Mutants in wheat showing multipathogen resistance to biotrophic fungal pathogens   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

L. A. Boyd  P. H. Smith†  N. Hart‡ 《Plant pathology》2006,55(4):475-484

Five fast-neutron-derived mutants were isolated from the wheat line Hobbit 'sib' that show enhanced field resistance towards Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici , the causal agent of yellow rust. Subsequent testing showed the yellow rust resistance phenotypes to differ between mutants, to be expressed at different growth stages and, in some cases, to show an isolate interaction. Three mutants, I3-48, I3-49 and I3-54, exhibited an enhanced yellow rust resistance phenotype from the third seedling leaf onwards, while mutants I3-27 and I3-30 did not show an altered yellow rust phenotype until later growth stages. Additional resistance for brown rust (causal agent Puccinia triticina ) was identified in mutants I3-27, I3-30, I3-48 and I3-49, and for powdery mildew caused by Blumeria graminis f.sp. tritici in mutants I3-27, I3-30, I3-48 and I3-54, although in some cases the resistance was isolate-specific.  相似文献   

薇甘菊柄锈菌生物学及其寄主专一性   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付卫东  杨明丽  丁建清 《中国生物防治》2006,22(1):67-72

在检疫温室条件下对外来入侵植物薇甘菊的寄生菌——薇甘菊柄锈菌的生物学及其寄主专化性进行了研究。结果表明，薇甘菊柄锈菌可以侵染植物叶片和叶柄等营养器官。受侵染部位起始出现褪绿斑，12～15d，自叶背产生黄色冬孢子堆，并逐步坏死和脱落，最终致寄主死亡。冬孢子黄至暗褐色，包埋在寄主组织中，无明显休眠期。高湿条件下，冬孢子易萌发产生担孢子进行再侵染。采用悬挂法对29个科、62个属的72种植物进行了寄主专化性测定，结果表明，薇甘菊柄锈菌在菊科植物天门冬、紫茎泽兰、向日葵、地胆草上形成褪绿斑，但未发现菌丝和吸器。薇甘菊柄锈菌可成功侵染薇甘菊和同属植物假泽兰。  相似文献   

小麦叶锈菌的特异性分子诊断检测技术   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曹丽华  徐世昌  陈万权  刘太国  蔺瑞明 《植物保护学报》2007,34(6):561-566

小麦叶锈病由Puccinia triticina引起,是我国小麦生产上的重要病害。本研究旨在建立小麦叶锈菌快速、准确的PCR诊断检测技术体系,用于病害精准测报和综合防控。以真菌β-微管蛋白基因的保守序列为引物,进行小麦锈菌gDNA的PCR比较分析,发现小麦叶锈菌具有长度为268bp的特异性DNA片段;序列分析后设计了2对专化性引物,成功获得检测灵敏度为5.00pg/μL模板DNA浓度水平的小麦叶锈菌种的特异性SCAR标记。对55个来自我国不同麦区的小麦叶锈菌标样以及其它麦类病原真菌的检测表明,该叶锈菌标记的检测可靠性达100%。人工接种条件下,叶锈菌侵染24h后,即可在小麦叶片内检测到该标记。  相似文献   

A lesion-mimic mutant of wheat with enhanced resistance to leaf rust   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

C. A. Kamlofski  E. Antonelli  C. Bender  M. Jaskelioff†  C. H. Danna‡  R. Ugalde  A. Acevedo 《Plant pathology》2007,56(1):46-54

A lesion-mimic mutant was obtained from a mutagenic treatment performed with ethyl methanesulfonate on the Argentine bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) cultivar Sinvalocho M.A. The HLP (hypersensitive-like phenotype) mutant exhibited tiny, discrete, white lesions in the absence of any pathogen, resembling the typical hypersensitive response (HR). The lesions only became evident once the fifth or sixth leaf emerged, and spread at random along the leaf blades and leaf sheaths of the developing plant, including tissues of the spike. Because the lesion-mimic mutant showed no lesions at the seedling stage, the phenotypes of both the mutant and its mother line were identical at this point. Histochemical studies showed that spontaneous hypersensitive-like lesions in the HLP mutant corresponded to cell death. In leaf-rust ( Puccinia triticina ) infection experiments performed at seedling and adult-plant stages, adult HLP plants showed enhanced resistance to leaf-rust attack compared with plants of Sinvalocho M.A. of comparable developmental stage, suggesting that the HLP mutation may confer increased resistance to the fungus. Because enhanced resistance coincided with the presence of spontaneous HR lesions, activation of HLP plant defence responses appeared to be tightly linked to this phenomenon. Final plant height and yield components in the lesion-mimic mutant did not differ from those of the mother line, indicating that the HLP mutation caused no detrimental pleiotropic effects that significantly affected agronomic performance. These data support the direct use of mutations in disease-resistance breeding.  相似文献   

小麦条锈菌吸器分离方法研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

魏国荣  汤春蕾  李芳芳  成玉林  孙晓歌 《安徽农业科学》2012,(36):17575+17697

[目的]从小麦条锈菌侵染的叶片中分离纯度较高且结构较完整的吸器.[方法]根据锈菌吸器表面含有可以与伴刀豆球蛋白凝集素(Concanavalin A)结合的糖类物质的特性,参照蚕豆锈菌吸器的分离方法对小麦条锈菌吸器进行了分离.[结果]从被条锈菌侵染小麦叶片中成功分离出条锈菌吸器,提取吸器的纯度为83.3％,提取率为5.0×105个/g小麦叶片鲜重.[结论]根据蚕豆锈菌吸器的分离方法,稍作改进,成功分离得到小麦条锈茵吸器,为小麦条锈菌功能基因组学及其致病机制的研究奠定了基础.  相似文献   

早熟禾锈病的研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

陆世光  吕庆茹  曹洪梅 《东北林业大学学报》1999,27(3):51-55

人工接种实验结果证明，哈尔滨市早熟禾锈病是由冠锈菌引起的，其转主寄主为：小叶鼠李、金刚鼠李和东北鼠李。该病菌主要以冬孢子越冬，也有少量夏孢子可以越冬。用夏孢子人工接种潜育期为９￣１４ｄ，用锈孢子人工接种在２０℃时潜育期为８￣１２ｄ。早熟禾锈病的发病高峰期一般在８月上旬￣９月上旬，病情的轻重与降雨量关系较大。防治试验结果表明：用火烧去草坪上的干枯叶能推迟和降低发病率１０％；定期合理修剪草坪，茬高８ｃ  相似文献   

中国小麦条锈病流行体系与持续治理研究回顾与展望   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈万权  徐世昌  吴立人 《中国农业科学》2007,40(Z1):3107-3113

  相似文献   

Comparison Study on Effects of Three Chinese Herbal Medicine on Intestinal Morphology in Weaning Piglets     

LI Hui-feng  LI Qing-hong  LI Hong-quan  HAO Rui-rong  CHEN Jian-hui  GU Jian-wen 《中国畜牧兽医》2015,42(9):2459-2466

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of three Chinese herbal medicine (medicated leaven, hawthorn, fructus hordei germinates) on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in weaning piglets.40 28-day old ternary pigs (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire) with the body weight (8.13±1.32)kg were divided into four groups, control group, medicated leaven group, hawthorn group and fructus hordei germinates group, and feeding with 1% Chinese herbal medicine, there were two repeats in each group and each repeat had 5 piglets, slaughtering and sampling at 7th and 14th day morning, respectively, sections were used for HE staining.The staining tissues were taken pictures under a microscope camera (200×) and measured VH, CD, IWT and V/C in different parts of small intestine with Image-Pro Plus.The result showed that the IWH of ileum in medicated leaven group was significantly or extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.05;P<0.01).The VH and IWT of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day in hawthorn group were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The IWT of ileum and the VH of ileum at 14th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).In fructus hordei germinates group, the VH of duodenum and jejunum at 7th day and IWT of jejunum were extremely significantly lower than control group (P<0.01);The CD of ileum at 7th day, the IWT of duodenum and ileum at 7th day were extremely significantly higher than control group (P<0.01).The effects of different simple Chinese herbal medicine on histomorphology of different parts of small intestine in piglets were different, because of the different digestive functions of small intestine, the most effects of Chinese herbal medicine an duodenum, jejunum and ileum were fructus hordei germinates, medicated leaven and hawthorn, respectively.  相似文献   

Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrH9020a Transferred from Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng on Wheat Chromosome 6D     

LIU Ze-guang YAO Wei-yuan SHEN Xue-xue CHAO Kai-xiang FAN Yu LI Min-zhou WANG Bao-tong LI Qiang JING Jin-xue 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2014,(12):2577-2583

Stripe rust （yellow rust）, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. H9020-1-6-8-3 is a translocation line originally developed from interspeciifc hybridization between wheat line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and is resistant to most Pst races in China. To identify the resistance gene（s） in the translocation line, H9020-1-6-8-3 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were tested with prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR32 under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that there is a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH9020a, conferring resistance to CYR32. The resistance gene was mapped by the F2 population from Mingxian 169/H9020-1-6-8-3. It was linked to six microsatellite markers, including Xbarc196, Xbarc202, Xbarc96, Xgpw4372, Xbarc21, and Xgdm141, lfanked by Xbarc96 and Xbarc202 with at 4.5 and 8.3 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal locations of these markers and the test of Chinese Spring （CS） nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the gene was assigned to chromosome 6D. According to the origin and the chromosomal location, YrH9020a might be a new resistance gene to stripe rust. The lfanking markers linked to YrH9020a could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.  相似文献   

Genetic basis of seedling-resistance to leaf rust in bread wheat 'Thatcher'   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. N. Mishra    K. Kaushal    G. S. Shirsekar    S. R. Yadav    R. N. Brahma    H. N. Pandey 《Plant Breeding》2005,124(5):514-516

The bread wheat cultivar ‘Thatcher’ is documented to carry the gene Lr22b for adult‐plant resistance to leaf rust. Seedling‐resistance to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina in the bread wheat cultivar ‘Thatcher’, the background parent of the near‐isogenic lines for leaf rust resistance genes in wheat, is rare and no published information could be found on its genetic basis. The F₂ and F₃ analysis of the cross ‘Agra Local’ (susceptible) × ‘Thatcher’ showed that an apparently incompletely dominant gene conditioned seedling‐resistance in ‘Thatcher’ to the three ‘Thatcher’‐avirulent Indian leaf rust pathotypes – 0R8, 0R8‐1 and 0R9. Test of allelism revealed that this gene (temporarily designated LrKr1) was derived from ‘Kanred’, one of the parents of ‘Thatcher’. Absence of any susceptible F₂ segregants in a ‘Thatcher’ × ‘Marquis’ cross confirmed that an additional gene (temporarily designated LrMq1) derived from ‘Marquis’, another parent of ‘Thatcher’, was effective against pathotype 0R9 alone. These two genes as well as a second gene in ‘Kanred’ (temporarily designated LrKr2), which was effective against all the three pathotypes, but has not been inherited by ‘Thatcher’, seem to be novel, undocumented leaf rust resistance genes.  相似文献