4％烟嘧磺隆减量对玉米田杂草防效及玉米产量的影响     

宋春林  吴秋平  韩成卫 《安徽农业科学》2016,(4):157-158,162

[目的]评价4%烟嘧磺隆悬浮剂减量施用在玉米田杂草防治上的可行性。[方法]以郑单958为试验品种,研究1 500 m L/hm~24%烟嘧磺隆、750 m L/hm~24%烟嘧磺隆、750 m L/hm~24%烟嘧磺隆+增效剂A(99%甲酯化大豆油)、750 m L/hm~24%烟嘧磺隆+增效剂B(Silwet 408)4个除草剂减量施用对玉米田杂草防效及玉米产量的影响。[结果]添加增效剂能明显提高烟嘧磺隆除草剂的防效,较正常剂量或减量50%单施烟嘧磺隆处理药效提高了9.6%~27.0%,且施药后28 d药效降幅也最小,增效剂Silwet 408对玉米的安全性明显优于99%甲酯化大豆油,且防效好,玉米产量较不除草对照提高了16.6%。[结论]试验结果为玉米田杂草治理和化学除草剂减量使用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Optimized single irrigation can achieve high corn yield and water use efficiency in the Corn Belt of Northeast China     

《European Journal of Agronomy》2016

Decreasing the corn (Zea mays L.) gap between the potential yield and farm yield and reducing the risk of grain yield of drought are very important for corn production in the Corn Belt of Northeast China (CBNC). To achieve a high and stable corn yield, the effects of supplementary irrigation on yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were studied using a modelling approach. The Root Zone Water Quality Model 2 was parameterized and evaluated using two years of experimental data in aeolian sandy soil and black soil. The evaluated model was then used to investigate responses to various irrigation strategies (rainfed, full irrigation and 12 single irrigation scenarios) using long-term weather data from 1980 to 2012. Full irrigation guarantees a high and stable corn grain yield (12.92 Mg ha⁻¹ and has a coefficient of variation (CV) of 14.8% in aeolian sandy soil; 12.30 kg Ma⁻¹ and CV of 11.1% in black soil), but has a low water use efficiency (19.92 and 21.81 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) and a low irrigation water use efficiency (10.01 and 11.03 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹). A single irrigation can increase corn yields by 3–35% for aeolian sandy soil and 5–35% for black soil over different irrigation dates compared with no irrigation. The most suitable single irrigation date was during late June to early July for aeolian sandy soil (yield = 10.73 Mg ha⁻¹ and WUE = 27.94 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹) and early to mid-July for black soil (yield = 11.20 Mg ha⁻¹ and WUE = 27.70 kg ha⁻¹ mm⁻¹). The lowest yield risk of falling short of the yield goal of 8, 9, and 10 Mg ha⁻¹ were 9.1%, 18.2%, and 33.33% in aeolian sandy soil and 3.0%, 15.25, and 21.2% in black soil when an optimized single irrigation was applied in late June or early July, respectively. Therefore, an optimized single irrigation should be applied in late June to early July with the irrigation amount to refill soil water storage of root zone to field capacity in CBNC.  相似文献   

Multiple‐line cross QTL mapping for grain yield and thousand kernel weight in triticale          下载免费PDF全文

Wenxin Liu  Willmar L. Leiser  Jochen C. Reif  Matthew R. Tucker  Dominik Losert  Sigrid Weissmann  Volker Hahn  Hans Peter Maurer  Tobias Würschum 《Plant Breeding》2016,135(5):567-573

Grain yield and its component trait thousand kernel weight are important traits in triticale breeding programmes. Here, we used a large mapping population of 647 doubled haploid lines derived from four families to dissect the genetic architecture underlying grain yield and thousand kernel weight by multiple‐line cross QTL mapping. We identified 3 QTL for grain yield and 13 for thousand kernel weight which cross‐validated explained 5.2% and 48.2% of the genotypic variance, respectively. Both traits showed a positive phenotypic correlation, and we found two QTL overlapping between them. Full two‐dimensional epistasis scans revealed epistatic QTL for both traits, suggesting that epistatic interactions contribute to their genetic architecture. Based on QTL identified in our results, we conclude that the potential for marker‐assisted selection is limited for grain yield but more promising for thousand kernel weight.  相似文献   

玉米丝黑穗病对玉米产量损失程度研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

高立起石爱丽  董立王书卿  梁士民赵立新 《农学学报》2014,4(5):12-15

为了进一步探明玉米丝黑穗病对玉米产量造成的损失程度,对5个感玉米丝黑穗病品种进行发病情况观察及对产量损失影响程度的测定。经2个试验点调查发现,每个品种感病后部分病株都有分化穗的能力,一般分化穗株占病株数0.51%~14.64%,并且分化穗全部在病穗上位叶。其中病株分化穗表现为可授粉穗能够正常结实,并有商品价值;可授粉结实但灌浆不足,无商品价值;可授粉仅有粒型但未能灌浆;分化穗未能授粉等类型。结果表明少量病株分化穗株具有一定的结实能力,病株分化穗株结实产量比病株率减少损失0.13%~1.27%,因此玉米丝黑穗病产量损失率小于发病率。  相似文献   

黄淮海南片夏玉米区‘隆平206’高产栽培技术规程   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

牛峰 刘正张子学  韩坤龙马慧慧 《农学学报》2014,4(2):29-33

基于在沿淮淮北的生态气候条件与技术基础上,为了进一步对主推玉米品种‘隆平206’生产共性关键技术研究,集成黄淮南片夏玉米高产高效技术措施和技术标准规范,提出‘隆平206’在黄淮海南片的高产栽培技术规程,旨在为安徽省淮北玉米主产区提供技术理论依据和配套技术体系。研究采用二次通用旋转组合设计和计算机模拟选优的方法,对2011—2013年的优化栽培技术研究及高产创建应用,探讨了玉米高产栽培中的关键因子——密度、氮、钾肥与产量的回归关系。研究结果表明：‘隆平206’大面积高产群体产量结构指标为：收获株数60000~75000株/hm2;每穗500~650粒,千粒重350~360 g,平均穗行数15,行粒数33~35,单穗粒重160~220 g,穗长16~18 cm。‘隆平206’种植密度及N、K优化栽培技术方案：产量9750~10725 kg/hm2,要求纯氮施用量为247.5~306 kg/hm2,施钾量为261.3~315.9 kg/hm2,折合尿素540 kg/hm2,K2SO4 450 kg/hm2。本规程规定了‘隆平206’品种适宜的生态气候条件、产量及群体结构指标、技术路线、高产栽培技术、田间管理、适期收获等技术要求;提出了75000~11250 kg/hm2产量及群体结构指标;具体农艺方案：确定适宜的生态播种时期→条深旋种、肥一体化机播技术→中高密度→水肥调控→病虫草害综合防控→适时晚收。  相似文献   

Occurrence of Fusarium species in maize kernels grown in northwestern Spain     

O. Aguín  A. Cao  C. Pintos  R. Santiago  P. Mansilla  A. Butrón 《Plant pathology》2014,63(4):946-951

Fusarium poses food and feed safety problems because most species produce mycotoxins. To understand the epidemiology of the Fusarium disease, efforts must focus more precisely on how environmental variables affect disease presence. The objectives of the present study were to monitor the occurrence of Fusarium species in maize kernels in northwestern Spain to determine the risk of mycotoxin contamination and to identify environmental traits affecting the composition of the Fusarium species identified. A combination of 24 environments was evaluated. The percentage of kernels infected by F. verticillioides ranged from 33 to 99%, supporting the idea that fumonisin contamination is the main maize‐based feed and food safety concern in this area. In this region, temperature and humidity primarily affected Fusarium spp. occurrence. Warmer temperatures during the later stages of kernel development and during kernel drying increased the frequency of F. verticillioides in maize kernels, while the presence of F. subglutinans was increased by higher relative humidity during the silking stage and cooler temperatures during kernel drying.  相似文献   

玉米果穗出籽率遗传效应分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵延明 《中国农学通报》2009,25(3):72-74

摘要:采用朱军包括基因型×环境互作效应的加性-显性-母体遗传模型（ADM模型）分析方法,研究玉米果穗出籽率性状遗传主效应及其与环境互作遗传效应。结果表明：玉米果穗出籽率主要显性效应遗传体系控制,其次受加性效应遗传效应控制,同时还受加性×环境互作效应、显性×环境互作效应、母体×环境互作效应等不同遗传控制体系基因型×环境互作效应显著影响。对果穗出籽率性状的选择效果受环境影响较大,宜在较晚世代进行选择。育种中根据亲本果穗出籽率在不同环境中遗传效应预测值组配杂交组合,育成适应不同地区或某一特定地区的新品种,提高育种效率。  相似文献   

Reproducing kernel particle method for numerical analysis of Mindlin plate bending on a Winkler foundation     

ZENG Xiang yong  ZHU Ai jun  DENG An fu 《保鲜与加工》2009,(1):44-49

The reproducing kernel particle method (RKPM) is a typical meshless method based on kernel function simulation. Based on the interpolating shape function of RKPM and Mindlin plate theory, the governing equations of RKPM to the deflection solution of Mindlin plate bending on a Winkler elastic soil foundation are established. Numerical results indicate that the above method and the corresponding program are effective and accurate.  相似文献   

施氮量对玉米植株硝态氮含量及产量的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王林学  杨义  刘帮银  杨丽军  杨剑虹 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(15):6404-6406

[目的]探讨施氮量对玉米不同时期硝态氮含量及产量的影响。[方法]通过田间小区试验研究了施氮量01、503、004、50 kg/hm2对玉米植株硝态氮(NO3--N)含量及产量的影响。[结果]随玉米生育期的延长玉米各部位中NO3--N含量总体上呈下降趋势;在苗期、拔节期和灌浆期,不施氮处理的玉米植株硝态氮含量均低于各施氮处理,且这3个时期玉米各叶位的硝态氮含量与施氮量的相关性差异较大;第3叶位和6叶位的NO3--N含量在不同生育期的表现为:苗期3位叶高于6位叶,拔节期和灌浆期6位叶高于3位叶;3个时期的植株体内硝态氮含量,叶鞘均明显高于叶肉,且均在施氮量大于300 kg/hm2时氮含量增长减缓。[结论]施用氮肥可显著提高玉米籽粒和秸秆产量,合理施氮量应控制在300 kg/hm2左右。  相似文献   

不同玉米施肥量试验   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

任建德 《山西农业科学》2008,36(8)

肥料是玉米产量的物质基础,施肥总量不足、以及配比不当一直是尼日利亚玉米高产的主要制约因素,试验目的在于通过采取施足底肥适量追施苗肥和追施不同氮素水平穗肥的方法,探索不同施肥量对玉米产量及种植效益的影响,以便为尼国中部气候、土壤相似地区的玉米合理施肥水平提供参考依据。  相似文献