retention in the skin while obtaining maximum pigmentation. To efficiently maximize skin pigmentation, snapper growers should commence feeding diets containing a minimum of 39 mg unesterified astaxanthin kg^?1 at least 42 days before sale.  相似文献   

Effects of cage netting colour and density on the skin pigmentation and stress response of Australian snapper Pagrus auratus (Bloch & Schneider, 1801)     

Ben J Doolan  Geoff L Allan  Mark A Booth  Paul L Jones 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(13):1360-1368

The unnaturally dark pigmentation of cultured Australian snapper Pagrus auratus can be improved through dietary astaxanthin supplementation and by holding fish in tanks with a white background. The practical application of these laboratory‐based findings was examined with two experiments to establish if the advantages of transferring fish to light coloured tanks before harvest could be achieved on‐farm using white cages and to determine the effects of fish density on skin colour. For the first experiment, snapper (mean TL=29.7 cm) were transferred from a commercial snapper sea cage to black or white netted cages and fed diets supplemented with unesterified astaxanthin (supplied as Lucantin^® Pink, BASF) at 0 or 39 mg kg^?1 for 42 days. Skin colour was measured using the CIE (black–white), (green–red), (blue–yellow) colour scale. Snapper held in white netting cages became significantly lighter (higher ) than snapper held in black cages; however, values were not as high as previous laboratory‐based studies in which snapper were held in white plastic‐lined cages. Snapper fed astaxanthin displayed significantly greater and values, and total carotenoid concentrations after 42 days. In addition, total carotenoids were higher in fish from black than white cages. The second experiment was designed to investigate whether density reduced the improvements in skin colour achieved by holding fish in white coloured cages and whether cage colour affected stress. Snapper (mean weight=435 g) were acclimated to black cages and fed 39 mg kg^?1 astaxanthin for 44 days before transferring to black or white plastic‐lined cages at 14 (low), 29 (mid) or 45 (high) kg m^?3 for 7 days after which time skin colour, plasma cortisol and plasma glucose concentrations were measured. Skin lightness () was greater in snapper transferred to white plastic‐lined cages with the lightest coloured fish obtained from the lowest density after 7 days. Density had no effect on plasma cortisol or glucose levels after 7 days, although plasma cortisol was elevated in snapper from black cages. For improved skin colouration we recommend feeding unesterified astaxanthin at 39 mg kg^?1 for approximately 6 weeks and transferring snapper to white plastic‐lined cages or similar at low densities for short periods before harvest rather than producing fish in white netting sea cages subject to biofouling.  相似文献   

Flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in grape seeds: biodiversity and relationships among wild and cultivated vines     

Mehdi Trad  Carine Le Bourvellec  Hmida Ben Hamda  Catherine M. G. C. Renard  Mounira Harbi 《Euphytica》2017,213(11):242

Flavan-3-ol monomers and polymers composition of seeds from wild (17) and autochthonous (8) Vitis vinifera grapes growing in northern Tunisia were evaluated. Wild grape seeds were spherical with a small beak and relatively a high seed/berry ratio (~ 18.1%w/w). Local cultivars developed pyriform-shaped seeds with a well-developed beak representing on average 2.2% of total weight of the berry. Flavanol concentrations ranged between 40.9 and 67.5 mg/g FW in seeds from wild accessions and between 48.9 and 96.7 mg/g FW in seeds from cultivated grapes. Differences between accessions were highly significant (p < 0.01) and seeds from cultivar ‘Boukhasla’ showed the highest polyphenols content. Among flavan-3-ol monomers, (+)-catechin was predominant for all ecotypes and generally their abundance was: (+)-catechin (Cat) > (?)-epicatechin (Ec) > (?)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate (EcG). The Cat/Ec ratio was approximately 1.7 for wild grapes while it was about 2.5 for cultivated grapes. Procyanidins in wild seeds differed from cultivated ones by a lower mDP and higher proportions of galloylated derivatives, likely to affect fruit bitterness and astringency. (?)-epicatechin was the main extension subunit in grape seed procyanidins, reaching on average 52% in wild and 58% in cultivated seeds. Hierarchical cluster analysis based on seeds morphometry and procyanidin profile indicated close proximity between some wild and cultivated grapes suggesting that some cultivars derived from ancestral events of local domestication or cross hybridization with native wild plants.  相似文献