Antibody assay for Japanese encephalitis virus in bovine serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)     

K Miyata  M Ueda  N Hashimoto 《The Japanese journal of veterinary research》1982,30(3-4):59-67

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Methane emission from stored dairy manure slurry and slurry after digestion by methane digester   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Kazutaka UMETSU  Yoshiaki KIMURA  Junichi TAKAHASHI  Tadashi KISHIMOTO  Takeshi KOJIMA  Bruce YOUNG 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(1):73-79

To examine the effect of storage temperature on the emission of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) and on recovery of nutrients from raw dairy manure slurry (RS) and slurry digested in a methane digester (DS), both slurries were stored in closed 100 L steel tanks under psychrophilic conditions (5, 10, 15 and 20°C) for a 150 day period. As the storage temperature increased, total methane emission increased in both types of slurry. The amount of methane emitted per unit of volatile solids of the RS and DS was 0.19 L/g and 0.10 L/g, respectively. The respective carbon dioxide emissions were 0.20 L/g for RS and 0.12 L/g for DS at 20°C of storage temperature. At temperatures greater than 15°C, the methane concentration in the emitted gas remained more than 40% of the total gas. During the experimental period, in excess of 90% of the total Kjeldahl nitrogen in these slurries was recovered (91.4–93.7% for RS and 93.7–98.4% for DS) after storage, and ammonium nitrogen was recovered in excess of 100% (100.1–143.2% for RS and 106.7–143.2% for DS storage tanks) because of the mineralization of organic nitrogen in the influent. These results indicate that manure slurry characteristics and storage temperature have significant impacts on methane emission. It can be concluded that on typical farms located in northern Japan, methane emission from manure storage tanks during late fall, winter and early spring may be negligible, because of manure temperatures less than 10°C. During late spring, summer and early fall, methane emissions can be substantially reduced by using underground storage to maintain lower manure temperatures.  相似文献   

In vitro formation of holes on the inner perivitelline layer of quail ovum by chicken spermatozoa   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Mar Mar WIN  Yuki MIYAGI  Koji ASHIZAWA  Hideki TATEMOTO  Tadashi NAKADA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(2):133-138

The aim of the present study was to examine whether chicken semen can be substituted for quail semen to conduct in vitro experiments on fertilization. Chicken spermatozoa was incubated with the inner perivitelline layer (IPL) isolated from the largest follicle in the quail ovary under in vitro conditions. The perforation of chicken and quail spermatozoa were assessed by counting the number of all visible holes in the pieces of IPL. No difference was found in the number of holes formed by the chicken sperm and quail IPL interaction compared with that between intraspecies. In addition, the number of holes in the IPL was significantly increased with the increase in sperm concentration from 1 × 10⁶ to 8 × 10⁶ sperm/mL (P < 0.05). Interestingly, after treatment of chicken spermatozoa with 2.5 mg/mL of the solubilized quail IPL followed by incubation with the intact chicken IPL, the number of holes in the intact chicken IPL was significantly decreased as compared with that of spermatozoa treated without the solubilized IPL (P < 0.05). This indicates that sperm receptors in the solubilized quail IPL and binding ligands on the chicken spermatozoa would find each other and bind, forming complexes and these complexes blocked the interaction between chicken spermatozoa and intact chicken IPL. These results show that: (i) chicken spermatozoa possess the penetrability into quail IPL; and (ii) a high degree of affinity via the receptor interactions exists between chicken spermatozoa and quail IPL. Therefore, it appears that the substitution of chicken semen for quail semen is possible to use as an in vitro technique to examine the sperm‐IPL interaction during fertilization in quail.  相似文献   

2b Protein is essential to induce a novel gradual cell death in Zucchini yellow mosaic virus-inoculated cucumber cotyledon co-infected with Cucumber mosaic virus     

Bo-Song Ryang  Tadashi Matsumoto  Takashi Kobori  Yoshitaka Kosaka  Satoshi T. Ohki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(4):308-313

Cucumber cotyledons inoculated with Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Pepo strain) or Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, Z5-1 isolate) developed either mild chlorotic spots or no symptoms. Cotyledons treated with CMV plus ZYMV also developed mild chlorotic spots. However, plants ZYMV-inoculated cotyledons had veinal yellowing and gradual cell death by 20 days postinoculation (dpi) when co-inoculated with CMV on the other cotyledon. When analyzing this synergism, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that CMV gradually increased in CMV-inoculated cotyledons of plants, with the other cotyledon mock- or ZYMV-inoculated. However, CMV significantly increased at 9 to 14 dpi in the ZYMV-inoculated cotyledons of plants co-infected with CMV. ZYMV similarly increased in cotyledon pairs of both co-infected and singly infected plants. Inoculation with PepoΔ2b, a modified Pepo-CMV that lacks translation of the 2b protein, revealed that PepoΔ2b without the 2b protein systemically infected cucumber but induced no symptoms on cotyledons or true leaves. Plants with a ZYMV-inoculated cotyledon and co-infected with PepoΔ2b did not undergo cell death; nevertheless, PepoΔ2b was at high levels comparable to levels of CMV in the ZYMV-inoculated cotyledon. The 2b protein thus seems essential for induction of the novel gradual cell death in ZYMV-inoculated cotyledons of cucumbers co-infected with CMV.  相似文献   

Determination of GHG and ammonia emissions from stored dairy cattle slurry by using a floating dynamic chamber     

Keiko MINATO  Yasuyuki KOUDA  Masaaki YAMAKAWA  Satoshi HARA  Tadashi TAMURA  Takashi OSADA 《Animal Science Journal》2013,84(2):165-177

We developed a system for measuring emissions from stored slurry by using a floating dynamic chamber. CH₄, CO₂, N₂O and NH₃ emitted from the storage tank of a dairy cattle farm in eastern Hokkaido were measured during summer 2008 (7/16–8/6), fall 2008 (10/2–10/26), spring 2009 (6/2–6/21) and winter 2009 (3/11). Average daily gas emission rates in summer, fall and spring were, respectively, 54.8, 54.2 and 34.3 g/m² for CH₄; 602, 274 and 254 g/m² for CO₂; 55.4, 68.2 and trace mg/m² for N₂O; and 0.55, 0.73 and 0.46 g/m² for NH₃. CH₄, CO₂ and NH₃ emission rates during the brief measurement period in winter were reduced to 1/4, 1/23 and 1/2, respectively, of summer emission rate levels. All gas emissions showed diurnal fluctuation and were greatest during the daytime, when the ambient temperature rose. CH₄, NH₃ and CO₂ emissions increased significantly during the daytime, and the daily emission (in grams) of each gas was positively correlated with maximum daily temperature. According to the combined spring, summer and fall measurements, the CH₄, N₂O and NH₃ annual emission factors were 1.42% (g CH₄/g volatile solids), 0.02% (g N₂O‐N/g total N) and 0.43% (g NH₃‐N/g total N), respectively.  相似文献   

Cardiac arrest and arterial air emboli associated with subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax in a French bulldog     

Masaya Yaegashi  Yoshiki Yamaya  Tadashi Sano  Toshihiro Watari 《Veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia》2013,40(6):651-653

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Site-level model–data synthesis of terrestrial carbon fluxes in the CarboEastAsia eddy-covariance observation network: toward future modeling efforts     

Kazuhito Ichii  Masayuki Kondo  Young-Hee Lee  Shao-Qiang Wang  Joon Kim  Masahito Ueyama  Hee-Jeong Lim  Hao Shi  Takashi Suzuki  Akihiko Ito  Hyojung Kwon  Weimin Ju  Mei Huang  Takahiro Sasai  Jun Asanuma  Shijie Han  Takashi Hirano  Ryuichi Hirata  Tomomichi Kato  Sheng-Gong Li  Ying-Nian Li  Takahisa Maeda  Akira Miyata  Yojiro Matsuura  Shohei Murayama  Yuichiro Nakai  Takeshi Ohta  Taku M. Saitoh  Nobuko Saigusa  Kentaro Takagi  Yan-Hong Tang  Hui-Min Wang  Gui-Rui Yu  Yi-Ping Zhang  Feng-Hua Zhao 《Journal of Forest Research》2013,18(1):13-20

Based on the model–data comparison at the eddy-covariance observation sites from CarboEastAsia datasets, we report the current status of the terrestrial carbon cycle modeling in monsoon Asia. In order to assess the modeling performance and discuss future requirements for both modeling and observation efforts in Asia, we ran eight terrestrial biosphere models at 24 sites from 1901 to 2010. By analyzing the modeled carbon fluxes against the CarboEastAsia datasets, the strengths and weaknesses of terrestrial biosphere modeling over Asia were evaluated. In terms of pattern and magnitude, the carbon fluxes (i.e., gross primary productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem exchange) at the temperate and boreal forest sites were simulated best, whereas the simulation results from the tropical forest, cropland, and disturbed sites were poor. The multi-model ensemble mean values showed lower root mean square errors and higher correlations, suggesting that composition of multiple terrestrial biosphere models would be preferable for terrestrial carbon budget assessments in Asia. These results indicate that the current model-based estimation of terrestrial carbon budget has large uncertainties, and future research should further refine the models to permit re-evaluation of the terrestrial carbon budget.  相似文献   

Detection of QTLs to reduce cadmium content in rice grains using LAC23/Koshihikari chromosome segment substitution lines     

Tadashi Abe  Yasunori Nonoue  Nozomi Ono  Motoyasu Omoteno  Masato Kuramata  Shuichi Fukuoka  Toshio Yamamoto  Masahiro Yano  Satoru Ishikawa 《Breeding Science》2013,63(3):284-291

To advance the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) to reduce Cd content in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grains and breed low-Cd cultivars, we developed a novel population consisting of 46 chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) in which donor segments of LAC23, a cultivar reported to have a low grain Cd content, were substituted into the Koshihikari genetic background. The parental cultivars and 32 CSSLs (the minimum set required for whole-genome coverage) were grown in two fields with different natural levels of soil Cd. QTL mapping by single-marker analysis using ANOVA indicated that eight chromosomal regions were associated with grain Cd content and detected a major QTL (qlGCd3) with a high F-test value in both fields (F = 9.19 and 5.60) on the long arm of chromosome 3. The LAC23 allele at qlGCd3 was associated with reduced grain Cd levels and appeared to reduce Cd transport from the shoots to the grains. Fine substitution mapping delimited qlGCd3 to a 3.5-Mbp region. Our results suggest that the low-Cd trait of LAC23 is controlled by multiple QTLs, and qlGCd3 is a promising candidate QTL to reduce the Cd level of rice grain.  相似文献   

Functional characterization of testis-brain RNA-binding protein,TB-RBP/Translin,in translational regulation     

Kanako OYAMA  Tadashi BABA  Shin-ichi KASHIWABARA 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2021,67(1):35

Testis-brain RNA-binding protein (TB-RBP/Translin) is known to contribute to the translational repression of a subset of haploid cell-specific mRNAs, including protamine 2 (Prm2) mRNA. Mutant mice lacking TB-RBP display abnormal spermatogenesis, despite normal male fertility. In this study, we carried out functional analysis of TB-RBP in mammalian cultured cells to understand the mechanism of translational repression by this RNA-binding protein. Although the amino acid sequence contained a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (EIF4E)-recognition motif, TB-RBP failed to interact with EIF4E. In cultured cells, TB-RBP was unable to reduce the activity of luciferase encoded by a reporter mRNA carrying the 3’-untranslated region of Prm2. However, λΝ-BoxB tethering assay revealed that the complex of TB-RBP with its binding partner, Translin-associated factor X (TRAX), exhibits the ability to reduce the luciferase reporter activity by degrading the mRNA. These results suggest that TB-RBP may play a regulatory role in determining the sequence specificity of TRAX-catalyzed mRNA degradation.  相似文献   

Usefulness of cardiac hormones for evaluating valvular disease in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)     

Chungyu PAI  Shunya NAKAYAMA  Yasuyo ITO-FUJISHIRO  Kiichi KANAYAMA  Yoshiko MUNESUE  Tadashi SANKAI  Yasuhiro YASUTOMI  Hiroshi KOIE  Naohide AGEYAMA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(4):716

Nonhuman primates are commonly used as experimental animals due to their biological resemblance to humans. In patients with cardiac disease, the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) tend to increase in response to cardiac damage, and they are thus used as indicators for the diagnosis of human heart failure. However, no reference values for ANP and BNP have been reported for heart disease in nonhuman primates. In this study, we recorded the age, sex, and body weight of 202 cynomolgus monkeys, and performed evaluations to assess the ANP and BNP levels, electrocardiography and echocardiography, and accordingly divided the monkeys into two groups: healthy monkeys and those with spontaneous cardiac disease. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the relationship of ANP and BNP with the factors of age, sex, and body weight. No significant relationship was found between the levels of ANP and BNP and the factors of age, sex, and body weight. However, both the ANP and BNP levels were significantly different between the healthy monkeys and monkeys with valvular disease. Similar to humans, the ANP and BNP levels tended to increase with the progression of cardiac disease in monkeys. Based on these results, we concluded that ANP and BNP are indicators of cardiac disease in nonhuman primates, and that this nonhuman primate cardiac disease model is applicable for cardiology research in humans.  相似文献