Biofuels: clarifying assumptions     

Khosla V 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5900):371-4; author reply 371-4

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Influence of Dual Inoculation of AM Fungi and Rhizobium on Growth Indices,Production Economics,and Nutrient Use Efficiencies in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.)     

Bengia Bai  Vinod K. Suri  Anil Kumar  Anil K. Choudhary 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(8):941-954

Field experimentation was conducted at Palampur, India during 2011–2012 in an acid Alfisol to quantify the influence of integrated use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), Rhizobium and inorganic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on growth, productivity, profitability, and nutrient use efficiencies in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.). The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) replicated thrice comprising 13 treatments involving AMF (Glomus mosseae), Rhizobium (R. leguminosarum), and inorganic N and P fertilizers. The results revealed that dual inoculation of pea seed with AMF and Rhizobium enhanced the plant height, leaf area index, and dry matter accumulation significantly by 19.4 and 13.1, 10.7 and 10.7, and 16.6 and 16.7%, respectively at 60 and 120 days after sowing (DAS). Similarly, dual inoculation exhibited significant respective increases of 9.5 and 14.6% in absolute and crop growth rates over generalized recommended NP potassium (K) dose (GRD) during 60–120 DAS. The dual inoculation led to significant respective increases of 1.0 and 2.2, 1.06 and 1.74, 0.21 and 1.5, and 1.05 and 1.60 folds in partial factor productivity, crop recovery efficiency, physiological efficiency, and % recovery of applied N and P, respectively over GRD. The magnitude of increase in pea productivity, net returns, and boron to carbon (B:C) ratio following dual inoculation was to the tune of 20, 54.4, and 104.1%, respectively over GRD. Dual inoculation also exhibited significant increases of 19.4 and 53.1% in production and monetary efficiencies of pea over GRD. Overall, dual inoculation of AMF and Rhizobium with 75% soil-test-based N and P dose in pea has great potential in enhancing pea productivity, profitability, and nutrient use efficiency besides saving about 25% fertilizer N and P without impairing pea productivity in Himalayan acid Alfisol.  相似文献   

Amendment of Sugar Mill Wastewater Irrigation on Soil Biohydrological Properties and Yield of Vigna umguiculata L. Walp in Two Seasons     

Sachin Srivastava  A. K. Chopra  Piyusha Sharma  Vinod Kumar 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2017,48(5):511-523

A field experiment was conducted to study the biohydrological properties of soil and yield of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp irrigated with five concentrations of sugar mill wastewater (SMW) during the Kharif and Zaid seasons. Among various concentrations of SMW, irrigation with 100% SMW significantly (P < 0.001) increased zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), cadmium (C), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and iron (Fe) of the soil, while decreased total bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, yeast, and rhizobia of the soil in both the cultivated seasons. However, the values of these metals were below the recommended permissible limit except Cd. Enrichment factor (Ef) of various heavy metals for soil was in the order Ni > Cr > Cd > Zn > Cu after irrigation with SMW. The crop yield of V. unguiculata was found to be inversely proportional to concentrations of SMW, with the best results being obtained at 50% SMW concentrations after 90 days of irrigation in both the cultivated seasons.  相似文献   

Biocontrol-based management of fall armyworm,Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Indian Maize     

Varshney  Richa  Poornesha  B.  Raghavendra  A.  Lalitha  Y.  Apoorva  V.  Ramanujam  B.  Rangeshwaran  R.  Subaharan  K.  Shylesha  A. N.  Bakthavatsalam  N.  Chaudhary  Malvika  Pandit  Vinod 《植物病害和植物保护杂志》2021,128(1):87-95

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) (fall armyworm) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a key pest of maize that has recently entered in India causing damage and...  相似文献   

Biodiversity, current developments and potential biotechnological applications of phosphorus-solubilizing and -mobilizing microbes: A review   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Divjot KOUR  Kusam Lata RANA  Tanvir KAUR  Neelam YADAV  Ajar Nath YADAV  Manish KUMAR  Vinod KUMAR  Harcharan Singh DHALIWAL  Anil Kumar SAXENA 《土壤圈》2021,31(1):43-75

As one of the most important and essential macronutrients next to nitrogen,phosphorus(P)is important for plant development,but it is the least mobile nutrient element in plant and soil.Globally,P is mined from geological sediments and added to agricultural soils so as to meet the critical requirements of crop plants for agronomic productivity.Phosphorus exists in soil in both organic and inorganic forms.The various inorganic forms of the element in soil are salts with calcium,iron,and aluminum,whereas the organic forms come from decaying vegetation and microbial residue.There is a huge diversity of plant microbiomes(epiphytic,endophytic,and rhizospheric)and soil microbiomes that have the capability to solubilize the insoluble P and make it available to plant.The main mechanism for the solubilization of inorganic P is by the production of organic acids,which lowers soil pH,or by the production of acid and alkaline phosphatases,which causes the mineralization of organic P.The P-solubilizing and-mobilizing microorganisms belong to all three domains,comprising archaea,bacteria,and eukarya.The strains belonging to the genera Arthrobacter,Bacillus,Burkholderia,Natrinema,Pseudomonas,Rhizobium,and Serratia have been reported as efficient and potential P solubilizers.The use of P solubilizers,alone or in combination with other plant growth-promoting microbes as an eco-friendly microbial consortium,could increase the P uptake of crops,increasing their yields for agricultural and environmental sustainability.  相似文献   

Growing stock variation in different teak （Tectona grandis） forest stands of Mizoram,India     

Vinod Prasad Khanduri Lalnundanga J. Vanlalremkimi 《林业研究》2008,19(3):204-208

The growing stock assessment of three different teak forest stands （Tuirial： 500 m asl, Sairang： 200 m asl and Phunchawng： 550 m asl） was done in 2006 in Mizoram, India. Five diameter classes were arbitrarily established for knowing the volume attribute data and population structure, viz. a （10-20 cm）, b （20-30 cm）, c （30-40 cm）, d （40-50 cm）, and e （50-60 cm）. Results revealed that the density of the individuals among the studied stands varied from 280 stems/ha to 620 stems/ha. The average diameter of all the individuals ranged between 27.48 cm and 35.43 cm. Similarly, the average height was oscillated between 17.87 m and 22.24 m. The total basal area was recorded between 24.28 m2.ha-1 and 45.80 m2.ha＂l. The maximum and minimum values of total growing stock under all the diameter classes were 669.01 m3.ha-1 and 284.7 m3.ha-1, respectively. The representation of population structure of different stands explained that the perpetuation of this species was ensured for a quite long time.  相似文献   

Remote sensing and machine learning for crop water stress determination in various crops: a critical review     

Virnodkar  Shyamal S.  Pachghare  Vinod K.  Patil  V. C.  Jha  Sunil Kumar 《Precision Agriculture》2020,21(5):1121-1155

Precision Agriculture - The remote sensing (RS) technique is less cost- and labour- intensive than ground-based surveys for diverse applications in agriculture. Machine learning (ML), a branch of...  相似文献   

Changing trend in the seroprevalence and risk factors of human leptospirosis in the South Andaman Island,India          下载免费PDF全文

Ratchagadasse Vimal Raj  Kirubakaran Vinod Kumar  Chandan Lall  Kumaresan Vedhagiri  Attayur Purushothaman Sugunan  Ittoop Pulikkottil Sunish  Paluru Vijayachari 《Zoonoses and public health》2018,65(6):683-689

Seroprevalence of leptospirosis among a healthy population of the South Andaman Island was assessed through random sampling. Previous studies have high seroprevalences of up to 55% in general population and 65% in agricultural labourers. The study subjects (1,181 in total, 781 rural and 400 urban) were interviewed and tested for antibodies against Leptospira. Multivariate models were developed to determine the risk factors in the rural and the urban population. The overall seroprevalence was 10.9%, with rural (12.9%) being higher than the urban subjects (7.0%). The commonest infecting serogroup was Icterohaemorrhagiae (53.5%), followed by Grippotyphosa (13.2%). Compared to the earlier observation, seroprevalence was lower and an apparent shift in the infecting serogroup was found. This shift was in concordance with the changing trend in animal population. Significant difference in risk factors, both in rural and urban areas, was also observed. Similar trends in seroprevalence are being observed around the world. Therefore, time to time prevalence studies are needed for the development of effective control measure.  相似文献   

Variability in pod and seed traits of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pongamia pinnata</Emphasis> Pierre ecotypes in North Karnataka,India     

Vinod Kumar Patil  G. R. Naik 《林业研究》2016,27(3):557-567

An evaluation of 30 naturally available candidate-plus trees (CPTs) of Pongamia pinnata was carried out to elucidate the genetic variability and relationship of pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits to select the best planting material with higher productivity. Significant variations were observed in pod and seed characteristics, oil content, and during the progeny trial studies. The highest values were found in 100-pod weight (410.4 gm) and 100-seed weight (195.92 gm) and the phenotypic and genotypic variance was found maximum in 100 pod weight (4364.71 and 4289.93) and 100 seed weight (813.8 and 768.93), respectively. Estimates of the phenotypic coefficient of variance were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variance for all the pod and seed traits and progeny growth traits, which depict the predominant role of the environment. Approximately 99 % of broad-sense heritability was revealed in oil content, followed by 100-pod weight (98.28 %), and canopy growth (96.93 %). Pod thickness shows the highest genetic advance of 56.61 %, followed by pod width (53.43 %) and canopy growth (49.3 %). Pod and seed traits have proven a positive correlation between each other and with progeny growth traits, except a few negative values. Hierarchical clustering by Ward’s minimum variance cluster analysis showed phylogeographical patterns of genetic diversity. K-means clustering revealed that trees from different geographical regions were grouped together in a cluster where as trees from the same geographical area are placed in a different cluster. Seven Pongamia ecotypes (GRP-8, 9, 13, 14, 18, 28, and 29) are found superior in traits, namely 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, oil content, germination rate, plant height, canopy growth, and collar diameter. The traits 100-pod weight and 100-seed weight are highly correlated with the progeny growth traits and even have higher heritability and genetic advantages.  相似文献   

Valine pathway is more crucial than phenyl propanoid pathway in regulating capsaicin biosynthesis in Capsicum frutescens mill     

Prasad BC  Gururaj HB  Kumar V  Giridhar P  Ravishankar GA 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6660-6666

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