小花蝽在不同植物上的种群密度          下载免费PDF全文

吴月坤  刘冰  潘洪生  肖海军  陆宴辉 《中国生物防治学报》2019,35(4):527-535

2010―2016年通过人工栽培小区试验,系统调查了33科152种植物上小花蝽复合种群发生动态。多年调查结果表明：除黄柴胡外,其余151种植物上均有小花蝽发生,但小花蝽的种群密度在不同调查年度的植物种类上差异较大。小花蝽种群发生密度最高的植物是蓝蓟,其次是芥菜、硫华菊、荞麦、紫花苜蓿、红麻、陆地棉等有大量蚜虫及开花周期较长的植物。本研究明确了农田生境中小花蝽发生密度较高的候选功能植物,为下一步利用植物多样性促进农田小花蝽种群的保育及控害功能提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Differential responses of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) — Rhizobium combinations to saline soil conditions     

A. K. Saxena  R. B. Rewari 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(1):31-34

Summary Chickpea cultivars (Cicer arietinum L.) and their symbiosis with specific strains of Rhizobium spp. were examined under salt stress. The growth of rhizobia declined with NaCl concentrations increasing from 0.01 to 2% (w : v). Two Rhizobium spp. strains (F-75 and KG 31) tolerated 1.5% NaCl. Of the 10 chickpea cultivars examined, only three (Pusa 312, Pusa 212, and Pusa 240) germinated at 1.5% NaCl. The chickpea — Rhizobium spp. symbiosis was examined in the field, with soil varying in salinity from electrical conductivity (EC) 4.5 to EC 5.2 dSm^-1, to identify combinations giving satisfactory yields. Significant interactions between strains and cultivars caused differential yields of nodules, dry matter, and grain. Four chickpea — Rhizobium spp. combinations, Pusa 240 and F-75 (660 kg ha^-1), Pusa 240 and IC 76 (440 kg ha^-1), Pusa 240 and KG 31 (390 kg ha^-1), and Pusa 312 and KG 31 (380 kg ha^-1), produced significantly higher grain yields in saline soil.  相似文献   

Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms associated with the rhizosphere of mangroves in a semiarid coastal lagoon   总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14  

P. Vazquez  G. Holguin  M. E. Puente  A. Lopez-Cortes  Y. Bashan 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2000,30(5-6):460-468

 The phosphate-solubilizing potential of the rhizosphere microbial community in mangroves was demonstrated when culture media supplemented with insoluble, tribasic calcium phosphate, and incubated with roots of black (Avicennia germinans L.) and white [Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn.] mangrove became transparent after a few days of incubation. Thirteen phosphate-solubilizing bacterial strains were isolated from the rhizosphere of both species of mangroves: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus atrophaeus, Paenibacillus macerans, Vibrio proteolyticus, Xanthobacter agilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter taylorae, Enterobacter asburiae, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Pseudomonas stutzeri, and Chryseomonas luteola. One bacterial isolate could not be identified. The rhizosphere of black mangroves also yielded the fungus Aspergillus niger. The phosphate-solubilizing activity of the isolates was first qualitatively evaluated by the formation of halos (clear zones) around the colonies growing on solid medium containing tribasic calcium phosphate as a sole phosphorus source. Spectrophotometric quantification of phosphate solubilization showed that all bacterial species and A. niger solubilized insoluble phosphate well in a liquid medium, and that V. proteolyticus was the most active solubilizing species among the bacteria. Gas chromatographic analyses of cell-free spent culture medium from the various bacteria demonstrated the presence of 11 identified, and several unidentified, volatile and nonvolatile organic acids. Those most commonly produced by different species were lactic, succinic, isovaleric, isobutyric, and acetic acids. Most of the bacterial species produced more than one organic acid whereas A. niger produced only succinic acid. We propose the production of organic acids by these mangrove rhizosphere microorganisms as a possible mechanism involved in the solubilization of insoluble calcium phosphate. Received: 21 April 1999  相似文献   

Response of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) to interactions between Pseudomonas species and Glomus clarum NT4   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

F. L. Walley  J. J. Germida 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1997,24(4):365-371

The effects of interactions between pseudomonads (Pseudomonas cepacia strains R55 and R85, P. aeruginosa strain R80, P. fluorescens strain R92, and P. putida strain R104) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus clarum (Nicol. and Schenck) isolate NT4, on spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Laura), grown under gnotobiotic and nonsterile conditions, were investigated. Although plant growth responses varied, positive responses to pseudomonad inoculants generally were obtained under gnotobiotic conditions. Shoot dry weight enhancement ranged from 16 to 48%, whereas root enhancement ranged from 82 to 137%. Shoot growth in nonsterile soil, however, was unaffected by pseudomonad inoculants, or reduced by as much as 24%. Shoot growth was unaffected or depressed by G. clarum NT4 whereas early root growth was enhanced by 38%. Significant interactions between the pseudomonad inoculants and G. clarum NT4 were detected. Typically, dual inoculation influenced the magnitude of response associated with any organism applied alone. The effect of these pseudomonads on G. clarum NT4 spore germination was investigated. Germination was inhibited when spores were incubated either on membranes placed directly on bacterial lawns of strains R85 and R104 (i.e., direct assay), or on agarose blocks separated from the bacteria by membranes (i.e., diffusion assay). When the agarose blocks were physically separated from the pseudomonad (i.e., volatile assay), there was no evidence of inhibition, suggesting that a nonvolatile, diffusible substance(s) produced by both strains R85 and R104 may inhibit G. clarum NT4 spore germination. Received: 11 December 1995  相似文献   

柱花草炭疽病菌的鉴定及生物学特性研究     

张超冲  梁英彩  蒙姣荣  邓永忠  黄婕 《广西农业生物科学》1998,(1)

对柱花草炭疽病菌的鉴定及生物学特性测定结果表明：柱花草炭疽病菌为盘长孢状刺盘孢菌[Colletotrichumgloeosporioides（Penz）Sacc]．病菌生长温度15～36℃;适宜生长温度25～30℃;分生孢子萌发的温度6～40℃,最适萌发温度为28℃;分生孢子在饱和湿度下萌发率为83．1％,在饱和湿度加水滴中达87．9％;分生孢子的致死温度为49℃10min;病菌生长的pH值是2．5～14．0,最适pH值为6．4～7．2;病菌对碳源的利用较氮源好。  相似文献   

Contribution of termites to the breakdown of straw under Sahelian conditions     

A. Mando  L. Brussaard 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1999,29(3):332-334

 The effect of termites on the breakdown of Pennisetum pedicellatum straw under Sahelian conditions was studied in northern Burkina Faso during the dry and wet seasons of 1995. Litterbags were laid on plots treated with drieldrin at a rate of 500 g a.i. (active ingredient) ha^–1 to exclude termite activity and on untreated plots. Termites were the only macroscopically visible consumers which were observed in the litterbags during the dry and wet season. In litterbags with no termites present the rate of breakdown of straw was lower during both the dry or wet seasons than in litterbags with termites. In the litterbags with termites, much of the mulch was taken off and replaced by termite-made sheeting. From April to September over 60% of the added material disappeared from termite litterbags, while only 18% of the added straw disappeared from litterbags without termites. From October to December, 28% of the straw disappeared from termite-infested litterbags versus 8% from litterbags without termites. The contribution of termites to the breakdown of straw was estimated to be over 70% for each of the two experiments. Under Sahelian conditions, the breakdown of organic residues is strongly influenced by termites. Received: 6 May 1998  相似文献   

Effect of successive cuttings on uptake and partitioning of 15N among plant parts of Leucaena leucocephala     

N. Sanginga  F. Zapata  S. K. A. Danso  G. D. Bowen 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1990,9(1):37-42

Summary We studied the effect of three successive cuttings on N uptake and fixation and N distribution in Leucaena leucocephala. Two isolines, uninoculated or inoculated with three different Rhizobium strains, were grown for 36 weeks and cut every 12 weeks. The soil was labelled with 50 ppm KNO₃ enriched with 10 atom % ¹⁵N excess soon after the first cutting. Except for the atom % ¹⁵N excess in branches of K28 at the second cutting, both the L. leucocephala isolines showed similar patterns of total N, fixed N₂, and N from fertilizer distribution in different parts of the plant at each cutting. The Rhizobium strain did not influence the partitioning of ¹⁵N among the different plant parts. Significant differences in ¹⁵N enrichment occurred in different parts. Live nodules of both isolines showed the lowest atom % ¹⁵N excess values (0.087), followed by leaves (0.492), branches (0.552), stems (0.591), and roots (0.857). The roots contained about 60% of the total plant N and about 70% of the total N derived from fertilizer over the successive cuttings. The total N₂ fixed in the roots was about 60% of that fixed in the whole plant, while the shoots contained only 20% of the fixed N₂. We conclude that N reserves in roots and nodules constitute another N source that must be taken into account when estimating fixed N₂ or the N balance after pruning or cutting plants. ¹⁵N enrichment declined up to about fivefold in the reference and the N₂-fixing plants over 24 weeks following the ¹⁵N application. The proportion and the amounts of N derived from fertilizer decreased, while the amount derived from N₂ fixation increased with time although its proportion remained constant.  相似文献   

根癌农杆菌胁迫下多花蔷薇（Rosa multiflora'Inermis 4'）的基因表达分析   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

赵小兰  苏晓华  田传卫  赵梁军 《中国农业科学》2005,38(7):1425-1430

  多花蔷薇无刺4号（Rosa multiflora'Inermis 4'）对根癌病有较强抗性。以根癌农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)接种多花蔷薇无刺4号为目的材料,刺伤处理为对照,采用抑制差减杂交（suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH）方法,构建了富集多花蔷薇根癌病抗性相关基因的差减cDNA文库。差异筛选差减cDNA文库后,随机选取增强表达的92个克隆进行测序,去除冗余的cDNA和病菌的基因片段,共得到53个单一序列。利用GenBank数据库进行核酸和蛋白质同源性比较,获得的cDNA片段功能涉及：细胞分裂、生长（22个克隆）,逆境防御、信号转导及激素调节（11个克隆）以及初生与次生代谢（10个克隆）。另有10个基因片段功能未知,可能为新的EST。根据测序及比对分析结果,对多花蔷薇无刺4号抗根癌病的分子机理进行了探讨。  相似文献   

4种木霉对核盘菌的抑制作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

曹翠玲  赵晋铭  路炳声 《仲恺农业技术学院学报》2005,18(4):21-24,52

通过对峙培养以及对木霉菌(Trichoderma spp.)次生代谢物对病原菌的抑菌率进行了测定,结果表明,供试哈茨木霉(T.harzianum)、绿色木霉(T.viride)、康氏木霉(T.koningii),以及一株未知种名的木霉菌株TY(Trichoderma sp.)均对核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary)有明显的抑制作用.在对峙培养中,木霉菌菌落与核盘菌的菌落相向生长一定时间后,挑取核盘菌菌落内部的菌丝进行镜检,发现有木霉菌孢子存在,且核盘菌发生菌丝变形,如原生质浓缩,菌丝断裂,或菌丝消解等现象.并发现不同种木霉所产生的次生代谢物的活性不同,对核盘菌的抑制作用也存在显著差异.  相似文献   

菠萝、刺梨、芦荟复合发酵饮料的研制   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

吴翔  吴龙英  袁玮  刘萍 《贵州农业科学》2006,34(2):59-61

复合发酵饮料是以菠萝、刺梨、芦荟的汁液为原料,用正交实验筛选出最佳的配方,通过酒精发酵和醋酸发酵后,发酵液经过科学调配,可制得营养丰富的饮料。其色泽诱人,风味独特,是天然营养保健品。  相似文献