Pharmacokinetics and distribution of minocycline in mature horses after oral administration of multiple doses and comparison with minimum inhibitory concentrations     

Schnabel LV  Papich MG  Divers TJ  Altier C  Aprea MS  McCarrel TM  Fortier LA 《Equine veterinary journal》2012,44(4):453-458

Reasons for performing study: Minocycline holds great potential for use in horses not only for its antimicrobial effects but also for its anti‐inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. However, there are no pharmacokinetic or safety data available regarding the use of oral minocycline in horses. Objectives: To determine pharmacokinetics, safety and penetration into plasma, synovial fluid, aqueous humour (AH) and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) of minocycline after oral administration of multiple doses in horses and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of minocycline for equine pathogenic bacteria. Methods: Six horses received minocycline (4 mg/kg bwt q. 12 h for 5 doses). Thirty‐three blood and 9 synovial fluid samples were collected over 96 h. Aqueous humour and CSF samples were collected 1 h after the final dose. Minocycline concentrations were measured using high pressure liquid chromatography. The MIC values of minocycline for equine bacterial isolates were determined. Results: At steady state, the mean ± s.d. peak concentration of minocycline in the plasma was 0.67 ± 0.26 µg/ml and the mean half‐life was 11.48 ± 3.23 h. The highest trough synovial fluid minocycline concentration was 0.33 ± 0.12 µg/ml. The AH concentration of minocycline was 0.09 ± 0.03 µg/ml in normal eyes and 0.11 ± 0.04 µg/ml in blood aqueous barrier‐disrupted eyes. The mean CSF concentration of minocycline was 0.38 ± 0.09 µg/ml. The MIC values were determined for 301 isolates. Minocycline concentrations were above the MIC₅₀ and MIC₉₀ for many gram‐positive equine pathogens. Potential relevance: This study supports the use of orally administered minocycline at a dose of 4 mg/kg bwt every 12 h for the treatment of nonocular infections caused by susceptible (MIC≤0.25 µg/ml) organisms in horses. Further studies are required to determine the dose that would be effective for the treatment of ocular infections.  相似文献   

The use of canine‐specific albumin in dogs with septic peritonitis     

Elise M. Craft DVM  Lisa L. Powell DVM  DACVECC 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(6):631-639

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Clinical,hematologic, and electrolyte changes with 0.9% sodium chloride or acetated fluids in endurance horses     

C. Langdon Fielding DVM  DACVECC  K. Gary Magdesian DVM  DACVIM  DACVECC  DACVCP  Chloe A. Meier  Diane M. Rhodes DVM 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》2012,22(3):327-331

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HPAM/Cr3+弱凝胶调驱体系的室内研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

罗跃  张艳芳  党娟华 《长江大学学报》2005,2(10):311-313

在室内研制了一种可供较高温度、高矿化度油藏深部调剖用的HPAM/Cr3 弱凝胶调驱体系.考察了聚合物浓度、交联剂浓度、稳定剂浓度、温度、矿化度以及pH值对成胶性能的影响.确定了HPAM/Cr3 弱凝胶体系的最佳形成条件:HPAM聚合物1200mg/L;铬交联剂J(以Cr3 计)浓度40mg/L;稳定剂W浓度40mg/L;体系pH值6～8;最佳使用温度70℃.HPAM/Cr3 弱凝胶体系可实现成胶时间可控,凝胶强度可调.  相似文献   

泵轮叶片削剪对液力变矩器性能的影响     

柴博森  杨昊旻  丛皓  潘军  朱国仁 《农业工程学报》2023,39(20):76-83

削剪泵轮叶片是优化液力变矩器性能的一种手段。为了研究泵轮叶片削剪程度对液力变矩器性能的影响规律,该研究基于计算流体动力学,采用应力混合涡湍流模型（stress-blended eddy simulation,SBES）对液力变矩器内部流场进行仿真模拟,依托外特性试验验证仿真结果的准确性。通过Q准则涡识别方法,甄选合适阈值重构叶片削剪前后泵轮流道三维涡系结构,定性分析多尺度涡动力学特性,量化提取二维流场图谱信息,揭示流速场时空演化规律。结果表明：泵轮叶片设计流线从出口处经过10%、20%和30%的削剪后,液力变矩器的变矩比逐渐增大,由原型变矩器的1.77增大到叶片削剪30%的2.33,泵轮转矩系数降幅明显,由原型变矩器的5.51降低到叶片削剪30%的3.39,叶片削剪10%后变矩比增大4.34%,泵轮转矩系数降低10.73%,降幅明显;随着泵轮叶片削剪程度加剧,叶片对流体的推动作用减弱,流体动能减小,多尺度涡运动趋势衰减,流道中部涡结构特征改变,流道出口高能小尺度“脱落涡”现象减弱;泵轮流道出口流速随叶片削剪程度增大而减小,由原型变矩器的23 m/s降低到叶片削剪30%的19 m/s,泵轮进口流速几乎不变,因进出口流速的变化,泵轮转矩系数降低。研究结果可为液力变矩器叶片设计与性能优化提供指导性建议。  相似文献   

The equine alveolar macrophage: Functional and phenotypic comparisons with peritoneal macrophages     

Anna E. Karagianni  Ronan Kapetanovic  Bruce C. McGorumDavid A. Hume  Scott R. Pirie 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》2013

Alveolar macrophages (AMs) constitute the first line of defence in the lung of all species, playing a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses to inhaled pathogens. A detailed understanding of the function and phenotype of AMs is a necessary pre-requisite to both elucidating their role in preventing opportunistic bacterial colonisation of the lower respiratory tract and developing appropriate preventative strategies. The purpose of the study was to characterise this important innate immune cell at the tissue level by making functional and phenotypic comparisons with peritoneal macrophages (PMs). We hypothesised that the tissue of origin determines a unique phenotype of AMs, which may constitute an appropriate therapeutic target for certain equine respiratory diseases. Macrophages isolated from the lung and the peritoneal cavity of 9 horses were stimulated with various toll like receptor (TLR) ligands and the production of nitrite, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin (IL) 10 and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) were measured by the Griess reaction and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and/or quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Cells were also compared on the basis of phagocytic-capacity and the expression of several cell surface markers. AMs, but not PMs, demonstrated increased TNFα release following stimulation with LPS, polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (Poly IC) and heat-killed Salmonella typhinurium and increased TNFα and IDO mRNA expression when stimulated with LPS. AMs showed high expression of the specific macrophage markers cluster of differentiation (CD) 14, CD163 and TLR4, whereas PMs showed high expression of TLR4 only. AMs, but not PMs, demonstrated efficient phagocytic activity. Our results demonstrate that AMs are more active than PMs when stimulated with various pro-inflammatory ligands, thus supporting the importance of the local microenvironment in the activation status of the macrophage. This information provides a valuable knowledge base on which to improve our understanding of the role of macrophages and their microenvironment in equine innate immunity.  相似文献   

Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Small Animals     

Sean Surman  Linda Fleeman 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2013

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蜜蜂肽Apidaecin突变体的体外稳定性     

胡胜兰  李卫芬  孙建栋  林志伟  曹翠平  周绪霞 《中国兽医学报》2013,33(8)

利用化学合成的方法获得蜜蜂肽Apidaecin 1B(AP 1B)及其系列突变体,通过对不同细菌的MIC测定,筛选获得了抑菌活性更高的改良肽AP2.AP2的特性研究结果表明,在低pH值条件下对胃蛋白酶稳定性好,并且对热、模拟肠液有一定的耐受性.研究结果将为蜜蜂肽Apidaecin的开发及其在畜牧业中的应用奠定基础.  相似文献   

Using urea dilution to standardise components of pleural and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids in the dog     

PC Mills  AL Litster 《New Zealand veterinary journal》2013,61(6):423-427

AIM: To develop a technique to estimate the volume of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) obtained during bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and pleural lavage (PL) in the dog, using the urea dilution method.

METHODS: BAL and PL fluids were obtained by saline lavage of pulmonary and pleural cavities of nine clinically healthy mixed-breed dogs immediately after euthanasia. Cell counts in the BAL and PL fluids were measured using standard techniques. The concentration of ELF in each lavage fluid was calculated from the relative concentration of urea in plasma and in each type of lavage fluid. Cell counts in ELF were then calculated.

RESULTS: There were substantially higher cell counts in ELF compared to BAL or PF fluid. However, nucleated cell counts in ELF could not be predicted from cell counts in BAL or PL fluid.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results suggest that accurate assessment of cellular or non-cellular components in lavage fluids should include a calculation of the proportion of ELF recovered, using a method such as urea dilution.  相似文献   

Management of cases suffering from atypical myopathy: Interpretations of descriptive,epidemiological and pathophysiological findings. Part 1: First aid,cardiovascular, nutritional and digestive care     

G. van Galen  D.‐M. Votion 《Equine Veterinary Education》2013,25(5):264-270

Atypical myopathy is highly fatal, but about a quarter of affected horses survive. This highlights the need for provision of supportive treatment for these cases. This review is a practical guideline for equine practitioners and includes suggestions for close monitoring of involved organ systems and discusses options of supportive treatment based on current knowledge of the condition.  相似文献