鸡舍环境耐药细菌气溶胶及其向环境传播的研究   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  

柴同杰  赵云玲  刘文波  刘辉 《中国预防兽医学报》2003,25(3):209-214

通过对舍内粪便、空气和舍外环境(10、50、100m)中的空气分离到的细菌鉴定，包括细菌DNA分子生物学检测及药物敏感实验以及细菌含量统计学分析，证明三者之间存在着内在联系；舍内环境微生物气溶胶包括耐药细菌通过舍内外气体交换排往鸡舍周围环境，舍周边环境在一定范围内受到生物污染。研究显示，在粪便、舍内空气、舍外环境10、50、100m空气中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌80％以上对氯霉素(CMP)和对苯唑青霉素(OXA)耐药；粪便和舍内外环境空气中的80％以上的大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌对氨苄青霉素(AMP）、氯霉素(CMP)、头孢唑啉(CFZ)均为抑制。证明该鸡舍曾经使用过这些药物治疗或作为添加剂在饲料中添加，鸡群产生了耐药细菌菌株，并向环境传播。测量数据统计结果指出，十里河鸡场鸡舍内环境空气中的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌与舍外环境中相应菌群含量比较差异显著或极显著(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)，但舍外10、50、100m之间的相应菌群比较差异不显著(P＞0．05)，这说明鸡舍内环境细菌气溶胶含量产生多，含量高，菌源强度大；另一方面，反应了鸡舍内环境微生物气溶胶包括耐药细菌能向舍外环境扩散，位舍外环境在一定的范围内受到动物源性生物污染，影响范围大于100m。通过对鸡舍环境微生物气溶胶来源的探讨发现，粪便中的大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和链球菌与舍内空气相应菌群数量关系比较，呈现正相关(r=0.99)。这从一个侧面揭示了粪便可能是微生物气溶胶的主要来源。  相似文献   

新疆森工技术进步贡献份额的测算     

张新兵  李文胜  汪业勖 《新疆农业大学学报》1995,(2)

新疆森工企业是新疆林业的重要组成部分。森工技术进步率是全面考核林业综合水平的重要指标之一。本文根据新疆森工统计资料，首次采用增长速度方程、综合要素生产率指数、总因子生产率指数三种模型测算了新疆森工技术进步贡献份额（１９８１年到１９８６年）。结果表明，新疆森工年均技术进步率在０．５％～０．５２２％之间，技术进步对森工总产值增长的贡献份额在３４％～３６％之间。  相似文献   

菌根生物技术应用现状与研究进展   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

蒋家淡  林延生  詹正宜  鲍晓红  刘亨平 《甘肃农业大学学报》2001,36(2):221-225

论述了菌根的类型、功能及其在林业上的应用现状，并指出菌根生物技术研究进展与方向，为林业生产提供参考。  相似文献   

小兴安岭蕨类植物生态特性的研究     

董亚杰  张元弼 《东北林业大学学报》1994,22(4):46-52

采用样线与样方相结合的调查方法，根据点相关系数及Ｘ＾２值连续性较正公式，测定了小兴安岭凉水自然保护区具有环境梯度的７个森林类型内主要蕨类植物的种间联结。结果表明：各林型均有其适生的蕨类类群，与该类群呈正联结的蕨类种其数量分布也多，反之刚少；具有环境梯度的不同林型序列，反映出蕨类植物适生生境的不同，据此，将本区主要蕨类植物分为４种生态类型。  相似文献   

一种二元单亲演化差基因变异算法     

胡能发 《长江大学学报》2004,(Z1)

设计了一种新的单亲遗传算法,该算法对个体和基因分别计算其适应值,并将适应值最差的基因 进行变异,从而大大提高了遗传算法的全局收敛速度。以n皇后问题为例,采用这种算法求解3000个皇 后问题所用时间平均约为55min,而求解100个皇后问题所用时间平均只有约124ms。实验表明,该算法 不仅能在短时内找到全局最优解(精确解),而且具有良好的稳定性。  相似文献   

日粮锌、硒水平对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王子旭  佘锐萍  陈越  陈耀星  刘欣  马卫明 《动物医学进展》2003,24(4):99-102

为了探讨微量元素锌和硒相互作用对肉鸡肠道黏膜屏障结构的影响，将24只1日龄AA肉鸡随机分3组，分别饲喂添加有高锌高硒(锌1000mg／kg、硒5mg／kg)、低锌低硒(锌34mg／kg、硒0．08mg／kg)或常锌常硒(锌50mg／kg、硒0．15mg／kg)的日粮45d后，观察肠黏膜上皮细胞、上皮内淋巴细胞和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构变化。结果表明：高锌高硒或低锌低硒组肉鸡的肠黏膜结构有明显的损伤，表现为肠黏膜上皮细胞萎缩，绒毛长度下降，上皮内淋巴细胞数量减少；盲肠扁桃体的弥散淋巴组织和淋巴小结中，淋巴细胞数量减少，细胞出现肿胀，有的核消失，结缔组织增生，淋巴小结萎缩。尤其是高锌高硒组的损伤最为严重。而常锌常硒组肉鸡肠黏膜和盲肠扁桃体的形态结构正常。结论：日粮中按锌50mg／kg、硒0．15mg／kg的比例添加，对于维持肠道黏膜的正常屏障结构是合适的。过高或过低的锌和硒对小肠黏膜有毒性作用，破坏其屏障功能；而且高锌和高硒可相互促进以增强其毒性作用。  相似文献   

蜂胶高生物活性黄酮组分的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

赵静  李熠  薛晓锋  蔡阳 《中国蜂业》2005,56(3):9-10

本文探讨了蜂胶总黄酮中最具活性的黄酮类物质的提取分离、官能结构特征与功能关系、可能的功效,进而提出了如何看待蜂胶总黄酮含量高低的问题.  相似文献   

Patterns of silver eel (Anguilla anguilla L.) sex ratio in a catchment     

P. Laffaille  A. Acou  J. Guillouët  B. Mounaix  A. Legault 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(4):583-588

Abstract –  Changes in the numbers and size-class structure of European silver eels, Anguilla anguilla , in the River Frémur (France) were examined over a 9-year period after installation of downstream eel passes. The number of silver eels migrating downstream peaked in 1999, then decreased strongly and steadily after 2000, reaching relatively low levels. At the same time, a gradual shift in the silver eel sex ratio from a dominance of males (size from 270 to 442 mm, age from 3 to 6 years) to females (size from 366 to 1112 mm, age from 4 to 9 years) was recorded. Possible explanations for the escapement patterns observed are environmental sex determination and the installation of eel passes on the main hydraulic engineering structures in 1992 and 1996.  相似文献   

The intravenous bile Acid loading test in the goat: determination of a procedural protocol and reference values     

Hagemoser WA 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》1989,18(1):17-20

An intravenous bile acid loading test was performed on 16 goats using various dosages and sampling protocols. A recently developed enzymatic bile acid assay provided an economical and technologically simple method for bile acid analysis. Intravenous injection of bile salts into goats was well tolerated. Clearance times were rapid. A protocol for performance of the test was suggested and a practical reference range for T 1/2 clearance of 4+/-1 minute was determined. Further investigations of this test in the assessment of liver function in the ruminant appear warranted.  相似文献   

Diurnal and individual variations in bile acids in the plasma of normal dairy cows     

S V Abdelkader  E Ropstad 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》1989,30(2):221-228

Blood samples were collected every 2 h during a 24 h period from 6 cows of one herd and 10 cows of another herd. In a third herd 9 cows were sampled every 2 h from 6 a.m. to 8 p.m. Concentrations of total bile acids, acetoacetate, glucose and free fatty acids were determined in blood plasma. A marked difference in individual bile acid concentrations and patterns of diurnal variation was found. For most cows the highest bile acid values were observed between 2 and 6 a.m. (overall mean (+/- SD) at 6 a.m.: 104 +/- 84 mumol/l, range: 20-307 mumol/l). Fourteen cows with a bile acid value greater than 90 mumol/l at 6 a.m. ("high BA") were characterized as a group by showing a pronounced decrease in the mean bile acid concentration after morning feeding. In the group of 11 cows with a 6 a.m. bile acid value less than 90 mumol/l ("low BA") the time of day did not contribute significantly to the bile acid variation. For the "high BA" group a nearly synchronous variation between the mean values of the 3 feeding dependent parameters (acetoacetate, glucose and free fatty acids) and the mean values of bile acids was found. The within animal coefficients of correlation between bile acids and the feeding dependent parameters were significantly higher in the "high BA" group than in the "low BA" group. No direct connection was found between bile acid levels and the quantity of concentrates fed or the individual milk yield.  相似文献