Checklist of vertebrate damage to agriculture in Israel,updated for 1993–2001     

Moran  Shmuel 《Phytoparasitica》2003,31(2):109-117

The checklist of vertebrate pest species responsible for economic damage to agriculture production in Israel, which was first published in 1993, has been updated for 1993–2001. During this period new crop types have been damaged by these pests, and they have been added to the checklist. Four new bird pest species were also added:Carduelis chloris, Anas platyrhinchos, Larus ridibundus andPelecanus onocrotalus. Thus the number of economically significant vertebrate species is now 65 (27 mammalian, 36 avian and two reptilian species). Cases of depredation in forestry and pasture, which were not included in the former list, were also added. The significance of the compiled data in assisting with farm management decision is also discussed. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 29, 2003.  相似文献   

丘陵山地果园全液压遥控式履带动力底盘设计与试验     

李善军  陈辉龙  彭际博  孟亮  张鑫  李明震 《农业机械学报》2024,55(2):119-127，201

针对目前丘陵山地果园作业农用底盘整机体积大、行驶作业操作繁琐和通过性差等问题,结合丘陵山地果园开沟、除草和修剪等农艺管理环节的实际需求,设计了一款全液压遥控式履带动力底盘。首先,对动力底盘的整机结构和工作原理进行了阐述;其次,对前置挂载机构、行走系、变幅宽底盘、液压系统、遥控系统等关键部件进行设计和相应的匹配选型;最后,对整机进行了性能试验。试验结果表明：动力底盘在最小幅宽（1220mm）和最大幅宽(1620mm)的直线行驶偏移率分别为2.24％和2.2％,均满足相应国家标准（≤6%）要求。底盘的转向机动性能良好,最小幅宽原地转弯半径为905mm,可适应丘陵山地果园相对狭窄的坡地作业环境。遥控操作上下斜坡、翻越田埂、跨越畦沟等过程平稳,满足丘陵山地果园非结构化地形行走要求。挂载链式开沟器进行开沟作业时,沟深稳定系数为88.5%,沟宽稳定系数为92.5%,满足国家标准（≥85%）要求。整机工作性能满足丘陵果园复杂坡度地形管理作业要求,可为丘陵山地果园田间管理作业的有效实施提供综合应用平台和技术支撑。  相似文献   

Quantification of pesticide residues in the topsoil of Belgian fruit orchards: terrestrial environmental risk assessment     

Gregor Claus  Pieter Spanoghe 《Pest management science》2020,76(10):3495-3510

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天水苹果园土壤重金属富集状况评价及来源分析     

陈学民  朱阳春  伏小勇 《农业环境保护》2011,(5):893-898

对天水果园表层（0~20 cm）219件土壤样品进行研究,测定5种重金属（Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr和Cd）及有机质含量,以天水小陇山土壤为对照,运用相关分析和主成分分析方法区分土壤中重金属的来源。结果表明,①Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr和Cd含量分别为77.39、23.03、23.62、61.49 mg.kg-1和0.07 mg.kg-1,其中Cd极显著（P〈0.01）高于小陇山土壤,其余4种重金属虽高于小陇山土壤但无显著差异性（P〉0.05）;②研究区土壤Cu、Pb、Cr三者间在0.01或0.001水平上具有显著正相关性,且这3种重金属与土壤有机质具有显著正相关性,其余重金属间不存在显著相关性;③主成分分析显示Cu、Pb和Cr来源相似,主要来自于成土母质,Cd来源于人为施肥因素,Zn的富集受多种因素影响。研究评价结果显示,天水地区果园土壤Cd受人为施肥影响较大,具有一定程度的富集。  相似文献   

柏木无性系种子园遗传增益及优良家系评选   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

骆文坚  金国庆  徐高福  丰炳财  冯建民  罗小华 《浙江林学院学报》2006,23(3):259-264

对15年生柏木Cupressus funebris种子园自由授粉家系子代测定林的研究表明,种子园子代树高、胸径和材积平均生长量分别比对照大13.12%,13.69%和30.85%,平均遗传增益分别为7.82%,7.69%和17.03%。采用LSR法、性状表现水平分析法、一般配合力相对效应值分析法和育种值评定法等4种方法进行优良家系评选,以材积性状作为选优指标,评选出11个优良家系,其现实增益达46.35%~108.65%,平均为64.21%,遗传增益达25.58%~59.96%,平均为35.44%。表3参22  相似文献   

Small-scale effects of historical land use and topography on post-cultural tree species composition in an Alpine valley in southern Switzerland   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Sina Muster  Helmut Elsenbeer  Marco Conedera 《Landscape Ecology》2007,22(8):1187-1199

Investigations of spatial patterns in forest tree species composition are essential in the understanding of landscape dynamics, especially in areas of land-use change. The specific environmental factors controlling the present patterns, however, vary with the scale of observation. In this study we estimated abundance of adult trees and tree regeneration in a Southern Alpine valley in Ticino, Switzerland. We hypothesized that, at the present scale, spatial pattern of post-cultural tree species does not primarily depend on topographic features but responds instead to small-scale variation in historical land use. We used multivariate regression trees to relate species abundances to environmental variables. Species matrices were comprised of single tree species abundance as well as species groups. Groups were formed according to common ecological species requirements with respect to shade tolerance, soil moisture and soil nutrients. Though species variance could only be partially explained, a clear ranking in the relative importance of environmental variables emerged. Tree basal area of formerly cultivated Castanea sativa (Mill.) was the most important factor accounting for up to 50% of species’ variation. Influence of topographic attributes was minor, restricted to profile curvature, and partly contradictory in response. Our results suggest the importance of biotic factors and soil properties for small-scale variation in tree species composition and need for further investigations in the study area on the ecological requirements of tree species in the early growing stage.  相似文献   

干旱区苹果园小气候特征分析     

杨洋  ;张晓煜  ;王静  ;段晓凤  ;卫建国 《宁夏农林科技》2014,(5):55-60

以干旱区成龄苹果园为研究对象,分析了宁夏灵武陶林园艺场果园内不同季节不同层次气象要素的时间变化特征。结果表明:日平均光照度为春季夏季秋季冬季。果园内不同季节1.5 m和3.0 m高度气温都呈现出昼高夜低型的日变化波形;晴天气温变化出现单峰型曲线,阴天出现双峰型曲线,雨天变化振幅较小,两高度间差异也较小。果园内湿度较大,不同季节1.5 m和3.0 m高度相对湿度日变化均为夜高昼低的波形曲线。从风速看,春季和冬季日变化特征最明显,日振幅也最大,夏、秋季风速相对较小。不同季节地表0 cm地温受气温变化影响最大,5 cm、10 cm次之,20 cm地温受气温变化影响最小。  相似文献   

Jackknife resampling for precision measurement of direct gene flow estimates     

Tony Kess 《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2014,29(7):707-712

Gene flow from outside pollen sources reduces the expected genetic gain of seed orchards, and has been quantified by genotyping seed samples from crop years to determine the proportion of seed sired by outside sources. Random bulk seed sampling and microsatellite genotyping allows for fast, unbiased identification of orchard contamination rates. Bulk seed sampling has been employed in multiple studies of seed orchard gene flow, but a method of determining precision of gene flow estimates from this sampling method has yet to be described. In this study, we used jackknife resampling to generate random samples of migrant and within-population genotypes obtained from an empirical sample of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii [Mirb.] Franco) genotypes of five microsatellite loci. We generated samples of 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 genotyped individuals from a sample of 400 seeds, with genotypes corresponding to low (6%), moderate (14%), or high (56%) pollen contamination levels. The mean gene flow estimate and confidence interval were calculated for each sample size and gene flow scenario to determine the precision of gene flow estimates obtained from each sample size in each contaminant gene flow scenario. Genotyping 150 individuals was sufficient to produce gene flow estimates with calculated confidence interval values below ± 1%, indicating that 150 genotyped individuals were sufficient for precise gene flow estimation in this population. This resampling method will enable precise and unbiased estimation of gene flow into seed orchards for future monitoring of gene flow, to allow better management of seed orchard genetic resources.  相似文献   

侵蚀坡地果园草被残体量及其分解规律     

张汉荣  李发林  黄炎和  刘长全  蔡志发 《热带农业科学》2005,25(5):29-32

对果园套种的牧草多年自然生长后其季末残体的量及其分解规律的研究表明：生长季末宽叶雀稗活体部分（地上活体和根）占大部分，为55．72％，残体占44．28％；从N、P、K、Ca、Mg的元素含量来看，N和K活体〉根〉残体、P根〉活体〉残体、Ca和Mg残体〉活体〉根；残体的N、P、K浓度都小于活体；元素N、P、K的贮量大小都为活体〉残体〉根，而Ca、Mg的贮量大小都为残体〉活体〉根，N贮量在活体、残体、根中分别占总量的42．95％、38．91％、18．14％，P为40．99％、29．54％、29．47％，K为60．36％、22．58％、17．06％。Ca为35．43％、55．19％、9．38％和Mg为34．59％、49．92％、15．49％；残体N、K易流失养分且含量变化剧烈。  相似文献   

油松高世代种子园营建技术   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

杨培华樊军锋  刘永红韩创举 段乐肖飞  宫引利 《中南林学院学报》2005,25(6):65-69

通过对3批142个油松优树半同胞子代进行测定．选出36个优良家系，树高、胸径、材积平均增产15．4％、26．9％、73．3％，遗传增益分别为8．2％、8．5％、22．2％；再从优良隶系内选择263个优良单株，树高、胸径、材积平均增产27．2％、41．1％、125．9％。预期遗传增益分别为13．3%、11．7％、37．2％；用选出的优良单株营建高世代无性系种子园．并提出了高世代种子园建立技术和种子高产关键技术。  相似文献