山西设施土壤养分与盐分特征研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴忠红 《农业与技术》2007,27(1):81-84

对山西省主要设施农业区土壤盐分和养分现状进行了调查分析,结果表明,土壤可溶性盐、EC值、速效养分均高于大田土壤,土壤pH值出现了降低趋势,有机质含量增幅不大,养分全量盈亏参差。土壤可溶性盐含量已接近次生盐渍化和作物生理障碍临界值,土壤有机质含量较低和土壤养分库中N、P盈余、K亏耗的局面及大量施用化学肥料后引发的土壤属性“载体化”的现象应引起足够的重视。  相似文献   

硬水抑制一品红生长的主因子初探   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

孙兆法  翟晓灵  丁世民  韩明三 《西北农业学报》2006,15(5):210-213

硬水显著抑制一品红生长。开花时浇硬水的植株株高、枝长、花径、冠幅显著小于浇反渗纯净水的植株,两者基质的pH值相似(硬水、纯水分别为7.16、7.11),但是电导率差异显著(硬水、纯水分别为2.2、1.1ms/cm)。基质起始pH值显著影响盆栽基质的pH值和一品红生长,在5.1~5.8范围内随着基质起始pH值的升高一品红生长量增加,基质pH值也增加到5.6~6.7。水源pH值调整对盆栽基质的pH值和一品红生长也有影响,但是幅度较小。初步推断,硬水主要通过盐分积累抑制一品红生长。  相似文献   

SEVERITY OF SALINITY ACCURATELY DETECTED AND CLASSIFIED ON A PADDOCK SCALE WITH HIGH RESOLUTION MULTISPECTRAL SATELLITE IMAGERY     

R. Setia  M. Lewis  P. Marschner  R. Raja Segaran  D. Summers  D. Chittleborough 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2013,24(4):375-384

We hypothesised that digital mapping of various forms of salt‐affected soils using high resolution satellite imagery, supported by field studies, would be an efficient method to classify and map salinity, sodicity or both at paddock level, particularly in areas where salt‐affected patches are small and the effort to map these by field‐based soil survey methods alone would be inordinately time consuming. To test this hypothesis, QuickBird satellite data (pan‐sharpened four band multispectral imagery) was used to map various forms of surface‐expressed salinity in an agricultural area of South Australia. Ground‐truthing was performed by collecting 160 soil samples over the study area of 159 km². Unsupervised classification of the imagery covering the study area allowed differentiation of severity levels of salt‐affected soils, but these levels did not match those based on measured electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of the soil samples, primarily because the expression of salinity was strongly influenced by paddock‐level variations in crop type, growth and prior land management. Segmentation of the whole image into 450 paddocks and unsupervised classification using a paddock‐by‐paddock approach resulted in a more accurate discrimination of salinity and sodicity levels that was correlated with EC and SAR. Image‐based classes discriminating severity levels of salt‐affected soils were significantly related with EC but not with SAR. Of the spectral bands, bands 2 (green, 520–600 nm) and 4 (near‐infrared, 760–900 nm) explained the majority of the variation (99 per cent) in the spectral values. Thus, paddock‐by‐paddock classification of QuickBird imagery has the potential to accurately delineate salinity at farm level, which will allow more informed decisions about sustainable agricultural management of soils. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

人参生炭疽菌(Colletotrichum panacicola)和线列炭疽菌(C. lineola)的生物学特性及其对不同杀菌剂的敏感性研究     

张琳  占浩鑫  冯志伟  宋明海  杨杰  刘丽萍  高洁 《植物病理学报》2022,52(4):648-657

 近年来,炭疽属真菌(Colletotrichum spp.)引起的人参炭疽病,给人参生产造成了重大经济损失。本文选取分离自我国吉林省栽培人参上的两种炭疽菌人参生炭疽菌(Colletotrichum panacicola)和线列炭疽菌(C. lineola),通过平板培养,测定了它们在不同培养基、温度、碳源、氮源、pH值和光照条件下的生物学特性;采用菌丝生长速率法测定了其对14种杀菌剂的敏感性。结果表明,两种炭疽菌的最适生长温度均为25 ℃,最适生长pH值均为7,光暗交替有利于两种菌的菌丝生长。其中,人参生炭疽菌的菌丝生长最适培养基为V8汁培养基,最适碳源和氮源分别是淀粉和硝酸钾;线列炭疽菌的菌丝生长最适培养基为PDA和PSA培养基,最适碳源和氮源分别是淀粉和硝酸铵;两种炭疽菌对13种药剂敏感,咯菌睛、戊唑醇、抑霉唑、多菌灵、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、己唑醇、甲基硫菌灵8种药剂对两种炭疽菌的室内抑菌活性较好,EC₅₀值均小于5.0 μg·mL^-1。咯菌睛、戊唑醇、抑霉唑、多菌灵、氟环唑、苯醚甲环唑、己唑醇、甲基硫菌灵8种药剂对两种炭疽菌的室内抑菌活性较好,EC₅₀值均小于5.0 μg·mL^-1,其中咯菌睛抑菌活性最强,EC₅₀值均小于0.1 μg·mL^-1。两种炭疽菌对同一药剂的敏感性存在差异,线列炭疽菌对吡唑醚菌酯敏感性较高,EC₅₀值小于0.1 μg·mL^-1,而人参生炭疽菌对该药剂的敏感性相对较低(EC₅₀值高于200 μg·mL^-1)。该结果为人参炭疽病发病规律的研究及其田间有效防治奠定了基础。  相似文献   

西芹黄萎病防治药剂筛选和毒力测定     

黎永坚  杨紫红  陈远凤 《勤云标准版测试》2009,29(15)

本文针对西芹黄萎病病原菌开展室内防治药剂筛选和药剂毒力测定。按照药剂最大推荐剂量从14种供试药剂中初筛出8种有效药剂,以进口多菌灵、菌哥、新世生、瓜果类太宝、太医最佳,对菌丝生长的抑制率达100%。8种药剂对病原菌菌丝生长的EC50依次为进口多菌灵（0.0063 mg/ml）＜太医（0.0073 mg/ml）＜活根菌灭（0.0077 mg/ml）＜枯萎灵（0.0079 mg/ml）＜瓜果类太保（0.0092 mg/ml）＜根腐宁（0.0103 mg/ml）＜新世生(0.0192 mg/ml) ＜菌哥（0.0844mg/ml）,进口多菌灵和活根菌灭对病原菌孢子萌发的EC50分别为1.50×10-4 mg/ml和1.55×10-4 mg/ml。  相似文献   

4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂防治菜青虫试验研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王孟文  甘长霞  杜建玲  王玉清  郭维胜  刘均革  韩玉敏 《天津农业科学》2008,14(5)

设4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂3个不同剂量与4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油及清水对照进行菜青虫防效试验,结果表明,4.5%高效氯氰菊酯水乳剂与其乳油剂防治菜青虫效果相当,防治菜青虫的最佳施用剂量为40～80 g/667 m2。  相似文献   

Oleuropein-Specific-13-Glucosidase Activity Marks the Early Response of Olive Fruits （Olea europaea） to Mimed Insect Attack     

Antonia Spadafora  ;Silvia Mazzuca  ;Francesca Fiorella Chiappetta  ;Attilio Parise  ;Enzo Perri  ;AnnaMafia Innocenti 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(6):703-712

Olive fruits are seriously deteriorated by pre and postharvest damage due to the attack of insects, such as Bactrocera olaea, which strongly alters the quality of olives. Defence response in olive fruits injured both by pathogens and by mechanical damages has been associated with the enzyme β-glucosidase, which specifically hydrolyses oleuropein, producing highly reactive aldehyde molecules. In situ detection of ~-glucosidase activity in olive fruit tissues following injury, which simulates Bactrocera oleae punctures, is reported. The assay was performed in two cultivars showing different degrees of susceptibilities to fly infestation. In both cultivars, the histochemical assay for β-glucosidase showed that within 20 min after the injury, a strong ~-glucosidase activity could be observed in the damaged tissues. Thereafter a progressive enzyme inactivation occurred starting from tissues around the boundary of the injury with decrease of the enzyme activity and stopped after 3 h. Whereas the mass of active cells reached a distance of （300±50） μm from the edge of the injury. Biochemical analyses showed that in extracts of the injured fruit, β-glucosidase activity rapidly increased within 20 min from injury, thereafter decreasing and reaching values comparable with those in intact fruits. Following puncture, the oleuropein contents did not change significantly in the high susceptibility cultivar, whereas it rapidly decreased in the cultivar showing low susceptibility. The results strongly suggest that olive fruits susceptible towards fly infestation could be related to the ability of the oleuropein-degrading-β-glucosidase to produce the highly reactive molecules in the damaged tissues. As a consequence of puncture, high level of peroxidase activity was detected. This feature also suggested that this enzyme could play a key role in the defence response against insect injuries.  相似文献   

再生水灌溉对玉米根际土壤特性和微生物的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

苗战霞  黄占斌  侯利伟  蔡松涛  何晨玲  王文萍  袁志丹  许晶 《农业环境科学学报》2008,27(1):62-66

本研究采用盆栽试验方法,以清水灌溉为对照,分析了不同水质再生水在不同灌溉模式下对玉米根际土壤特性的影响.结果表明,在土壤理化性质方面,再生水灌溉情况下,玉米土壤pH值和电导率(EC)与对照均无显著差异,但pH、EC与灌溉用水pH、EC呈正相关.在土壤营养方面,与对照相比,后期灌三级再生水情况下有效磷、全钾和全氮含量、前期灌二级再生水情况下有效磷和有机质含量均显著增高,这与玉米收获期鲜重和于重测定结果一致,说明前期灌二级再生水和后期灌三级再生水均抑制了根系对养分的吸收,导致玉米生物量下降.在土壤微生物方面,再生水灌溉不同程度地促进了土壤微生物数量的增加;与前期灌二级再生水相比,后期灌二级再生水促进了土壤微生物生长.  相似文献   

小麦秸秆静态高温堆腐过程中的理化特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙利宁  谷洁  高华  张社奇  陈胜男  陈强龙  甄丽莎 《干旱地区农业研究》2009,27(5):156-160

为了解小麦秸秆堆肥过程中的生物化学特征,进行了高温好氧堆肥试验.结果表明,添加复合微生物腐解菌剂处理较不添加复合微生物腐解菌剂(CK)升温快,温度高,高温持续时间长;堆腐第2d添加菌剂处理堆体温度上升到50℃以上,第3 d达到最高温度67.1℃,50℃以上持续6 d;CK堆腐第3 d达到50℃,第4 d达最高温度59.5℃,50℃以上持续5 d.堆腐第9 d添加菌剂处理E4/E6值达高峰值3.419,CK的达高峰值4.085,堆腐第23 d后添加菌剂处理的胡敏酸E4/E6值为1.512～1.709,而CK处理的E4/E6值为1.649～2.060,堆腐过程添加菌剂处理的E4/E6值一直低于CK,表明添加菌剂能促进腐殖质的缩合和芳构化.堆肥腐熟后pH值较堆制前有所提高,添加菌剂处理的pH值相对较低,变化幅度较小.加入微生物菌剂处理的电导率(EC)值较高,且在持续高温阶段高于后熟阶段.  相似文献   

水解类酶活性在农业废弃物静态高温堆腐过程中的变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

谷洁  李生秀  秦清军  李明雷  高华 《中国农学通报》2005,21(5):32-32

在静态通气条件下,以养鸡场鸡粪、小麦秸秆为原料,研究了堆腐过程水解类酶活性、pH值、电导率（EC）变化。结果表明,加入微生物菌剂后纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性在堆腐过程中的变化趋势同CK处理（不加微生物菌剂）基本一致,但两种酶的活性高峰值都高于CK处理,其峰值分别达到了glucose 0.457mg/(g·24h)和glucose 87.836mg/(g·24h),两种酶高峰值的出现均早于CK处理,其中纤维素酶活性高峰值较CK处理提前出现2d,蔗糖酶活性高峰值较CK处理提前出现6d;加入微生物菌剂能提高脲酶活性水平及其峰值;加入微生物菌剂处理的pH值相对较低,变化幅度较小;加入微生物菌剂后EC值较高。  相似文献