北盘江2种典型增殖放流鱼类突进游速研究     

莫伟均  王从锋  刘德富  寇方露  熊锋  汪玲珑  秦孝辉 《南方水产》2014,(3):9-14

长臀（Cranoglanis bouderius）和白甲鱼（Onychostoma sima）是目前北盘江主要放流鱼类,但这2种鱼的放流效果差异较大。由于鱼类的突进游速在一定程度上影响增殖放流的效果,故试验采用自制测试装置,用递增流速法测试了2种鱼的突进游速。结果显示,白甲鱼的突进游速大于长臀,且2种鱼的突进游速均随体长增加而近似线性增大;而相对突进游速则随着体长的增加而近似线性减小。研究结果可为北盘江鱼类增殖放流和放流效果评估,以及日后北盘江的拦鱼、诱鱼、集鱼船等鱼类资源保护措施的实施提供参考。  相似文献   

新型风味素对养殖脊尾白虾海鲜风味的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐年军 《水产学报》2005,29(4):507-511

运用感官分析和GC/MS技术研究了两种新型海洋风味素对养殖脊尾白虾的感官特征和海鲜风味的影响,以及在暂养过程中的吸收规律。在脊尾白虾室内暂养的饲料中添加从海藻中提取的两种新型风味素DBP和TBP,经过一段时间的暂养后分别测定其体内的风味素含量,并进行感官分析,对各个实验组的明度、色调、香味、风味、异味、滋味、味觉、弹性和嫩度等感官指标进行分析比较、打分,并对虾的色泽、嗅觉、味觉、触觉等感官特征进行整体的描述与评价。结果表明:脊尾白虾能通过饲料添加的途径吸收一定浓度的风味素,两种风味素在脊尾白虾体内的累积能力各不相同。在实验条件下,脊尾白虾肉中风味素TBP的最大累积量为754.5ng·g-1,而对DBP的最大累积量为172.2ng·g-1。感官分析表明,通过在暂养过程中添加适量的风味素TBP可提高脊尾白虾的总体口感和海鲜风味。在脊尾白虾肉中的TBP含量在162.6～451.8ng·g-1时,脊尾白虾具有最好的口感和海鲜味。  相似文献   

活品流通过程中虾夷扇贝风味品质的变化   总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1  

杨婷婷  刘俊荣  俞微微  沈建  马永生  田元勇 《水产学报》2015,39(1):136-146

为探索采捕后活品贝类品质的变化规律及评价体系,本研究以活品底播虾夷扇贝为研究对象,针对其闭壳肌的感官及理化特性,系统探讨了在活品流通过程中的风味品质变化规律.根据产业现有的流通模式,建立湿运和干运2条模拟流通链进行为期7d的跟踪研究,通过感官及理化分析监测其风味品质的变化情况;感官监测的指标包含气味、滋味、后味、质地及色泽等5个方面,理化分析包括游离氨基酸、核苷酸关联物、糖原、状态指数CI、剪切力以及蒸煮损失率等指标;针对分析检测结果,首先采用主成分分析方法(PCA)分析风味特征的变化规律,再通过偏最小二乘法(PLS2)对感官和理化二者间的相关性进行分析.研究结果发现,流通链初期,采捕后的剧烈胁迫导致风味品质短暂下降,感官分析出现了苦味、酸味等非愉悦描述词;流通链中期,逐渐适应并处于比较稳定的净化环境条件,风味品质得到恢复,风味特征主要体现在甜味、鲜味、海鲜味等愉悦描述词方面;流通链后期,苦味及酸味等非愉悦描述词再次出现.理化指标的分析结果表明,活品流通过程中扇贝的生命状态整体上呈下降趋势.对比干运与湿运,无论是感官品质还是生命状态,均发现干运在较短期运输(≤2d)时优于湿运,湿运则在较长运输期(≥3 d)时显现出一定优势.感官与理化的相关性分析结果表明,二者之间有关联的特征指标分别为,感官特征的甜(T-ST)、鲜(AT-UM)和奶香(O-DR),理化指标的Gly、Glu、Arg、ATP、AEC及CI,这些指标能够较客观地反映采捕后虾夷扇贝活品流通过程中的风味品质差异,可为建立活品贝类流通过程的品质评价体系提供参考.  相似文献   

Effect of three diets on the gametogenic development and fatty acid profile of Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816) gonads     

Andreia I. G. Raposo  Susana M. F. Ferreira  Rodolfo Ramos  Pedro M. Santos  Catarina Anjos  Teresa Baptista  Carla Tecelo  Jos L. Costa  Ana Pombo 《Aquaculture Research》2019,50(8):2023-2038

In this study, the effects of three diets were investigated to enhance Paracentrotus lividus production for commercial purposes. P. lividus were fed ad libitum for 80 days with: diet A—fresh Codium tomentosum Stackhouse, 1797; diet B—formulated using a jellified mix of macroalgae and vegetables, including C. tomentosum (20%), Coralina sp. Linnaeus, 1758 (17%), cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata Linnaeus, 1753 (30%), carrot Daucus carota Linnaeus, 1753 (30%) and agar (3%) as a gelling agent. Diet C consisted of maize Zea mays Linnaeus, 1753 (56%) and New Zealand spinach Tetragonia tetragonoides (Pallas, 1781) Kuntze, 1891 (44%). Their effects on the gonadal and somatic growths, gonadosomatic index (GI) and gametogenesis were evaluated, as well as on the total lipid content and fatty acid composition of sea urchin's gonads. Diet A provided high values of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Gonads of sea urchins fed with diet A were found mostly in growth and maturation stages of gametogenesis and showed the lowest lipid content. Sea urchins fed with diet B presented their gonads in the reabsorption stage and had the highest values of omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Sea urchins fed with diet C were in the early stages of gametogenesis and had the highest values of lipid content, plus omega‐6 PUFAs. Once as an ingredient in a balanced mix with vegetables, C. tomentosum can be a key factor to the development of new promising high‐quality and low‐cost feed for P. lividus roe enhancement.  相似文献   

东海区发展水产资源增养殖的设想   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

倪正泉  陶虎德 《海洋水产研究》1994,(15):131-139

东海区海岸线和岛屿岸线分别占全国的34%和49.1%,面积大于500m~2的岛屿共3481个,潍涂面积占全国的46.7%。港湾众多,总面积25507 km~2,0～20 m 水深的浅海面积64461 km~2,约占全国50%。东海区栖息了许多名特优的渔业资源,海洋生物具有相当的丰度和广度,水文环境稳定,营养盐类丰富,初级生产力高,也是多种鱼类、虾类、蟹类的栖息、繁殖场所。东海区(包括福建省、浙江省、上海市和江苏省)1991年海水增养殖面积达1335 km~2,总产量48.0万 t。全区具有较大规模的海带育苗、紫菜育苗、贝类育苗、虾类育苗、海蜇育苗的场地和设备。鱼类育苗技术不断提高.现已进行了约80个种类的人工、半人工育苗及20个种类的增殖放流或移植、自然增殖的试验。海水养殖种类达40～50种。东海区得天独厚的具有高经济价值的鳗苗和中华绒螫蟹苗的天然苗种资源。东海区既是全国海水增养殖业的重要基地也希望取得周边国家和地区的支持和合作。提出了今后(2000年止)发展的具体设想内容及主要项目,以及应采取的措施等,具有指导意义。  相似文献   

贵州山区玉米种质的改良   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张志国 《玉米科学》2004,12(4):026-028

贵州山区玉米种质对贵州省的玉米育种和玉米生产有着重大贡献,但贵州山区玉米种质需要进行遗传改良和扩增,才能发挥良好作用.概述了贵州山区玉米种质的特点及其改良情况,并对贵州山区玉米种质的改良发展方向进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Modelling soil erodibility in mountain rangelands of southern Kyrgyzstan     

Maksim KULIKOV  Udo SCHICKHOFF  Alexander GRÖNGRÖFT  Peter BORCHARDT 《土壤圈》2020,30(4):443-456

Soil erosion in mountain rangelands in Kyrgyzstan is an emerging problem due to vegetation loss caused by overgrazing. It is further exacerbated by mountain terrain and high precipitation values in Fergana range in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The main objective of this study was to map soil erodibility in the mountainous rangelands of Kyrgyzstan. The results of this effort are expected to contribute to the development of soil erodibility modelling approaches for mountainous areas. In this study, we mapped soil erodibility at two sites, both representing grazing rangelands in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan and having potentially different levels of grazing pressure. We collected a total of 232 soil samples evenly distributed in geographical space and feature space. Then we analyzed the samples in laboratory for grain size distribution and calculated soil erodibility values from these data using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) K-factor formula. After that, we derived different terrain indices and ratios of frequency bands from ASTER GDEM and LANDSAT images to use as auxiliary data because they are among the main soil forming factors and widely used for prediction of various soil properties. Soil erodibility was significantly correlated with channel network base level (geographically extrapolated altitude of water channels), remotely sensed indices of short-wave infrared spectral bands, exposition, and slope degree. We applied multiple regression analysis to predict soil erodibility from spatially explicit terrain and remotely sensed indices. The final soil erodibility model was developed using the spatially explicit predictors and the regression equation and then improved by adding the residuals. The spatial resolution of the model was 30 m, and the estimated mean adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.47. The two sites indicated different estimated and predicted means of soil erodibility values (0.035 and 0.039) with a 0.05 significance level, which is attributed mainly to the considerable difference in elevation.  相似文献   

非热处理对蜂花粉杀菌效果及品质的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

延莎  王斐然  赵柳微  吴黎明 《核农学报》2020,34(8):1754-1762

为探究更有利于保留蜂花粉原有营养和风味的杀菌方法,本研究分别用辐照、超高压和高压静电场3种非热杀菌技术处理蜂花粉,并测定营养及风味的指标。结果表明,7 kGy辐照、500 MPa超高压、30 kV高场强处理对蜂花粉中的微生物均有抑制作用,且辐照对细菌的抑制效果较好,超高压和高压静电场对真菌的抑制效果较好。经500 MPa超高压处理后,蜂花粉脂类含量增加了23.3%,酚酸等活性成分含量增加,且其抗氧化活性降低程度最小,颜色和风味最接近未处理蜂花粉;30 kV高场强处理后,蜂花粉抗氧化活性显著下降、颜色偏深偏暗;7 kGy辐照处理后产生了明显的辐照味。综上,蜂花粉经超高压灭菌能达到较好的杀菌效果,而且能最大限度保持蜂花粉原有品质。本研究为非热杀菌技术在蜂花粉加工产业中的应用提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

大米中风味物质的形成与变化     

韩丽欣  任红波  孟利 《中国农学通报》2022,38(30):126-134

为了研究大米中风味物质的形成与变化,本研究归纳了大米中主要风味物质的组成,分析了生长因素、遗传因素对风味物质形成的影响以及在储藏中挥发物含量的变化,并对大米释放香味的方式进行探讨,阐述了大米中的风味物质从来源、积累到释放的全过程。在风味物质形成的过程中,一些挥发性化合物产生的条件并未明确,且对大米遗传因素研究方面还较不全面。目前对于香气物质2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)的研究较广泛,而其他物质的遗传因素不全面。  相似文献   

京郊风味甜瓜整枝留果方式探索试验     

李婷  张静  李万元  刘中华 《蔬菜》2021,(3):12-14

为提高风味甜瓜的产量,以"帅果7号"为试验材料,采用随机区组试验方法,设置单蔓整枝留1果、单蔓整枝留2果、双蔓整枝留2果3个处理,研究不同整枝及留果方式对风味甜瓜生长、产量和品质的影响.结果表明:风味甜瓜单蔓整枝留1果和双蔓整枝留2果效果均佳,果实大小适中,果形周正,果实含糖量以单蔓整枝留1果处理最佳,667 m2产量...  相似文献