Pharmacokinetics of a slow-release formulation of soybean isoflavones in healthy postmenopausal women     

Setchell KD  Brzezinski A  Brown NM  Desai PB  Melhem M  Meredith T  Zimmer-Nechimias L  Wolfe B  Cohen Y  Blatt Y 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2005,53(6):1938-1944

Pharmacokinetic studies of soybean isoflavones have shown that following oral ingestion, the two major isoflavones, daidzin and genistin, are hydrolyzed in the intestine, rapidly absorbed into the peripheral circulation, and eliminated from the body with a terminal half-life of 7-8 h. These characteristics make maintenance of steady-state plasma isoflavone concentrations difficult to attain unless there is repeated daily ingestion of foods or supplements containing isoflavones. In an attempt to sustain more constant plasma isoflavone concentrations, a new slow-release formulation of a soybean isoflavone extract was prepared by microencapsulation with a mixture of hydroxypropylcellulose and ethylcellulose to alter its dissolution characteristics. In vitro experiments confirmed slow aqueous dissolution of isoflavones from this formulation when compared with the conventional isoflavone extract. The pharmacokinetics of this slow-release isoflavone extract was studied in 10 healthy postmenopausal women after oral administration of a single capsule containing the equivalent of 22.3 mg of genistein and 7.47 mg of daidzein expressed as aglycons. A comparison of the key pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in this study with those established in extensive studies performed previously in this laboratory indicated that the mean residence time of genistein and daidzein increased 2-fold with microencapsulation. These findings are indicative of a decreased rate of absorption, consistent with the observed slow in vitro dissolution rate. These findings show that it is feasible to employ polymer matrices that slow the aqueous dissolution for preparing sustained-release formulations of soy isoflavones. Further studies to optimize such formulations are warranted.  相似文献   

Paranasal sinus masses of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis)     

Fox KA  Wootton SK  Quackenbush SL  Wolfe LL  Levan IK  Miller MW  Spraker TR 《Veterinary pathology》2011,48(3):706-712

This article describes 10 cases of paranasal sinus masses in Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis canadensis). Among 21 bighorns that were examined from 11 herds in Colorado, 10 individuals (48%) from 4 herds (36%) had masses arising from the paranasal sinuses. Affected animals included 9 of 17 females (53%) and 1 of 4 males (25%), ranging in age from approximately 2 years to greater than 10 years. Defining gross features of these masses included unilateral or bilateral diffuse thickening of the respiratory lining of the maxillary and/or frontal sinuses, with abundant seromucinous exudate in the affected sinus cavities. Defining histologic features of these masses included chronic inflammation and proliferation of mesenchymal and epithelial cells of the mucosa and submucosa. Epithelial changes included hyperplasia of mucosal epithelium, hyperplasia of submucosal glands and ducts, and neoplasia (adenocarcinoma). Mesenchymal changes included submucosal myxedema, submucosal fibroplasia/fibrosis, bone destruction, and neoplasia (myxomatous fibroma). Specific immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus and enzootic nasal tumor virus were performed with negative results.  相似文献   

Ethical question of the month — December 2002          下载免费PDF全文

Jessica Wolfe 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2002,43(12):914

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Successful resolution of a preputial prolapse in an alpaca using medical therapy     

Jennifer H. Koziol  Misty A. Edmondson  Dwight F. Wolfe  Jenna E. Bayne 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2015,56(7):753-755

A 2-year-old intact male alpaca was presented for a post-breeding preputial prolapse of 5 days duration. The internal lamina of the prepuce was prolapsed approximately 6 cm and the exposed preputial epithelium was edematous and necrotic. Following 7 days of medical treatment, resolution of the preputial prolapse was achieved.  相似文献   

The Canon of Potato Science: 32. Variety Mixtures and Diversification Strategies     

M. R. Finckh  M. S. Wolfe  E. T. Lammerts van Bueren 《Potato Research》2007,50(3-4):335-339

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Causes of perinatal deaths in foals in New Zealand in the 2007 and 2008 seasons     

AG Wolfe  AC Johnstone  IG Mayhew 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(1)

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Alta Russet: An early-maturing, high-quality russet cultivar for wedge-cut french fry production     

D. R. Lynch  L. M. Kawchuk  Q. Chen  M. Konschuh  J. Holley  D. K. Fujimoto  D. Driedger  H. Wolfe  L. Dunbar  D. Waterer  P. Bains  J. Wahab  P. McAllister 《American Journal of Potato Research》2004,81(3):195-201

Alta Russet (Russet Nugget × Ranger Russet) is an early-maturing cultivar, with high yield and excellent processing quality (fry color and dry matter) coupled with a tuber size and shape profile ideal for the manufacture of wedge-cut french fries. In the western Canadian regional trials harvested 110 days after planting, the yield of the new cultivar was similar and the specific gravity superior to that of Russet Burbank. In multi-harvest date trials conducted under irrigated conditions in southern Alberta (Canada) the yield of Alta Russet was superior to Russet Burbank and Shepody and similar to Ranger Russet (Amisk) when harvested at 95 and 110 days after planting. The tuber specific gravity of the new cultivar was superior to Russet Burbank, Shepody, and Ranger Russet (Amisk) at 95 days after planting. At 110 days after planting tuber specific gravity was similar to Ranger Russet (Amisk), but superior to Russet Burbank and Shepody. Fry color was generally superior to Russet Burbank in the western Canadian regional trials and in the multi-harvest trials was generally similar to Russet Burbank, Shepody, and Ranger Russet (Amisk). Alta Russet produces excellent fry color out of long-term storage at 8 C and acceptable color at 6 C. External and internal defects occurred at very low levels in all trials. Alta Russet is resistant to common scab and Verticillium wilt, moderately resistant to early blight and Fusarium wilt and susceptible to Fusarium dry rot and late blight. The new cultivar shows clear symptoms when infected with bacterial ring rot.  相似文献   

Mineralisation and degradation of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid dimethylamine salt in a biobed matrix and in topsoil          下载免费PDF全文

J Diane Knight  Allan J Cessna  Dean Ngombe  Tom M Wolfe 《Pest management science》2016,72(10):1965-1976

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Cellular antioxidant activity of common fruits     

Wolfe KL  Kang X  He X  Dong M  Zhang Q  Liu RH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8418-8426

Measurement of antioxidant activity using biologically relevant assays is important in the screening of fruits for potential health benefits. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) assay quantifies antioxidant activity in cell culture and was developed to meet the need for a more biologically representative method than the popular chemistry antioxidant capacity measures. The objective of the study was to determine the cellular antioxidant activity, total phenolic contents, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values of 25 fruits commonly consumed in the United States. Pomegranate and berries (wild blueberry, blackberry, raspberry, and blueberry) had the highest CAA values, whereas banana and melons had the lowest. Apples were found to be the largest contributors of fruit phenolics to the American diet, and apple and strawberries were the biggest suppliers of cellular antioxidant activity. Increasing fruit consumption is a logical strategy to increase antioxidant intake and decrease oxidative stress and may lead to reduced risk of cancer.  相似文献   

Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids in the cellular antioxidant activity assay   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Wolfe KL  Liu RH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2008,56(18):8404-8411

Chemical antioxidant activity assays are used extensively to evaluate the potential bioactivity of plant foods and their phytochemical constituents, but they do not mimic the complexity of biological systems. The cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) activity assay was developed to be a more biologically relevant model to measure antioxidant activity. Structure-activity relationships of flavonoids have been determined in many chemistry antioxidant activity assays, and they vary with the protocols. The objective of this study was to determine structure-activity relationships of selected flavonoids in the CAA assay. The structures that conferred flavonoids with the most antioxidant activity in the CAA assay were a 3',4'- o-dihydroxyl group in the B-ring, a 2,3-double bond combined with a 4-keto group in the C-ring, and a 3-hydroxyl group. Isoflavones had no cellular antioxidant activity. Flavanols with a galloyl moiety had higher antioxidant activity than those without, and a B-ring 3',4',5'-trihydroxyl group further improved their efficacy. ORAC values for flavonoids were not related to their CAA values. Knowledge of structure-activity relationships in the CAA assay may be helpful in assessing potential in vivo antioxidant activity of flavonoids.  相似文献