苦瓜主要经济性状的遗传及其与环境互作效应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张长远  罗剑宁  何晓莉  郑晓明  罗少波 《园艺学报》2009,36(12):1761-1766

 利用加性-显性与环境互作遗传模型, 分析了7个苦瓜亲本及其21个F1代在春、秋两个栽培 季节8个经济性状的数据, 估算了各项遗传方差分量。结果表明, 单株前期产量(单株前产) 、单瓜质量、果实纵径、果实横径、果肉厚和果形指数等6 个性状主要由加性效应控制, 加性方差的比率分别为45.2%、70.7%、89.4%、38.1%、41.2%和22.0% , 均达极显著水平; 单株产量和单株结果数则以加性×环境效应占优势(加性×环境方差的比率分别为24.5%和38.1% ) 。除单株结果数外, 其余性状的普通狭义遗传率和普通广义遗传率均达到极显著水平; 单株结果数的互作狭义和互作广义遗传率最高, 也达到了极显著水平。  相似文献   

Relating tradable credits for biodiversity to sustainability criteria in a dynamic landscape     

Douglas J. Bruggeman  Michael L. Jones  Kim Scribner  Frank Lupi 《Landscape Ecology》2009,24(6):775-790

Tradable biodiversity credit systems provide flexible means to resolve conflicts between development and conservation land-use options for habitats occupied by threatened or endangered species. We describe an approach to incorporate the influence of habitat fragmentation into the conservation value of tradable credits. Habitat fragmentation decreases gene flow, increases rates of genetic drift and inbreeding, and increases probabilities of patch extinction. Importantly, tradable credit systems will change the level of fragmentation over time for small and/or declining populations. We apply landscape equivalency analysis (LEA), a generalizable, landscape-scale accounting system that assigns conservation value to habitat patches based on patch contributions to abundance and genetic variance at landscape scales. By evaluating habitat trades using two models that vary the relationship between dispersal behaviors and landscape patterns, we show that LEA provides a novel method for limiting access to habitat at the landscape-scale, recognizing that the appropriate amount of migration needed to supplement patch recruitment and to offset drift and inbreeding will vary as landscape pattern changes over time. We also found that decisions based on probabilities of persistence alone would ignore changes in migration, genetic drift, and patch extinction that result from habitat trades. The general principle of LEA is that habitat patches traded should make at least equivalent contributions to rates of recruitment and migration estimated at a landscape scale. Traditional approaches for assessing the “take” and “jeopardy” standards under the Endangered Species Act based on changes in abundance and probability of persistence may be inadequate to prevent trades that increase fragmentation.  相似文献   

高等植物果实开裂相关基因的研究进展     

杨爱珍  张志毅  赵福宽  王有年 《北方园艺》2009,(5)

以拟南芥为例,概述了高等植物果实形成脱落区的相关基因及下游分离基因,探讨各基因间的互作关系,以期为调控植物果实脱落奠定理论基础,为尽快解决农业实践问题提供指导.  相似文献   

商陆抗病毒蛋白在植物抗病上的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈国菊  雷建军  曹必好 《长江蔬菜》2009,(20)

商陆抗病毒蛋白是指商陆属植物中的核糖体失活蛋白.阐述了商陆抗病毒蛋白的研究历史、意义、种类和理化性质,对病原菌的抗性、抗病机理及其在植物抗病上的应用情况等,并对它的应用前景作了展望.  相似文献   

草莓果实外源基因瞬时表达系统的建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘敏  滕文静  董清华  晁慧娟  李凤岚  邱德有 《果树学报》2009,26(1)

将东北红豆杉紫杉烷13α-羟基化酶(Taxane13α-hydroxylase,13OH)基因全长cDNA正向插入到pCAMBI-A1304,构建其植物表达载体pCT13OH;将水稻小RNA169d(microRNA169d,miRNA169d)基因前体(precursor)全长DNA正向插入到pCAMBIA1305.1,构建其植物表达载体pCO169d。用电击法把它们导入根癌农杆菌GV3101,获得有关工程菌株。用1mL无菌注射器分别将这2种工程农杆菌悬浮液注射到草莓(Fragaria×ananassa)授粉后1周、2周、3周的果实中,发现授粉后2周果实适宜注射,可用于瞬时表达。对授粉后2周的果实进行不同注射部位、根癌农杆菌不同活化时期和根癌农杆菌悬浮液不同注射量试验,以蒂部注射、根癌农杆菌活化12h和0.5mL悬浮液注射量的效果最好,与结构基因13OH和调节基因miRNA169d相融合的GUS基因都得到表达,瞬时表达成功。  相似文献   

介绍1个新的短蔓西瓜基因   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

杨华  李永刚 《中国瓜菜》2009,22(4):25-26

对在长蔓西瓜材料5-6y中发现的1株短节间突变体的研究显示,其受制于1对隐形基因。这1新的短蔓突变体(系)暂命名为d5-6y,它既不与已知的dw-1和dw-2等位,也无法与dw-3进行测定,建议将这一新的短蔓基因命名为dw-4。  相似文献   

流固耦合作用对离心泵内部流场影响的数值计算   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

裴吉  袁寿其  袁建平 《农业机械学报》2009,40(12):107-112

采用双向同步求解的方法对离心泵内流场和叶轮结构响应进行联合求解,研究了叶轮流固耦合作用对离心泵内部流场的影响.流场模拟基于Reynolds时均化N-S方程和标准k-ε两方程湍流模型,采用多重坐标系法;结构响应基于弹性体结构动力学方程.并将计算所得的流道网格变形、流场静压和速度的分布以及径向力等结果与非流固耦合计算的流场进行对比分析.分析结果表明,流固耦合作用使得流体和固体区域计算网格发生微小变形,这不仅会改变流体对固体载荷的分布,而且会影响结构对流体的做功作用,从而影响流场的分布;叶片相对隔舌不同位置时,叶轮出口处和蜗壳流道内流场的静压分布变化趋势不同;流场速度变化主要出现在叶片和叶轮出口附近;各时间点上径向力的大小和方向变化较明显.  相似文献   

大型矩形水工渡槽动力分析     

张多新  李玉河  宋万增 《灌溉排水学报》2009,28(2)

针对大型矩形渡槽的动力特性和动力响应问题,建立了流固耦合(FSI)系统的位移-压力(ui,p)有限元格式,给出流固耦合系统的动力特性方程;基于FSI系统的(ui,p)格式建立槽体-水体-槽墩-基础-地基系统的力学模型,采用非对称模态提取法求解了4种水深下渡槽的动力特性,并用隐式-显式积分算法计算了4种水深、2种强震作用下大型渡槽的动力响应。计算结果表明,基于FSI的(ui,p)格式,考虑到槽体与水体的相互作用,简化了计算模型,提高了计算精度,同时也得出不同水深、不同激励下渡槽结构动力特性和动力响应的变化规律等结论,可为大型渡槽及同类工程动力设计提供参考。  相似文献   

Family by environment interactions in shell size of 43-day old silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima), five families reared under different nursery conditions     

Renate Kvingedal  Brad S. Evans  Joseph J.U. Taylor  Jens Knauer  Dean R. Jerry 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,279(1-4):23-28

To understand the influence the environment and associated genotype by environment interactions will exert on future silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) selective breeding programs, this study assessed the relative performance in four shell growth traits of spat from five full-sib families, when spat were communally reared at different salinities (29, 34 and 40 ppt), food availability (high, medium and low), food quality (high, medium and low), and in a hatchery vs. ocean environment for 43 days.Rearing environment was found to influence growth expression, with significant differences evident when oysters were grown at different salinities in the ocean instead of hatchery, or when fed algae of differing nutritional quality. As indicated by MANOVA, family comparative growth performances were also altered when the environment changed, with significant environment by family interactions apparent in the food quality, food availability and hatchery vs. ocean rearing treatments. Changes in salinity, however, did not affect relevant family performances.These results indicate that growth and relative family performance in P. maxima may change dependent on local environmental conditions and that genotype by environment effects may need to be considered in breeding programs for this species.  相似文献   

病原检测基因芯片应用及在水产病害检测的前景   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

许拉  黄健  杨冰 《海洋水产研究》2008,29(1):109-114

基因芯片技术是近年来迅速发展起来的一项新技术,已成为国内外研究的热点。作为生物芯片技术发展中最完备的一个分支,基因芯片以其高通量、高灵敏性、高特异性的特点,在细菌、病毒、真菌等病原检测和鉴定方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文介绍了基因芯片的原理和作为检测手段的优越性,并综述了基因芯片技术在细菌和病毒检测方面的应用,分析了现有水产动物病原检测技术,提出了在现有水产动物病原生物信息学的基础上,研发水产养殖动物病害诊断基因芯片的策略。  相似文献