Evolution Analysis About Soybean MIR166 Family     

Wang Zhi-hao  Jin Hui-hui  Chen Qing-shan  Zhu Rong-sheng 《东北农业大学学报(英文版)》2015,(1):22-29

MicroRNA(miRNA) is a class of important regulating non-coding small molecular RNA. The gma-MIR166 gene family consists of 21 members and their expression patterns diversify widely. It is important to analyze the evolution of gma-MIR166 gene family in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of miRNAs in soybean. In this study, we implemented soybean wide genome block analysis, the molecular phylogeny of gma-MIR166 and block analysis of gma-MIR166 family. The results showed that both chromosome big segmental duplications and tandem duplications were main reasons contributed to the expanding of gmaMIR166 gene family. These findings suggested that gma-MIR166 gene family might originate from one or two ancient miRNA genes. The results of research provided a support for evolutionary study of miRNAs in soybean and related species in Fabaceae.  相似文献   

日粮大豆活性肽对仔猪生长和相关理化指标及抗氧化性能的影响     

邱玉朗  万伶俐  魏炳栋  刘海燕  于维  李林  陈群 《畜牧与兽医》2011,43(7)

为了探讨大豆活性肽对仔猪生长性能、血液指标及氧化应激参数的影响,试验选取仔猪48头,随机分为2组,每组设3个重复,每重复8头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂用大豆活性肽替代2%豆粕的日粮。结果:添加2%大豆活性肽,20 d时,显著提高了仔猪粗脂肪、粗蛋白的消化率(P<0.05);血清总蛋白(TP)、血清白蛋白(ALB)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)水平略高于对照组;50 d时,大豆活性肽显著提高了仔猪干物质、粗灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白、粗纤维的消化率(P<0.05),而且总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及TP水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05);全程试验组日增重均显著的高于对照组,料重比、腹泻率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),然而对尿素氮(BUN)和甘油三脂(TG)影响不明显。  相似文献   

奶牛产奶前期营养调控研究     

张英辉  王晶  初月宏  初春玲  赵笑鹏 《吉林畜牧兽医》2011,32(3):5-6

通过对奶牛日粮代谢能、粗蛋白质和粗饲料类型3个营养因素对产奶前期奶牛100d产奶量影响的测定,确定日粮代谢能是起主导作用的因素。本试验ME:11.0MJ/kg,CP:12.0,粗饲料为全株玉米青贮饲料加玉米秸,奶牛100d产奶量可达到2907kg,平均日产奶29.07kg/d,全日粮料奶比为0.69:1,相当于精饲料产奶比0.31:1。根据上述试验结果和吉林西部的气候与饲料资源特点,笔者推荐在奶牛产奶前期生产中使用ME:10.0MJ/kg,CP:10.5的日粮,尽量不使用稻草作为奶牛产奶前期的主要粗饲料。  相似文献   

中国荷斯坦牛干奶期长度的群体特征及其与生产性能的关系     

宁景扬  马龙刚  陈紫薇  安涛  常瑶  王凯  王磊  陈少侃  张帆  郭刚  张海亮  王雅春 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(9):3368-3377

本研究旨在探究北京地区中国荷斯坦牛干奶期长度（DPL）的变化规律及其变异对奶牛各项生产性能的影响，包括产奶性能、繁殖性能、初乳品质和乳房健康。收集了北京地区34个牧场出生于2009—2018年136 231头中国荷斯坦牛的干奶日期、生产性能记录、繁殖性能记录等。通过整理试验牛群的干奶记录，揭示了北京地区中国荷斯坦牛1胎和2胎DPL的群体规律，利用固定模型分析了胎次、产犊季节、场-产犊年和初产月龄对DPL的影响；此外，利用固定模型分析了DPL的变异对日产奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率、首末次配种间隔（interval from first to last insemination，IFL）、产犊至首次配种间隔（interval from calving to first insemination，ICF）和初乳品质的影响，利用Logistic回归过程分析了DPL的变异对首次配种受胎率（conception rate of first insemination，CR）、首次配种56 d不返情率（56-days non-return rate of first insemination，NRR56）、难产率和乳房健康的影响。研究结果显示，北京地区中国荷斯坦牛DPL平均为58.81 d，胎次、产犊季节、场-产犊年和初产月龄均对DPL有显著影响（P<0.05）。DPL的变异对日产奶量、乳蛋白率、ICF、CR、NRR56、难产率和乳房健康有显著影响（P<0.05）。干奶期短的奶牛测定日平均乳蛋白率、CR和NRR56更高；DPL适中的奶牛测定日平均产奶量更高、乳房健康水平更好、ICF更短、难产率更低。本研究在国内利用大规模牛群数据揭示了中国荷斯坦牛DPL的群体规律，可为中国规模化奶牛场提升管理水平提供参考。  相似文献   

马乳脂肪球膜蛋白组鉴定及潜在功能分析     

常花香  李晓斌  熊素玉  张俊瑜  陈开旭  刘建成  李宁  臧长江  李凤鸣 《中国畜牧兽医》2021,48(11):4025-4034

试验旨在研究马乳脂肪球膜（milk fat globule membrane，MFGM）蛋白组成及潜在的生物学功能。选取12匹5岁左右、平均体重为450~500 kg的健康纯血母马作为试验动物，主要饲喂干牧草，所有马匹饲养和管理条件均相同。将12份样品以每组4份进行混合，分离提取产后第60天马乳中MFGM蛋白，进行高分辨质谱仪鉴定和生物信息学分析。结果显示，马MFGM组分中共鉴定出310种表达蛋白，这些蛋白主要参与的生物过程为生物调节、刺激应答、定位、多细胞生物过程、运输、信号、细胞通讯、发育过程、细胞分化和免疫系统过程等；细胞成分主要为胞外区域、膜、囊泡、核仁和线粒体等；分子功能主要为催化活性、蛋白质结合、碳水化合物衍生物结合和小分子结合等。KEGG通路分析表明，MFGM蛋白主要参与血小板活化通路、内吞、脂肪酸生物合成和Ras信号通路等。马乳MFGM蛋白的蛋白质互作网络分析图中共包含215种蛋白质。本研究结果揭示了马乳MFGM蛋白质组的复杂性，为解析其营养和生物学功能提供了科学数据。  相似文献   

Influence of amount and frequency of protein supplementation to steers consuming low-quality,cool-season forage: intake,nutrient digestibility,and ruminal fermentation     

Bruno I Cappellozza  David W Bohnert  Maria M Reis  Kendall C Swanson  Stephanie J Falck  Reinaldo F Cooke 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)

This experiment evaluated the influence of protein supplementation frequency (SF) and amount offered on intake, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation by rumen-fistulated beef steers consuming low-quality [2.9% crude protein (CP); dry matter (DM) basis], cool-season forage. Seven Angus × Hereford steers (300 ± 27 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments in an incomplete 7 × 4 Latin square. Treatments, in a 2 × 3 factorial design plus a non-supplemented control (CON), consisted of 2 levels of supplemental soybean meal, 100% (F) or 50% (H) of the estimated rumen-degradable protein requirement, provided daily (D), once every 5 d (5D), or once every 10 d (10D). Experimental periods were 30 d and dry matter intake (DMI) was measured from days 19 to 28. On days 21 (all supplements provided) and 30 (only daily supplements provided; day immediately prior to supplementation for 5D and 10D treatments) ruminal fluid was collected for ruminal pH, ammonia-N (NH₃), volatile fatty acids (VFA), and determination of ruminal fermentation variables. Forage and total DM, organic matter (OM), and nitrogen (N) intake increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04). However, a linear effect of SF × amount of supplement interaction was observed for forage and total DM, OM, and N intake (P ≤ 0.04), with each variable decreasing as SF decreased, but the decrease being greater with F vs. H. Apparent total tract DM, OM, and neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by supplementation or amount of supplement provided (P ≥ 0.10). In contrast, N digestibility increased with supplementation and for F vs. H (P < 0.01). Digestibility of DM, OM, and N increased linearly as SF decreased (P ≤ 0.03). When all supplements were provided, ruminal NH₃, total VFA, and molar proportions of all individual VFA increased with supplementation (P ≤ 0.04), whereas acetate:propionate ratio decreased (P < 0.01). When only daily supplements were provided, none of the aforementioned fermentation parameters were affected (P ≥ 0.09). In summary, reducing the amount of supplemental CP provided to ruminants consuming low-quality forages, when supplementation intervals are >5 d, can be a management tool to maintain acceptable levels of DMI, nutrient digestibility, and ruminal fermentation while reducing supplementation cost.  相似文献   

Effect of feed restriction on dairy cow milk production: a review     

Antoine Leduc  Sylvain Souchet  Marine Gel  Fabienne Le Provost  Marion Boutinaud 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(7)

In the dairy cow, negative energy balance affects milk yield and composition as well as animal health. Studying the effects of negative energy balance on dairy cow milk production is thus essential. Feed restriction (FR) experiments attempting to reproduce negative energy balance by reducing the quantity or quality of the diet were conducted in order to better describe the animal physiology changes. The study of FR is also of interest since with climate change issues, cows may be increasingly faced with periods of drought leading to a shortage of forages. The aim of this article is to review the effects of FR during lactation in dairy cows to obtain a better understanding of metabolism changes and how it affects mammary gland activity and milk production and composition. A total of 41 papers studying FR in lactating cows were used to investigate physiological changes induced by these protocols. FR protocols affect the entire animal metabolism as indicated by changes in blood metabolites such as a decrease in glucose concentration and an increase in non-esterified fatty acid or β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations; hormonal regulations such as a decrease in insulin and insulin-like growth factor I or an increase in growth hormone concentrations. These variations indicated a mobilization of body reserve in most studies. FR also affects mammary gland activity through changes in gene expression and could affect mammary cell turnover through cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and exfoliation of mammary epithelial cells into milk. Because of modifications of the mammary gland and general metabolism, FR decreases milk production and can affect milk composition with decreased lactose and protein concentrations and increased fat concentration. These effects, however, can vary widely depending on the type of restriction, its duration and intensity, or the stage of lactation in which it takes place. Finally, to avoid yield loss and metabolic disorders, it is important to identify reliable biomarkers to monitor energy balance.  相似文献   

戴瑞奶绵羊产奶性状的全基因组关联分析     

米布农  张立果  乌日汉  郭玉林  王春伟  徐全忠  冯爽  李光鹏  苏小虎  张立 《畜牧兽医学报》2021,52(11):3294-3303

旨在通过对奶绵羊产奶性状的全基因组关联分析（GWAS）,寻找和定位与奶绵羊产奶性状相关的遗传标记和功能基因。本研究以135只戴瑞奶绵羊为试验材料,基于全基因组重测序技术,通过SAMTOOLS进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）检测,使用PLINK v1.90进行质控,利用GEMMA v 0.98.1的混合线性模型对质控结果进行奶绵羊产奶性状相关的全基因组关联分析。结果表明,有1个SNP与泌乳后90天日均产奶量在全基因组范围内显著相关,8个SNPs达到潜在显著关联,相关的候选基因包括TRNAQ-CUG-2、LOC114117240、ACADL、MYL1、CHD6、SLCO3A1;有2个SNPs与150天日均产奶量达潜在显著关联,相关的候选基因包括PRMT6、RNF180;有2个SNPs与泌乳周期达潜在显著关联,相关的候选基因包括PRMT6、TRNAW-CCA-68、TRNAS-GGA-61。进一步基因功能分析推测,ACADL、SLCO3A1可能是影响奶绵羊产奶性状的候选基因。本研究为奶绵羊产奶性状的分子机制解析提供了一定的基础,为我国奶绵羊新品种培育提供了一定的理论参考。  相似文献   

物候期对放牧牦牛瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成的影响及其相关性分析     

潘发明  常生华  王国栋  郝生燕  刘佳  张辉元  徐银萍 《草业学报》2021,30(3):110-120

为研究牧草物候期对其脂肪酸组成和放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸（CLA）含量的影响及其相关关系,本研究在甘肃省甘南牧区选取平均体重为（234.9±10.5） kg的10头带犊甘南牦牛作为研究对象（自然放牧）,分别于牧草返青期、盛草期、枯草期采集试验牦牛采食牧草、乳和瘤胃液,分别测定瘤胃液、牧草中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成,并分析其相关关系,以期探明牧草物候期对牦牛瘤胃液和牧草中脂肪酸组成与放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸含量的影响及其变化规律。结果表明：物候期显著影响了牧草中月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸/总脂肪酸（P<0.05）,盛草期牧草中月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、总脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸、多不饱和脂肪酸含量/总脂肪酸均显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）;物候期显著影响了牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸异构体c9t11、共轭亚油酸异构体t10c12和共轭亚油酸总含量（P<0.05）,盛草期放牧牦牛乳中共轭亚油酸异构体c9t11、共轭亚油酸异构体t10c12和共轭亚油酸总含量显著高于返青期和枯草期（P<0.05）;物候期显著影响了牦牛瘤胃pH值、乙酸、丙酸、乙酸/丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、总挥发酸和反式11-油酸含量（P<0.05）,盛草期牦牛瘤胃乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸总挥发酸和反式11-油酸含量显著高于返青期和枯黄期（P<0.05）;牧草粗蛋白、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、单宁酸、总脂肪酸和瘤胃液pH值与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量显著正相关（P<0.05）,粗纤维和粗灰分与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量显著负相关（P<0.05）,多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）和瘤胃总挥发酸（TVFA）与放牧牦牛乳中CLA含量无显著相关关系（P>0.05）。  相似文献   

Production,chemical composition,and fatty acid profile of milk from buffaloes fed with cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum) cake and murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru) cake in the Eastern Amazon     

André Guimarães Maciel e Silva  Suely Cristina Gomes de Lima  Pedro Danilo de Oliveira  Michel dos Santos Moraes  Célia Maria Costa Guimarães  Jamile Andréa Rodrigues da Silva  Alexandre Rossetto Garcia  Benjamim de Souza Nahúm  Lilaine de Sousa Neres  Gerlane Nunes Noronha  José de Brito Lourenço Júnior 《Animal Science Journal》2021,92(1):e13576

The objective was to evaluate the effect of concentrate supplementation using by-products of the Amazonian industry on milk production, milk composition, and milk fatty acid profile of dairy buffaloes. Twelve lactating buffaloes (544.5 ± 35.6 kg, 6.4 ± 2.2 years old, 59 ± 6 days in milk) were allotted in a pasture of Mombaça grass and managed under rotational grazing (4 days occupancy/28 days rest). A 3 × 3 Latin square was adopted, and each animal alternately received three supplementary treatments based on corn bran + soybean meal or cupuaçu cake or murumuru cake for 21 days per treatment. Murumuru cake increased the levels of lauric acid and myristic acid in the milk (p < 0.05). Murumuru cake reduced the unsaturated fatty acid contents in the milk compared with animals fed control diet or cupuaçu cake (24.27% vs. 25.24% vs. 25.08%). The n-6/n-3 ratio was 2.6, 1.97, and 2.0 in the control, cupuaçu, and murumuru groups, respectively. Based on this parameter, cakes made from cupuaçu as well as murumuru could be considered to be adequate for inclusion in dairy water buffalo feed. However, the murumuru cake addition requires some caution because its use induces the secretion of higher levels of lauric and myristic fatty acids that are related to human cardiovascular disease.  相似文献