Genetics of soybean-Heterodera glycines system     

S. C. Anand  S. B. Sharma 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》1995,1(1):65-69

Genetics of resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe is very complex. Crosses involving PI 437654, which is resistant to all races of cyst nematodes with other sources of resistance (Peking, PI 88788, and PI 90763) indicated that resistance to race 3 was controlled by four genes, two of which were dominant resistance genes and the other two were recessive resistance genes. For race 5, a four gene model with two recessive and two dominant resistance genes in epistasis has been proposed. For race 14, the results suggested a three gene model with one dominant and two recessive alleles. Several other plant introductions have been isolated which have different genes conditioning resistance. Most of the currently grown soybean varieties derived resistance from Peking and/or PI 88788. Resistance to SCN in these soybean varieties has broken down because of the emergence of several new races and populations of SCN. The use of PI 437654 or Hartwig and other plant introductions with different genes for resistance will broaden genetic diversity and stabilize yield.  相似文献   

The effect of timing of fungicide applications on control of frogeye leaf spot and grain yield of soybeans     

Chrysantus N. Akem 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1995,101(2):183-187

Soybean cultivar Samsoy 1, and the breeding lines TGx 849-313D and TGx 996-26E, grown in a field with a heavy epidemic of frogeye leaf spot caused byCercospora sojina, were treated with double foliar applications of the fungicide benomyl. The treatments were made using four application schedules at six different growth stages, starting from V₃ (fully developed leaves, beginning with trifoliate nodes) to R₅ (beginning seed_, to determine the effect of the fungucide timing on frogeye leaf spot severity, soybean grain yield and grain quality. Generally, applications at R₁ (beginning bloom) and R₃ (beginning pod) significantly (P<-0.05) reduced disease severity in the 2 susceptible genotypes, Samsoy 1 and TGx 849-313D. Plot yields of these genotypes were also significantly greater than the untreated controls when the fungicide applications were made at R₁ and R₃. There was no significant difference in diseave severity or grain yield, between the untreated control and the different times of application, on the resistant genotype TGx 996-26E. Improved seed germination and lower levels of seed infection byC. sojina occurred for all fungicide timings in the susceptible genotypes. The results suggest that fungicide spraying initiated at R₁ and followed up at R₃ is most effective in frogeye leaf spot control and can also result in higher grain yields, than applications made earlier or later in the season. Control of frogeye leaf spot, however, is best achieved by growing resistant cultivars.  相似文献   

Characterization of residues in soybeans grown in soil treated with 1,3-dichloropropene soil fumigant     

David E. Barnekow  Stephen M. Brown  Sandra L. Byrne  Arlene W. Hamburg  Mike A. Huskin  Andrea M. Leisure 《Pest management science》1995,43(3):211-219

The metabolism of cis- and trans-1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) was studied in soybean plants grown in soil treated 24 days prior to planting with [U-¹⁴C]E- and Z-1,3-dichloropropene at 380 liters ha^?1. Isolation and identification of the ¹⁴C residue from soybean plants at 84 days (forage) and 176 days (mature) after application showed that no 1,3-dichloropropene or its putative metabolites, 3-chloroallyl alcohol and 3-chloroacrylic acid, could be detected in any of the tissues. The components of the ¹⁴C residue included major plant constituents (i.e. fatty acids, protein, pigments, organic acids, sucrose and other carbohydrates, and lignin).  相似文献   

大豆主要食叶害虫为害当量系统与复合防治指标的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

曲耀训  高孝华  马振泉  邹向英  牟吉元  牟少敏 《植物保护学报》1993,20(1):43-48

豆天蛾(Clanis bilineata Walker)、银纹夜蛾(Plusia agnata Standinger)、棉铃虫(He-liothis armigera Hubner)和豆灰蝶(Plebejus argus L.)对黄淮流域大豆生产影响较大,防治指标亟待改进。人工模拟剪叶建立了叶损失率与产量损失的函数方程。逐种测定日食量,求取了每种幼虫不同阶段的校正等量系数,建立了为害当量系统。在考虑多维因素的基础上,建立了大豆不同生育期的复合防治指标。田间调查表明,应用该指标能较好解决4种害虫在田间混合发生,虫龄参差不齐,难以确定防治指标的困难,具有较高实用性。  相似文献   

The Effects of Intercrop Spacing Patterns on the Silage Yield of Maize and Soybean     

R. C. Martin    H. D. Voldeng  D. L. Smith 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1991,167(2):81-90

The effects of intercrop spacing patterns on the silage yields of both maize (lea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) were examined from 1985 to 1987. Dwarf maize was intercropped with nonnodulatmg or nodulating soybean in the spacing patterns, S_40same (two crops in the same row, 40 cm row width) and S_20ait or S_40ak (two crops in alternate rows, 20 cm or 40 cm row width, respectively). Tall maize was intercropped with nodulating soybean in S_40sames S_40alt and S_40pair (maize in 40 cm paired rows, soybean rows 20 cm outside each maize row and 80 cm from the next set of four rows) at 0 or 60 kg N ha⁻¹ and at population densities of 67% maize: 67% soybean or 50 % maize: 50% soybean. Maize and soybean were also intercropped and stripcropped on a farm-scale. The only difference between intercrops arranged in the same rows versus those in alternate rows was that the average soybean protein yields were higher in S_40same than in S_40alt. In 1986, the S_40alt maize-soybean intercrops produced higher maize yields, total biomass yields and Land Equivalent Ratios (LERs) than in S_40pirs, and in 1987, these responses were higher in intercrops than in stripcrops. In 1986, at 0 kg N ha⁻¹, the soybean biomass and protein yields were lower in S_40alt, than in S_40pairs and in 1987, these responses were lower in intercrops than in stripcrops.  相似文献   

农艺措施对大豆籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

宁海龙  杨庆凯  李文霞  宋喜清  王继安  孔凡江 《东北农业大学学报》2001,32(4):332-335

探讨了栽培密度、撒可富专用肥、思德富多元长效肥等农艺措施对大豆籽粒蛋白质和脂肪含量的影响。结果表明 ,密度对蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和蛋白脂肪总含量的影响不大。在各种栽培密度中 ,品种九三 97- 6 0是在 30万株 /hm2 时籽粒的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量和蛋白脂肪总含量均达到最高值 ,而对于品种九三 96 - 12 7来说 ,是在 2 5万株 /hm2 时三者达到最高。并且 ,蛋白质含量、脂肪含量及蛋白脂肪总含量对栽培密度敏感程度因品种而异。撒可富专用肥和思德富多元长效肥均使蛋白质含量增加 ,使脂肪含量降低。施用撒可富专用肥后 ,蛋白脂肪总含量变化因处理而异。施用思德富后 ,蛋白脂肪总含量有所增加。  相似文献   

喷雾干燥鱼浆蛋白粉营养成分分析     

陈宜芳  何瑞国  任泽林  程一兵 《中国饲料》2007,(6):32-33

本试验对鱼粉加工废水鱼浆蛋白粉(经浓缩、水解、喷雾干燥得到的副产品)进行营养成分分析,其中粗蛋白质含量达64.08%,钙2.67%、磷1.12%,钙磷比例合理;各氨基酸含量分别为:赖氨酸3.29%,蛋氨酸0.94%,谷氨酸5.17%,牛磺酸2.50%。  相似文献   

非淀粉多糖酶制剂在动物营养中的研究进展     

苏军  陈代文 《家畜生态》2006,(1)

谷物中非淀粉多糖导致日粮养分消化率和饲养效果降低,限制了谷物在饲料中的应用。本文详细论述了非淀粉多糖酶制剂消除非淀粉多糖抗营养作用的机理,对养分消化率和动物生产性能的影响以及对作用底物定量关系的研究,存在的问题及今后的研究方向。非淀粉多糖酶制剂在提高谷类籽实饲料的利用效率,开发利用非常规饲料资源方面有着巨大的应用前景。  相似文献   

姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉中毒小鼠血液指标的影响     

霍俊凤汉丽梅  马吉飞雷有菊 《中国兽医科技》2007,37(12):1078-1081

为观察姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉中毒小鼠血液系统的影响，将60只SPF级雄性健康小白鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、试验组1、试验组2和试验组3共5组，模型组与3个试验组采用同一水平镉染毒，但同时对3个试验组给予不同剂量的姬松茸水溶性粗多糖溶液进行保护，试验日程为5周，试验结束时对各组小鼠采血，检测各项血液指标。结果显示，模型组小鼠的血液指标红细胞数（RBC）、血红蛋白浓度（HGB）、血细胞比容（HCT）、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量（MCH）、平均红细胞血色素浓度（MCHC）显著低于对照组的相应指标；与模型组相比，给予高剂量姬松茸水溶性粗多糖的试验组3的血液指标RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、MCH、MCHC均显著提高，而白细胞数（WBC）、小型白细胞数（Lym）和中型白细胞数（Mid）则显著下降。证实，重金属镉能够损伤小鼠的血液系统，但高剂量姬松茸水溶性粗多糖对镉的损伤具有防止作用。  相似文献   

甲醛处理豆粕对蛋白质瘤胃降解及活体外瘤胃发酵的影响   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

何文娟  孟庆翔 《中国饲料》2006,(6):10-13

通过尼龙袋试验和产气量试验研究甲醛处理大豆粕对瘤胃蛋白质降解率、产气量和活体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响。3个处理分别为对照组、处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ,其中处理Ⅰ、处理Ⅱ的甲醛添加量分别占大豆粕粗蛋白质(CP)0.6%和1.2%。研究结果表明:与对照组相比,处理Ⅰ和处理Ⅱ的干物质及蛋白质的降解率及降解速度显著下降(P<0.001),快速降解组分的比例和有效降解率显著下降,慢速降解组分比例显著提高(P<0.001),但两处理组之间干物质降解速度和蛋白质慢速降解组分比例均无显著差异(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,处理Ⅰ与处理Ⅱ的72h产气量和理论最大产气量均显著升高(P<0.001),而产气速度显著降低(P<0.005);甲醛处理对活体外瘤胃72h发酵的pH值、NH3-N浓度没有显著影响(P>0.05),但发酵液中丙酸摩尔比例显著上升(P<0.05),从而导致乙酸/丙酸降低。两个处理组活体外24h发酵液中甲醛浓度分别为0.994μg/mL和0.370μg/mL;而72h发酵液中甲醛浓度分别为0.410μg/mL和0.141μg/mL。本试验结论:甲醛处理能有效降低蛋白质在瘤胃内的降解率,并改善活体外发酵参数,其中甲醛添加量以占0.6%CP的处理更为有效。  相似文献