排序方式： 共有98条查询结果，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Abstract. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence have suggested that the Olsen test underestimates plant-available phosphorus (P) in basaltic soils in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the ability of this test to predict plant-available P in basaltic (and non-basaltic) soils was investigated by regressing Olsen-P data against herbage P indices calculated from plant tissue test data using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. The average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on basaltic soils was considerably lower than the average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on non-basaltic soils, and yet mean sward P status, as given by the herbage P indices, was similar for both groups of fields. Herbage P indices were also much better correlated with Olsen-P measurements in non-basaltic soils than in basaltic soils. Furthermore, at low Olsen-P values (≶9mgPL−1 ) some swards on basaltic soils were genuinely deficient in P, while others were sufficient or even in surplus for this nutrient. The results confirm that Olsen-P is inadequate as a predictor of plant-available P in basaltic soils. It is concluded that an alternative soil test is needed to provide a reliable assessment of plant-available P in basaltic soils, to prevent overuse of fertilizer and manure P and to minimize the amounts of P entering local watercourses. 相似文献
2.
以山东寿光集约化设施菜田为研究对象,分析了不同种植年限设施菜田土壤磷素投入和土壤磷素累积的差异,比较不同种植年限土壤剖面中无机磷、有机磷、Olsen-P和CaCl2-P含量的变化特征。结果表明：磷素过量积累是设施菜田的显著特征,主要由于有机肥以粪肥投入为主,复合肥中P素比例偏高,收获作物带走量仅占磷素投入的7.2%;随着种植年限增加,P素累积现象明显,过量的磷素盈余导致了土壤剖面中不同形态磷含量的上升,其中以无机磷尤其明显;用来表征土壤有效磷指标的Olsen-P与CaCl2-P有显著的相关性,研究区域中当土壤（Olsen-P）达到80.7mg·kg-1时,土壤CaCl2-P开始显著升高,增大了设施菜田磷素淋溶风险。 相似文献
3.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(20):2383-2402
Phosphorus (P) accumulation is a common phenomenon in greenhouse soil for vegetables. Excessive P accumulation in soil usually decreases the yield and quality of vegetables as well as potentially polluting water environments. Ninety-eight tomato and 48 cucumber greenhouses were investigated in the eight main vegetable production areas of Hebei Province, China. Soil Olsen-P, the electrical conductivity (EC), the pH value, the organic matter of the soil, and the cropping years of these greenhouses were investigated and analyzed in order to better understand the status of soil P accumulation and positively find effective ways to solve the excessive phosphate accumulation problem. The investigation showed that the ratio was above 70% for all of the greenhouses where the soil Olsen-P exceeded 90 mg·kg?1 (upper bound of soil Olsen-P optimum value in greenhouse) in the 0–20 cm surface soil in the investigated greenhouses. There was a significant positive correlation between the soil Olsen-P content and the soil EC, between the soil Olsen-P and the cropping years, and the Olsen-P had a significant negative correlation with the soil pH value. It is concluded that supplying phosphate fertilizer excessively induced the soil EC to ascend and the pH value to descend, which increases the possibility of the soil secondary salinization and soil degeneration. The significant positive correlation between the soil organic content and the soil Olsen-P contents suggests that supplying organic fertilizer might mobilize soil residual phosphate. This also provides a good way to solve the problem of soil P accumulation. In order to further explore the threshold content of soil Olsen-P demanded by tomato and cucumber under the high soil Olsen-P condition, two tomato greenhouses (T1, T2) in Dingzhou and two cucumber greenhouses (C1, C2) in Wuqiang were researched. All of the greenhouses had ranges of soil Olsen-P content that were between 150 and 300 mg·kg?1, which far exceeded the 90 mg·kg?1 ideal. The P fertilizer application rates showed positive correlations with the soil Olsen-P contents and EC values in cucumber and tomato greenhouses in the current season. Analyzing T1 and T2 results showed that tomato was sensitive to the high soil Olsen-P contents ranging from 230.64 to 729.42 mg kg?1 at the seedling stage (15 days after transplanting; DAT) and from 199.41 to 531.42 mg kg?1 at the fruiting stage (90 DAT), because the yields correlated negatively with soil Olsen-P contents at each growth stage. It is suggested that the maximum soil Olsen-P threshold content for tomato should be lower than 230 mg·kg?1 at the seedling stage and lower than 199 mg·kg?1 at the fruiting stage. But cucumber yield did not change significantly as soil Olsen-P content rose from 248.75 to 927.62 mg kg?1, 212.40 to 554.07 mg kg?1, 184.48 to 455.90 mg kg?1, and 128.42 to 400.96 mg kg?1 at the seedling stage (15 DAT), early fruiting stage (50 DAT), middle fruiting stage (140 DAT), and late fruiting stage (235 DAT), respectively, suggesting that the maximal soil Olsen-P threshold content was lower than 249, 212, 185, and 128 mg·kg?1 at each growth stage, respectively. The relationship between fruit qualities and soil Olsen-P contents at each growth stage was not evident. Activities of soil alkaline phosphatase (ALP) decreased as soil Olsen-P supply was raised in T1, T2, and C1 at the seedling stage. It is concluded that in an excess soil Olsen-P condition tomato yield decreases strongly as soil ALP activity decreases, whereas ALP activity has little direct effect on cucumber yield. 相似文献
4.
福建菜田氮磷积累状况及其淋失潜力研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文通过采集460个福建菜田代表性耕层土样,采用土壤测试和土柱渗漏水模拟试验的方法研究菜田土壤硝态氮和Olsen P含量状况和淋失临界指标及其淋失潜力。结果表明,耕层土壤硝态氮含量为47.455.5 mg/kg,Olsen-P含量则为61.743.2 mg/kg, 其中瓜果类蔬菜种植地土壤硝态氮和Olsen-P含量明显高于叶菜类和根茎类蔬菜种植地。 应用双速率转折点建模法,得到氮、 磷淋失临界指标X0分别为土壤硝态氮76.3 mg/kg和Olsen-P 42.8 mg/kg。 淋失临界值相当于或略高于满足蔬菜营养的农学指标。当土壤硝态氮或Olsen-P含量低于X0时,随着其含量增加,渗漏水硝态氮或总磷浓度以线性方式缓慢增加,反之,则以非线性形式急剧增大。土壤硝态氮和Olsen-P含量高于其X0的土样数分别占17.9%和81.3%, 表明这些样点具有较高的氮、 磷淋失潜力,是氮、 磷污染控制的关键地块。 瓜果类菜田土壤硝态氮和Olsen-P含量高于其X0的土样数分别占到32.3%和96.3%,淋失潜力明显高于叶菜类和根茎类菜田,是氮、 磷污染控制的优先区域。 相似文献
5.
长期秸秆还田对潮土土壤各形态磷的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
基于黄淮海低平原区潮土上33年长期肥料定位试验,采用蒋柏藩―顾益初的石灰性土壤无机磷分级方法,研究冬小麦―夏玉米轮作中长期不同氮磷用量下秸秆还田对土壤全磷、有效磷(Olsen-P)及各形态无机磷的影响。结果表明:黄淮海低平原区潮土上冬小麦―夏玉米轮作中P2O5用量0~240 kg hm~(-2),随磷肥用量的增加,土壤全磷、Olsen-P、无机磷总量及无机磷中Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P和Fe-P均显著增加,O-P和Ca10-P无显著变化;当土壤输入磷量低于作物输出磷量时,无论秸秆还田与否,土壤全磷、无机磷总量、Olsen-P和无机磷中除Ca8-P外的其他各形态磷均无显著变化;当土壤输入磷量高于作物输出磷量时,随秸秆用量的增加土壤全磷、Olsen-P和无机磷中的Ca2-P、Ca8-P、Al-P均显著增加,其中以Olsen-P增幅最大,无机磷中以Ca2-P增幅最大,其次为Ca8-P,再次为Al-P;土壤磷素盈余和亏缺量与土壤中各磷形态含量均呈显著正相关关系。 相似文献
6.
长期不施肥条件下几种典型土壤全磷和Olsen-P的变化 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
研究了11个不同气候条件、不同耕作制度、典型土壤类型长期定位试验不施肥处理土壤全磷和Olsen-P变化及其影响因素。结果表明,在长期不施肥条件下耕作,土壤Olsen-P含量下降比全磷的明显;在试验进行5年左右,土壤全磷含量都有所降低,以后各点表现不尽相同,新疆灰漠土、长沙水稻土和郑州潮土全磷含量随时间延长呈显著直线下降,其它试验点全磷的变化不明显;作物携出磷与土壤全磷下降之间,无论绝对含量或相对含量都不成比例。土壤Olsen磷下降率比全磷高几倍。Olsen-P下降趋势与起始土壤Olsen磷含量有关:起始土壤Olsen-P磷大于20 mg/kg时,25年内一直呈现明显下降趋势,降低40.5 mg/kg,特别是前5年下降更快,降低30 mg/kg;起始土壤Olsen-P为10～20 mg/kg时,下降趋势比前者缓慢,15年内一直呈明显下降趋势,下降19 mg/kg, 前5年下降15 mg/kg,15年后几乎不变;起始土壤Olsen-P小于10 mg/kg时,25年内无明显变化。Olsen-P下降量与起始Olsen-P占全磷的比例成显著直线关系。 相似文献
7.
长期施肥下黄土旱塬黑垆土磷平衡及农学阈值 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究长期施肥条件下土壤磷平衡和土壤有效磷对磷盈亏的响应,明确土壤有效磷(Olsen-P)的农学阈值及合理磷肥施用量,依托甘肃平凉肥料长期定位试验(始于1979),分析了黄土旱塬黑垆土36 a土壤磷盈亏动态、累积磷盈亏与有效磷的响应关系以及土壤磷残余,通过Mitscherlich方程模拟作物相对产量对土壤有效磷的响应关系,计算黄土旱塬黑垆土小麦和玉米的土壤有效磷农学阈值。结果表明:不施肥(CK)和单施氮肥(N)处理土壤磷始终亏缺,N处理每亏缺磷100 kg·hm~(-2),有效磷含量下降1.05 mg·kg~(-1);施磷处理土壤磷当季盈余4.3～207.9 kg·hm~(-2),累积盈余154.9～7 483.6 kg·hm~(-2),其中有机、无机配施(MNP)处理磷盈余最大;土壤累积磷盈余与土壤有效磷增量呈线性正相关,土壤中每盈余100 kg·hm~(-2)磷,秸秆还田配施化肥(SNP,磷肥隔年施)、氮磷配施(NP)、有机肥(M)和有机、无机配施(MNP)处理土壤有效磷分别增加7.55、2.47、0.28 mg·kg~(-1)和0.46 mg·kg~(-1);黄土旱塬黑垆土农田有效磷的小麦和玉米农学阈值分别为22.05 mg·kg~(-1)和13.96 mg·kg~(-1),MNP处理土壤有效磷含量已高于作物农学阈值,NP和SNP处理土壤有效磷含量达到小麦农学阈值分别需要21 a和24 a,达到玉米农学阈值分别需要2 a和8 a,M处理土壤有效磷含量已高于玉米农学阈值,还需要3 a可达到小麦农学阈值。当磷投入量每年平均达22.9 kg·hm~(-2)时,土壤磷呈持平状态;当磷用量达33 kg·hm~(-2)时,不仅作物产量较高,而且磷肥当季利用率也较高;当磷用量增加到233 kg·hm~(-2)时,作物产量对增加磷投入无响应,土壤磷残余超过90%,大量磷素累积在土壤中,增加了土壤磷素的流失风险。黄土旱塬小麦玉米一年一熟轮作黑垆土农田土壤有效磷农学阈值为13.96 mg·kg~(-1)(玉米)和22.05 mg·kg~(-1)(小麦),秸秆还田可促进旱地农田耕层土壤有效磷含量的增加。 相似文献
8.
Interactions between phosphorus availability and microbes in a wheat–maize double cropping system: A reduced fertilization scheme 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 YU Xiao-jing CHEN Qi SHI Wen-cong GAO Zheng SUN Xiao DONG Jing-jing LI Juan WANG Heng-tao GAO Jian-guo LIU Zhi-guang ZHANG Min 《农业科学学报》2022,21(3):840-854
Mechanisms controlling phosphorus (P) availability and the roles of microorganisms in the efficient utilization of soil P in the wheat–maize double cropping system are poorly understood. In the present study, we conducted a pot experiment for four consecutive wheat–maize seasons (2016–2018) using calcareous soils with high (30.36 mg kg–1) and low (9.78 mg kg–1) initial Olsen-P content to evaluate the effects of conventional P fertilizer application to both wheat and maize (Pwm) along with a reduced P fertilizer application only to wheat (Pw). The microbial community structure along with soil P availability parameters and crop yield were determined. The results showed that the Pw treatment reduces the annual P input by 33.3% without affecting the total yield for at least two consecutive years as compared with the Pwm treatment in the high Olsen-P soil. Soil water-soluble P concentrations in the Pw treatment were similar to those in the Pwm treatment at the 12-leaf collar stage when maize requires the most P. Furthermore, the soil P content significantly affected soil microbial communities, especially fungal communities. Meanwhile, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of Pw were significantly higher (by 11.4 and 13.3%) than those of Pwm in soil with high Olsen-P. The microfloral contribution to yield was greater than that of soil P content in soil with high Olsen-P. Relative abundances of Bacillus and Rhizobium were enriched in the Pw treatment compared with the Pwm treatment. Bacillus showed a significant positive correlation with acid phosphatase (ACP) activity, and Rhizobium displayed significant positive correlations with ACP and ALP in soil with high Olsen-P, which may enhance P availability. Our findings suggested that the application of P fertilization only to wheat is practical in high P soils to ensure optimal production in the wheat and maize double cropping system and that the soil P availability and microbial community may collaborate to maintain optimal yield in a wheat–maize double cropping system. 相似文献
9.
Wei-wei ZHANG Xiao-ying ZHAN Shu-xiang ZHANG Khalid Hamdan Mohamed Ibrahima Ming-gang XU 《农业科学学报》2019,18(3):667-676
The concentration of soil Olsen-P is rapidly increasing in many parts of China, where P budget(P input minus P output) is the main factor influencing soil Olsen-P. Understanding the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget is useful in estimating soil Olsen-P content and conducting P management strategies. To address this, a long-term experiment(1991–2011) was performed on a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, China, where seven fertilization treatments were used to study the response of soil Olsen-P to P budget. The results showed that the relationship between the decrease in soil Olsen-P and P deficit could be simulated by a simple linear model. In treatments without P fertilization(CK, N, and NK), soil Olsen-P decreased by 2.4, 1.9, and 1.4 mg kg~(–1) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P deficit, respectively. Under conditions of P addition, the relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be divided into two stages. When P surplus was lower than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P fluctuated over the course of the experimental period with chemical fertilizers(NP and NPK), and increased by 5.0 and 2.0 mg kg~(–1), respectively, when treated with chemical fertilizers combined with manure(NPKM and 1.5 NPKM) for every 100 kg ha~(–1) of P surplus. When P surplus was higher than the range of 729–884 kg ha~(–1), soil Olsen-P increased by 49.0 and 37.0 mg kg~(–1) in NPKM and 1.5 NPKM treatments, respectively, for every 100 kg ha~(–1) P surplus. The relationship between the increase in soil Olsen-P and P surplus could be simulated by two-segment linear models. The cumulative P budget at the turning point was defined as the "storage threshold" of a fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing, and the storage thresholds under NPKM and 1.5 NPKM were 729 and 884 kg ha~(–1)P for more adsorption sites. According to the critical soil P values(CPVs) and the relationship between soil Olsen-P and P budget, the quantity of P fertilizers for winter wheat could be increased and that of summer maize could be decreased based on the results of treatments in chemical fertilization. Additionally, when chemical fertilizers are combined with manures(NPKM and 1.5 NPKM), it could take approximately 9–11 years for soil Olsen-P to decrease to the critical soil P values of crops grown in the absence of P fertilizer. 相似文献
10.
长期不同施肥模式下碱性土有效磷对磷盈亏的响应 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]磷素易于在土壤中固定,碱性土壤更甚,影响着磷肥的肥效和利用效率.研究长期施用磷肥对我国北方碱性土有效磷与磷盈亏的影响,为碱性土地区合理施用磷肥提供理论依据.[方法]本研究是基于河北、北京、山东、天津、河南和山西的6个冬小麦-夏玉米轮作长期定位施肥试验,试验周期为1991-2011年.所有定位施肥试验均设有不施磷... 相似文献