9种嗜热菌处理猪粪堆肥对一串红生长的影响     

邹荣松  刘克锋  王红利  孙向阳 《中国农学通报》2008,24(2):261-264

研究了不同的外源菌剂处理过的猪粪堆肥对植物生长的影响,首先从北京周边地区的养殖场猪粪、垃圾场中筛选出了9株高效降解有机物的嗜热菌,将其扩大培养,分别接种到猪粪中,堆肥发酵。经发酵完全后。作基肥对一串红进行种植试验,观察其对一串红生长的影响。从株高、叶量、冠幅、根长、叶绿素含量等方面进行了观测,通过主成分分析方法,计算出了一串红生长的形态和生理两个主要指标,继而通过此指标来检测了这9种猪粪堆肥对一串红生长的影响。结果表明：接种外源菌种处理的猪粪堆肥对在形态方面对一串红生长有较好的影响。其中GX-3菌种在堆肥过程中有利于腐殖酸的形成,从而促进了一串红的形态生长。  相似文献   

牛粪堆肥高效降解菌的筛选及复合微生物菌剂的制备   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李瑜  王琦  陈五岭 《安徽农业科学》2008,36(35)

[目的]确定最佳菌种复配比例。[方法]从牦牛粪自然堆肥中筛选菌株。以新鲜牛粪和稻壳粉为堆肥原料,以不加复合菌剂的处理为对照,将不同复合微生物菌剂以3‰的总接种量接入到堆肥中,观察不同处理对堆肥腐熟过程的影响。[结果]牦牛粪自然堆肥中的绿色木霉和米曲霉的生长速率和活性较高。绿色木霉∶米曲霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌∶假单胞菌=2∶2∶1∶1的处理,发酵过程中升温最快、温度最高。温度升高到55℃仅用6 d,高温维持8 d,最高温度为65.5℃。堆肥腐熟后,植物种子发芽指数为92.3%。[结论]复合微生物菌剂的最佳比例为绿色木霉∶米曲霉∶枯草芽孢杆菌∶假单胞菌=2∶2∶1∶1。  相似文献   

水解类酶活性在农业废弃物静态高温堆腐过程中的变化   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

谷洁  李生秀  秦清军  李明雷  高华 《中国农学通报》2005,21(5):32-32

在静态通气条件下,以养鸡场鸡粪、小麦秸秆为原料,研究了堆腐过程水解类酶活性、pH值、电导率（EC）变化。结果表明,加入微生物菌剂后纤维素酶、蔗糖酶活性在堆腐过程中的变化趋势同CK处理（不加微生物菌剂）基本一致,但两种酶的活性高峰值都高于CK处理,其峰值分别达到了glucose 0.457mg/(g·24h)和glucose 87.836mg/(g·24h),两种酶高峰值的出现均早于CK处理,其中纤维素酶活性高峰值较CK处理提前出现2d,蔗糖酶活性高峰值较CK处理提前出现6d;加入微生物菌剂能提高脲酶活性水平及其峰值;加入微生物菌剂处理的pH值相对较低,变化幅度较小;加入微生物菌剂后EC值较高。  相似文献   

培养基发酵处理方法对草菇栽培的影响     

江炳坤 《中国农学通报》2007,23(4):296-296

研究草菇生产中常用的培养基发酵方法,以生料栽培为对照,采用自然堆沤发酵法、常规二次发酵法和简易二次发酵法对草菇栽培的影响,调查结果表明：自然堆沤发酵法、常规二次发酵法和简易二次发酵法的栽培效果都要优于对照,其中,效果最好的是简易二次发酵法。简易二次发酵法的栽培材料理化性状、草菇菌丝生长、病虫害控制和草菇的产量、生产成本等,都比自然堆沤发酵法和常规二次发酵法有较大的优势,表明简易二次发酵法是草菇栽培中较理想的一种培养基处理方法。  相似文献   

微生物发酵菌剂对猪粪堆肥腐熟的影响   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：7  

刘益仁  刘光荣  李祖章  周荣娇  潘新群  李建国 《江西农业学报》2006,18(5):36-38

研究了添加微生物发酵菌剂对猪粪堆肥腐熟的影响。结果表明,添加微生物发酵菌剂堆肥温度第6d达到50℃,50℃以上持续时间达7d,符合粪便无害化卫生标准要求,C/N第20d下降为19.7∶1,第25d NH4+-N含量减少至72.6mg/kg,水溶性碳降低至4.7g/kg,种子发芽指数达到81.4%,上述指标均达到腐熟要求;对照堆肥温度第12d达到50℃,50℃以上持续时间为3.5d,第25d C/N为22.8∶1,NH4+-N含量为973.4mg/kg,水溶性碳含量为12.8g/kg,种子发芽指数为47.5%,均未达到腐熟要求;此外,添加菌剂处理堆肥物理性状明显改善,臭味明显减少。说明接种微生物发酵菌剂能明显加速堆肥的腐熟进程。  相似文献   

双孢蘑菇培养料贴堆再发酵技术     

张祖堂  龚国桢  李强  翁汉东  蔡开地 《中国食用菌》2009,28(2)

前发酵采用并排贴近式小堆群,以增加好气发酵比重,省工省时;后发酵根据二次发酵后培养料偏生、偏干或氨味3种情况,区别进行再发酵,以提高发酵品质。  相似文献   

Compost suppressiveness against Fusarium oxysporum was not reduced after one-year storage under various moisture and temperature conditions     

Ibrahim Saadi  Shlomit Medina  Michael Raviv 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2010,42(4):626-634

The effect of storage conditions on compost suppressiveness against fusarium wilt of melon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (FOM) was studied in relation to the dynamics of compost microbial activity and biodegradability. For this purpose, mature suppressive compost, prepared from tomato plants and separated cow manure, was divided into four portions and stored for one year under cool/warm (12 or 28 °C) or dry/wet (15-35 or 55-65% moisture content) conditions, in four different combinations: cool-dry, warm-dry, cool-wet and warm-wet. All composts retained and even enhanced their suppressive capacity during storage, with no significant differences among them by the end of the storage period. However, significant differences were found in the dynamics of some of the measured chemical and microbial properties. The microbial activity of composts stored under wet conditions was higher than that of those stored under dry condition, which resulted in a substantial decrease in dissolved organic matter content (expressed as dissolved organic carbon; DOC) and increase in its recalcitrance to biological degradation, decrease in basal heat emission, slower response to added glucose or citric acid, and higher NO₃ concentration, indicating increased nitrification under wet conditions. The DOC significantly correlated with several microbial properties as well as with compost suppressiveness of fusarium wilt of melon seedlings, and may be regarded as a most suitable general index for compost maturity. A best-subset multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the three best predictors, namely dissolved organic carbon (DOC), basal heat, and mesophilic bacterial counts, could explain as much as 83% of the total variance in compost suppressiveness. The generally agreed association between compost maturity and suppressiveness was verified in this case. It appears that compost microbial populations might compete and interfere with the saprophytic stage of FOM conidia, between germination and host invasion. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that compost suppressiveness against fusarium wilt of melon can be maintained for at least one year under a wide range of storage conditions, without any loss of suppressive capacity. This fact has positive logistical implications for the use of suppressive composts against FOM.  相似文献   

生活垃圾堆肥腐熟度评价标准   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

宁尚晓 《安徽农学通报》2012,(5):28-29,98

腐熟度是指堆肥的完成程度,直接影响堆肥质量。生产实践中通常采用腐熟度来指示堆肥进行程度,腐熟度的变化主要体现在物理、化学、生物这3个方面。该文从物理、化学、生物3个方面出发,旨在建立一个相对完善、合理的堆肥腐熟度评价标准,从而为生产实践中腐熟度的评价提供理论指导。  相似文献   

Growth characters and chemical constituents of Dracocephalum moldavica L. plants in relation to compost fertilizer and planting distance     

M.S. Hussein  S.E. El-Sherbeny  M.Y. KhalilN.Y. Naguib  S.M. Aly 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006

Two experiments were carried out during two successive seasons to investigate the response of Dracocephalum moldavica L. (dragonhead) to various plant densities and compost applications. Compost levels had a promoting influence on most of vegetative growth parameters and accelerated essential oil accumulation and chemical constituents including total carbohydrate and photosynthetic pigments content. Similarly, wider plant spacing showed the greatest effect on growth components and chemical constituents. Generally, the maximum rate of compost (39.6 t/ha) combined with wider distance between plants (40 cm) had a favorable effect on most of growth characters. The same treatment gave the highest mean value for essential oil yield during the first season while the same compost rate combined with the medium distance (30 cm) gave the highest value during the second season. The main constituent of the essential oil was linalool followed by geranial. On the other hand, compost levels combined with different distances had a pronounced effect on the various essential oil constituents. It can be decisived that there is no significant difference between wider distance (40 cm) and medium one (30 cm); so, it can be recommended to apply the maximum level of compost (39.6 t/ha) combined with medium distance.  相似文献   

The suppressive effects of composts used as growth media against <Emphasis Type="Italic">Botrytis cinerea</Emphasis> in cucumber plants     

Guillem Segarra  Eva Casanova  Celia Borrero  Manuel Avilés  Isabel Trillas 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(4):393-402

The incidence/severity of soil-borne plant diseases is often reduced when composts are used as growth media. However, much less information is available about the effects of composts on the development of foliar diseases. Here we studied the suppressive capacity of five composts (from olive marc-cotton gin trash, grape marc, cork, spent mushroom and municipal organic and yard wastes) as growth media against Botrytis cinerea disease in cucumber plants. We also examined the putative correlations of several biotic and abiotic factors involved in disease suppression. The suppressive capacity of the growth media was studied by comparing disease incidence/severity in plants grown in composts with that occurring in plants grown in commercial peats, which are conducive to most soilborne diseases. Correlations were made between the occurrence of disease and leaf nutrient status, as well as electrical conductivity (EC) and microbial activity (measured as β-glucosidase activity) in the growth media. Cucumber plants grown in the peats showed greater severity of B. cinerea during the bioassay than those grown in composts. Mo, Ca and Si content in leaves showed negative correlations with this disease. A negative correlation with disease severity was observed for EC and microbial activity in the growth media. The noticeable reduction in B. cinerea in plants grown in composts was related to the supply of specific chemical elements, a certain degree of salt stress, and the high microbial activity of composts.  相似文献