沿海滩涂耐盐(海水)植物的研究与开发   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

崔世友  缪亚梅  谈峰 《湖北农学院学报》2002,22(6):555-559

耐盐（海水）植物培育是海水灌溉农业的关键技术，现已筛选出了碱蓬、北美海蓬子、三角叶滨藜、狐米草等耐盐（海水）植物；红树DNA以及耐盐基因BADH、mtlD和gutD的转基因耐盐植物的培育工作也取得进展。滩涂耐盐（海水）植物的开发利用主要集中在蔬菜、油料和饲料等方面。对滩涂耐盐（海水）植物的研究开发工作初步提出了3个对策：加强试验示范基地建设，促进现有技术成果的组装配套及推广利用；加强国内外合作，引进先进适用的技术；继续加强耐盐（海水）植物的改良工作。  相似文献   

钠、钾离子浓度及比例对鳗鲡早期发育的影响     

王倩  刘利平  陈文银  吴嘉敏 《上海海洋大学学报》2015,24(6):834-840

研究了不同Na+和K+含量以及Na+/K+值(R值)的人工海水对鳗鲡受精卵孵化率、仔鱼畸形率及存活时间的影响。实验共分3组:(1)保持Na+含量正常,改变K+含量;(2)保持K+含量正常,改变Na+含量;(3)稳定Na+/K+=28,调整Na+、K+含量。结果发现:当保持Na+浓度稳定,K+浓度为538 mg/L时,鳗鲡受精卵的孵化率最高(44.0%),畸形率最低(23.8%),仔鱼的存活时间最长;当Na+/K+=28、Na+和K+的绝对含量分别为8 400、300 mg/L时,孵化率最高。较高的Na+(19 500 mg/L)、K+浓度(1 076 mg/L)将会导致鳗鲡受精卵孵化率降低,但对仔鱼畸形率的影响并不显著。结果表明,鳗鲡受精卵孵化以及仔鱼培育所用人工海水需按Na+和K+含量及R值做相应调配,最适Na+、K+浓度分别为7 800~11 700 mg/L和360~540 mg/L,R值在20~30之间。  相似文献   

Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone and its mode of action in salmonids: A review   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

Tatsuya Sakamoto  Stephen D. McCormick  Tetsuya Hirano 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):155-164

Osmoregulatory actions of growth hormone (GH) and its mode of action in salmonids are reviewed. We present evidence suggesting that insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) mediates some of the actions of GH on seawater acclimation. Plasma concentration and turnover of GH rise following exposure to seawater. Exogenous GH (in vivo) increases gill Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity and the number of gill chloride cells, and inhibits an increase in plasma osmolarity and ions following transfer of fish to seawater. A single class of high affinity GH receptors is present in the liver, gill, intestine, and kidney. The levels of IGF-I mRNA in the liver, gill and kidney increased after GH-injection. After transfer to seawater, IGF-I mRNA increased in the gill and kidney following the rise in plasma GH, although no significant change was seen in the liver. Injection of IGF-I improved the ability of the fish to maintain plasma sodium levels after transfer to seawater. GH treatment also sensitizes the interrenal to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), increasing cortisol secretion. Both cortisol and IGF-I may be involved in mediating the action of GH in seawater adaptation, although studies on the effect of GH on osmoregulatory physiology of non-salmonid species are limited. An integrated model of the osmoregulatory actions of GH is presented, and areas in need of research are outlined.

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Résumé Cet article est une revue des effets osmorégulateurs de l'hormone de croissance et de son mode d'action. Nous présentons des résultats qui suggèrent que le facteur de croissance de type insuline (IGF-I) est un médiateur de certaines des actions de la GH sur l'adaptation à l'eau de mer. Les concentrations plasmatiques et le renouvellement de la GH augmentent après transfert en eau de mer. La GH exogène stimule (in vivo) l'activité Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase et le nombre de cellules à chlorure branchialeset inhibe les augmentations de l'osmolarité et des concentrations ioniques du plasma observées après transfert en eau de mer. Une seule classe de récepteurs à haute affinité pour la GH est présent dans le foie, les branchies, l'intestin et le rein. Les niveaux d'ARNm d'IGF dans le foie, les branchies et le rein augmentent après injection de la GH. Après transfert en eau de mer, les ARNm de l'IGF augmentent dans les branchies et dans le rein en suivant l'augmentation de GH plasmatique, bien qu'aucune modification ne soit observée au niveau du foie. L'injection d'IGF augmente la capacité du poisson à maintenir ses niveaux de sodium plasmatique après transfert en eau de mer. Le traitement à la GH augmente la sensibilité à l'adrenocorticotropine (ACTH) et stimule donc les niveaux de cortisol. A la fois le cortisol et l'IGF-I semblent impliqués comme médiateurs des effets de la GH dans l'adaptation à l'eau de mer, bien que les études sur les effets de la GH sur la physiologie de l'osmorégulation chez les espèces non-salmonidés restent encore limitées. Un modèle intégré des actions de la GH sur l'osmorégulation est présenté et les domaines de recherche à développer sont soulignés.

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NaHCO3在单胞藻藻种培养中的作用   总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8  

戴玉蓉  卢敬让 《齐鲁渔业》1997,14(5):20-21

采用补充ＮａＨＣＯ３碳源的方法进行５种单细胞藻类的培养试验，结果表明，ＮａＨＣＯ３对５种单细胞藻类的生长均有明显的促进作用。该法不仅可避免污染，而且简便实用。  相似文献   

Rearing conditions to develop seawater tolerance in underyearling sockeye salmon smolt     

Masatoshi Ban 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(1):128-135

ABSTRACT:   In order to confirm the conditions required to produce underyearling smolts, juvenile sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka were reared under different photoperiod and temperature conditions. The level of smoltification was assessed by plasma sodium concentration 24 h after transfer to sea water (plasma-Na), gill Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity (gill-ATPase), and plasma thyroxine (plasma-T4) and growth hormone (plasma-GH) concentrations. Mean fork length of all groups reached more than approximately 8.5 cm at the end of the experiment. The fish that experienced an alteration in photoperiod from short day (8:16 h light–dark cycle) to long day (16:8 h light–dark cycle) showed significant elevation in gill-ATPase from 9 to 16 µmol inorganic phosphate per milligram protein per hour (µmol Pi/mg pro/h) and reduction in plasma-Na from 194 to 154 mM. This group displayed distinct pigmentation on their fin margins. However, in groups reared under constant short day and constant long day, changes in gill-ATPase and plasma-Na occurred vaguely at each different time and pigmentation on fin margins were not observed. The observed photoperiod-induced changes were greater at 7°C than at 11°C. Further, the alteration of the photoperiod induced two–threefold increases in plasma-GH and plasma-T4. These results suggest that lengthening of photoperiod from short to long daylight at 7°C causes smoltification accompanied by active secretion of growth hormone and thyroxine in underyearling sockeye salmon when the fish are larger than 8.5 cm in fork length.  相似文献   

Stanniocalcin kinetics in freshwater and seawater european eel (Anguilla anguilla)     

R. G. J. M. Hanssen  N. Mayer-Gostan  G. Flik  S. E. Wendelaar Bonga 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,10(6):491-496

The kinetics and hypocalcemic potency of stanniocalcin (STC) were examined in freshwater and seawater eels. The secretion rate and the metabolic clearance rate of STC were calculated from the STC disappearance curve after intra-arterial injection of trout STC. Basal plasma STC concentrations in freshwater and seawater eels did not differ but the STC secretion rate and metabolic clearance rate in seawater eel were 70–75% higher than in FW eel. The increased STC distribution space in seawater eels suggests that the STC receptor density was increased. STC had a higher hypocalcemic potency in seawater than in freshwater eels. These observations support the hypothesis that seawater fish require more hormonal control over transcellular influx of calcium than freshwater fish.To whom correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

内梅罗污染指数法在排污口邻近海域水环境质量评价中的应用   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11  

丁菁 《福建水产》2006,(1):1-4

本文用内梅罗污染指数法对福建省10种类型陆源入海排污口的邻近海域水环境质量进行了综合评价,提出了把排污口的特征污染物作为海域水环境评价的主要参评参数,使评价结果更客观,有利于管理者了解排污口排海污染物对邻近海域水环境造成的影响,从而更好地进行监督和管理,避免盲目性。  相似文献   

Improving bivalve fishery management: The development of a tool to forecast bivalve reproductive season based on environmental data from satellite remote sensing observations     

Ins Martínez‐Pita  Oscar Moreno 《Fisheries Oceanography》2019,28(6):698-707

Donax trunculus is a much‐appreciated commercial clam whose natural populations have been overexploited in southern–western Spain during the last decades. In order to control the decrease of natural beds, local governments establish annual closed seasons based on socioeconomic reasons, such as economic necessity or tourism interest. The objective of this study was to develop an efficient tool for predicting gonadal stages based on environmental condition data. This tool will allow for an improvement in fishery management since in this manner the closed season can be based on the reproductive cycle. The natural population's reproductive cycle was studied for more than 2 years. The obtained gonadal and condition indexes (GI and CI) values were statistically related to environmental conditions, specifically surface seawater temperature (SST) and chlorophyll‐a (Chlo‐a) levels with these data being provided from satellite remote sensing observations (SRS). The best statistical relationship was obtained between GI and the SST registered 60 days before bivalve sampling (SST‐60). The regression equation allows for an estimate of GI value based on the SST‐60 and, as each value is related with one gonadal stage (resting, maturation, ripe), for prediction of the reproductive cycle. Therefore, the closed season can be established when most of the population is in the ripe stage and can be adjusted taking into account the possible temperature variations across the years. For ease of use, GI values estimated with this tool have also been converted using different colours onto a map of wedge clam reproductive stages in its natural beds.  相似文献   

人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支影响初探     

黄光华  马华威  黎建斌  杨彦豪  黄立斌  冯鹏霏  吕敏  卢小花  杨学明 《水生态学杂志》2017,38(2):76-81

通过自制人工海水培育罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)幼体,与天然海水对比分析人工海水特性及养殖过程中的水质状况,探究人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体生长发育及能量收支的影响。试验在广西南宁国家级罗氏沼虾良种场进行,罗氏沼虾幼体和饵料丰年虫无节幼体均由该良种场提供,罗氏沼虾幼体规格(湿重)为(1.476±0.050)g,共80万尾;在幼体开始培育前配制人工海水1 000 kg,配比为海盐:MgSO_4∶CaCl_2∶KCl∶H_3B_3O_3∶KBr∶ETDA∶生石灰=2000∶600∶72∶36∶24∶4∶1∶2;设置天然海水为对照组,试验组及对照组分别设置4个重复。结果显示,人工海水中,Mg~(2+)∶K~+∶Ca~(2+)=3∶1∶1,与北部湾天然海水接近,且水质无毒性作用;与天然海水相比,人工海水培育的罗氏沼虾幼体成活率为95.00%,蜕皮率为16.82%,并提高了幼体的特定生长率和食物转化率,降低了摄食率;幼体在天然海水中生长和脱壳所用能量[(18.83±1.35)%和(0.99±0.16)%]分别显著低于人工海水[(19.64±0.51)%和(1.47±0.06)%](P0.05);而在呼吸、排泄和排粪上的能量比例无显著性差异。研究表明,自制的人工海水对罗氏沼虾幼体的生长发育、蜕皮具有促进作用。  相似文献   

虾夷扇贝动态能量收支生长模型     

张继红  吴文广  刘毅  蔺凡  王巍  牛亚丽 《中国水产科学》2017,24(3):497-506

本研究旨在建立虾夷扇贝的动态能量收支(Dynamic Energy Budget,DEB)数值模型,为进一步构建北方海域虾夷扇贝养殖容量评估模型奠定基础。根据DEB理论,以水温和叶绿素浓度作为强制函数,基于现场及室内实验收集DEB模型参数,针对桑沟湾养殖环境和虾夷扇贝生长的数据,利用STELLA软件构建了虾夷扇贝的DEB模型,以长海县养殖环境和1龄、2龄、3龄虾夷扇贝生长的数据对模型进行验证。模型的模拟结果显示:(1)构建的DEB模型能够很好地模拟虾夷扇贝软体部干重的生长,反映了不同时间的能量分配情况;(2)在桑沟湾,6月1日至9月25日期间水温的限制性强于食物限制;在长海海域,9月15日至次年的6月20日期间食物的限制性强于水温的限制,由此推断,长海海域虾夷扇贝的养殖密度过大,可能超出了海域的养殖容量。另外,敏感性分析结果显示,能量分配系数k以及食物摄食能力参数–最大体表面积吸收率PAM、半饱和常数Xk,对虾夷扇贝生长模拟结果有着较大的影响,例如,PAM提高10%,生长模拟结果可增加13%。因此,这些敏感性较大的参数需要通过室内实验或者现场实验准确测定,谨慎赋值。  相似文献