Meiotic analysis of the hybrids between cultivated and synthetic tetraploid groundnuts     

Nalini Mallikarjuna  Sandhya Srikanth  Ravi K. Vellanki  Deepak R. Jadhav  Kumkum Das  Hari D. Upadhyaya 《Plant Breeding》2012,131(1):135-138

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Cd~(2+)处理下超氧阴离子与花生萌发的关系     

林于凯 《安徽农业科学》2012,40(11):6394-6396

[目的]阐明Cd2+对花生(Arachis hypogaea L.)种子萌发的作用以及花生萌发过程中超氧阴离子(O2-.)含量的变化与酯酶同工酶、淀粉同工酶的关系。[方法]分别采用组织化学定位和电泳技术。[结果]10、30μmol/L Cd2+处理对花生胚根和下胚轴有显著的促进生长作用,使花生子叶中酯酶同工酶和淀粉同工酶活性增强,子叶以及胚根O2-.含量提高。[结论]酯酶同工酶和淀粉同工酶活性的提高与Cd2+诱导的超氧阴离子的提高相关。  相似文献   

花生ahFAD2A等位基因表达变异与种子油酸积累关系     

黄冰艳  张新友  苗利娟  高伟  韩锁义  董文召  汤丰收  刘志勇 《作物学报》2012,38(10):1752-1759

花生ahFAD2A是控制种子油酸、亚油酸含量和油亚比的关键基因。利用ahFAD2A基因特异引物检测远杂9102, 豫花9416等52个花生品种的ahFAD2A基因等位变异, 并比较其中13个品种的ahFAD2A基因序列。结果表明, 花生ahFAD2A基因存在G-A两种单核苷酸等位变异(野生型ahFAD2A-wt和突变体ahFAD2A-m), DNA序列比对结果证实, 豫花9416等10个品种(突变体)与远杂9102、延津花籽和开农白2号(野生型)相比, 在ahFAD2A基因的448 bp处存在核苷酸G-A突变。应用real-time PCR检测ahFAD2A等位基因在种子不同发育时期的表达动态显示突变体豫花9416等位基因(ahFAD2A-m)在种子发育中期表达量稍高, 种子发育后期表达量下降速度较野生型远杂9102(ahFAD2A-wt)更快。进一步测定豫花9416和远杂9102在种子不同发育时期的油酸、亚油酸积累和油亚比动态, 发现两品种间存在明显差异, 豫花9416在籽粒发育前期油酸相对含量已超过亚油酸, 油亚比大于１并逐渐增加, 而远杂9102到籽粒发育中后期油酸相对含量才高于亚油酸, 油亚比逐渐接近于１左右。  相似文献   

花生辐照后M_2代突变材料的SSR分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

苗华荣  胡晓辉  崔凤高  石运庆  陈静  禹山林 《核农学报》2010,24(4):680-683

以60Coγ射线辐照花生品种鲁花11号,通过调查其M2代植株农艺性状,筛选到7个叶部特征明显变异的突变材料,利用107对SSR引物对其进行PCR扩增,分析突变材料的DNA变异。结果发现突变材料与原品种之间存在不同程度的多态性,且均呈现多个位点突变。SSR标记的多态性分析表明,60 Co辐照诱变可使花生的DNA分子多个区段内发生重复或缺失等结构性变异。  相似文献   

30%噻虫胺·吡唑醚菌酯·苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂的研制 及其在花生田应用的效果     

曹海潮  刘庆顺  白海秀  韩君  杨士玲  薛明  刘峰 《中国农业科学》2019,52(20):3595-3604

【目的】 评价30%噻虫胺·吡唑醚菌酯·苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂对花生生长的安全性及防治花生土传病害和地下害虫的应用潜力。【方法】 制备30%噻虫胺·吡唑醚菌酯·苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂并测定其pH、黏度、悬浮率及冷热贮稳定性与冷热贮前后的药剂粒度分布变化。在室内,以200、400、800 g a.i./100 kg种子3个剂量进行温室盆栽安全性试验,统计各处理组的出苗时间及播种后14 d花生幼苗的株高、根长、茎叶鲜重、根鲜重与植株干重等生长指标,评价药剂对花生出苗及幼苗生长的安全性。在田间,设置100、200、400 g a.i./100 kg种子3个剂量进行花生种子包衣,以25%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵悬浮种衣剂（迈舒平）为对照药剂,进行两年三地的田间药效试验。【结果】 30%噻虫胺·吡唑醚菌酯·苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂达到GB/T17768—1999悬浮种衣剂产品标准。温室盆栽试验中,该药剂以200、400、800 g a.i./100 kg种子对花生出苗及幼苗生长安全。2016年以100、200、400 g a.i./100 kg种子3个剂量进行田间试验,药剂对花生冠腐病的防治效果分别为95.16%、97.98%、98.79%,对花生根腐病的防治效果分别为90.97%、92.26%、92.90%,对花生蚜（Aphis medicaginis）的防治效果分别为79.74%、92.48%、94.13%,且防治效果表现为随药剂剂量的增加而提高。相对于空白对照处理,药剂可以提高花生出苗率10.25%—13.21%,增加花生产量683.75—1 234.12 kg·hm ^-2。由此确定200 g a.i./100 kg种子为田间推荐剂量。2017年使用该剂量,对山东新泰和泰安两地花生冠腐病防治效果分别为81.12%与95.83%,对花生根腐病的防治效果分别为71.74%与92.93%,对地老虎(新泰)与花生茎腐病（泰安）的防治效果分别为93.33%与87.29%。与空白对照相比,在新泰试验中,出苗率提高了4.23%,产量提高了1 146.45 kg·hm ^-2;在泰安试验中,出苗率提高了10.75%,产量提高了1 715.70 kg·hm ^-2。【结论】 研发的30%噻虫胺·吡唑醚菌酯·苯醚甲环唑悬浮种衣剂对花生冠腐病、根腐病、茎腐病及花生蚜、地老虎均有一定的兼治效果,对花生出苗和生长安全并增加花生产量,具有较好的推广前景。  相似文献   

花生远缘杂交后代的氨基酸含量变异分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭振英  单雷  张智猛  李新国  万书波 《花生学报》2019,48(1):21-26

本实验室利用野生花生(A.monticola)与栽培品种(黑花生、桂花红)杂交,获得了一些具有高产性状的花生新材料。通过对这些远缘杂种后代种子的氨基酸含量进行检测,共能检测到17种水解氨基酸和20种游离氨基酸。其中含量最高的是谷氨酸,其次是天冬氨酸和精氨酸,三者的总和占总氨基酸含量的46.1%～47.3%。不同株系间氨基酸含量的变异系数有较大差异。本研究可为利用远缘杂交获得高产优质的花生新材料提供一定的理论依据。  相似文献   

花生脂肪酸延长酶基因ＡｈＦＡＥ１及其启动子的克隆与功能分析     

石磊  黄冰艳  齐飞艳  苗利娟  刘华  张忠信  高伟  董文召  汤丰收  张新友 《中国油料作物学报》2019,41(2):176

为探讨花生脂肪酸中低芥酸含量的原因,从花生中克隆了脂肪酸延长酶FAE1及其启动子序列,并进行了功能分析。结果表明,AhFAE1全长cDNA为2 202bp,含有441bp的5?非翻译区及201bp的3?非翻译区,编码蛋白含519aa,分子量58.17Da,理论等电点9.15,AhFAE1与麻疯树（Jatropha curcas ALB76796.1）、黄麻（Corchorus capsularis OMO87584.1）、拟南芥AtKCS4亲缘关系较近。亚细胞定位结果显示AhFAE1定位于内质网。qRT-PCR结果显示,AhFAE1在各个组织中均有表达,在种子中随着种子的发育成“钟”型变化,花后60d表达量最高。构建了植物表达载体,通过农杆菌介导法转化拟南芥研究启动子功能,利用GUS组织化学染色研究其表达特征,在任何组织中未发现GUS活性。推测AhFAE1可能参与了花生长链脂肪酸的合成,但是该基因启动子转录活性弱可能是造成花生中低芥酸含量的主要原因。   相似文献   

不同地区花生网斑病菌致病性鉴定及环境条件对致病力的影响     

许曼琳  吴菊香§  张霞§  鄢洪海  吕宾  于建垒  刘同金  于静  郭志青  迟玉成  万书波 《中国油料作物学报》2019,41(2):250

为了探明不同地区的花生网斑病菌致病力和筛选快速稳定的接种方法,以来自山东、云南和辽宁的6个不同地区的花生网斑病菌为材料,用孢子悬浮液对离体叶片和花生植株进行接种,结果表明致病力最强的菌株是WB-SY（分离自辽宁省沈阳市）。最佳接种条件为：开花末期使用高浓度孢子悬浮液（106/mL）,接种湿度保持在90%～100%之间持续保湿36h以上,温度在25～28℃之间,接种前黑暗处理24h,接种后近紫光（波长340～380nm）处理。本文筛选出的菌株和快速稳定的接种方法,将为抗病品种的筛选奠定基础。  相似文献   

Early generation testing for yield and physiological components in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)     

B.R. Ntare 《Euphytica》1999,107(2):141-147

Selection of superior crosses of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in early generations would increase the probability of identifying superior lines. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of selecting for physiological traits identified in a yield model [crop growth rate (C), reproductive duration (DR) and partitioning (p)] in segregating populations. Forty populations and nine parental lines were evaluated in replicated trials in 1992 (F2, 1993 (F3) and 1994 (F4) at three locations in Niger. Physiological traits were estimated from final yield and biomass as well as data on flowering and maturity. Regressions from two different parent-offspring generations (F2: F3 and F3: F4) were calculated. The results were compared to determine if early generation performance accurately predicts the performance of cross bulks in later generations. Differences were observed among populations and parents for all traits. Effects of locations were significant for C, p and DR in F2 and F3 but nonsignificant for yield and C in F4. Regression coefficients from F3: F2 were 0.10 ± 0.08 for C, 0.45 ± 0.17 for p, 0.10 ± 0.03 for DR and 0.16 ± 0.03 for pod yield. Based on F3: F4 regression, the coefficients were 0.12 ± 0.23 for C, 0.46 ± 0.17 for p and 0.57 ± 0.17 for yield. Parent-offspring correlations were in most cases similar to the regression values. It was concluded that selection for yield and model components in early generation bulks may inneffective. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

Hybridization barriers among the species of Arachis L., namely of the sections Arachis (including the groundnut) and Erectoides     

A.K. Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1998,45(1):41-45

Some members of section Erectoides have been found resistant to early leaf spot disease, a serious constraint to groundnut productivity. These accessions do not cross with cultivated species. Crossing between one such diploid species, A. paraguariensis (ICGs 8130 and 8973) of section Erectoides, and the diploids, A. batizocoi and A. duranensis, and the tetraploid A. hypogaea (groundnut) of section Arachis has helped understand barriers to hybridization between sections. These crosses result in the development of normal pegs and pods, but with of ovule and embryo development restricted or non-existent. Such restricted growth and embryo abortion is found to be due to cessation of early endosperm development in A. duranensis (2x) times A. paraguariensis (2x), the non-development of endosperm beyond the coenocytic stage in A. batizocoi (2x) times A. paraguariensis (2x), and the overgrowth of nucellar tissue into the embryo sac in case of A. hypogaea (4x) times A. paraguariensis (2x).The weak cross-compatibility between the species of two sections suggest relatively closer phylogenetic relationship between them, than with the other incompatible sections of the genus Arachis.  相似文献