团头鲂“浦江1号” 选育后期世代群体同野生群体间遗传变异的ISSR分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵岩  李思发  唐首杰 《水产学报》2009,33(6):893-900

以团头鲂“浦江1号” 选育后期3个世代群体（F₇、F₈、F₉）为试验对象、其选育奠基群体（1985年淤泥湖野生群体）后代、淤泥湖野生群体（2007年）、梁子湖野生群体（2007年）为对照材料,通过ISSR标记技术分析,并通过部分样本的细胞色素b基因测序的补充验证,了解选育所产生的遗传变异及野生群体遗传结构现状。主要结果：（1）从100个ISSR引物中筛选出26个引物,扩增出清晰、可重复的条带共164条,多态性条带比例49.39%。细胞色素b基因在选育良种3个世代中只发现一种单倍型。（2）选育群体同选育奠基群体后代、野生群体间的遗传差异显著,如群体多态位点百分数,F₉（28.05%）比选育奠基群体后代（40.24%）减少了30.29%,比淤泥湖野生群体（41.46%）减少了32.34%。选育群体同淤泥湖野生群体间的遗传相似系数最小（0.935 0）,距离最大（0.067 2）,两两配对F_ST值最大（F_ST=0.305 72）;UPGMA法构建系统进化树表明,选育群体同野生群体处于两个大分支,而在野生群体大支中,选育奠基群体后代与淤泥湖原种野生群体间配对F_ST值最小（F_ST=0.050 45）。（3）选育群体F₇、F₈、F₉各世代间遗传分化虽弱（低G_ST 0.141 7值,高N_m 3.027 9值）,但多态位点百分数、位点基因平均多样性、Nei氏基因多样性、群体内Shannon多样性指数等遗传参数仍然都呈现随选育世代数的累进而降低的趋势。（4）ISSR比细胞色素b基因更适合近缘种的相关关系研究。（5）经过二十多年9代的选育,相对于野生群体,团头鲂“浦江1号”良种已产生了明显的遗传分化,性状已相当稳定,但离选育极限尚有一定距离,今后应在继续监测其遗传结构变化的基础上,进一步挖掘选育潜力,同时要避免种质混杂、近交衰退及瓶颈效应等的发生。  相似文献   

水温和盐度对广东鲂胚胎发育的影响   总被引：18，自引：1，他引：17  

叶星 《水产学报》1998,22(4):322-327

广东鲂胚胎发育的最低和最高临界水温分别是２０℃和３１,最适水温范围是２４－２８℃,胚胎发育所需时间与水 成负相关关系;水温对胚胎发育速率的影响后期较前期大。胚胎发育的最高临界盐度为１１,最适盐度范围成是０－７;一定范围的盐度对广东鲂胚胎发育和孵化出现膜有良好的刺激作用。盐度对胚胎发育速度的影响远不及水温对其的影响大。  相似文献   

团头鲂黑素皮质素3型受体基因克隆及表达分析     

廖盛臣  陈凯  习丙文  秦婷  潘良坤  谢骏 《中国水产科学》2019,26(3):445-456

黑素皮质素3型受体(MC3R)系统与动物摄食行为以及能量调控密切相关。为丰富鱼类MC3R相关基础研究,探索鱼类摄食行为与能量调控机制,本研究克隆了团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)mc3r基因,采用分子生物信息学和相对荧光定量PCR方法分别对氨基酸序列保守结构域、组织表达分布和禁食条件下的表达变化等开展分析研究。结果显示,团头鲂mc3r基因编码区全长984 bp,编码327个氨基酸,与现有报道的MC3R氨基酸序列高度相似,具有典型的7次跨膜结构域。组织表达图谱分析表明,mc3rmRNA在下丘脑、垂体、肝脏和卵巢有相对较高的表达。禁食试验结果显示,下丘脑和垂体中的转录变化与周期性摄食信号相关,其中下丘脑mc3r mRNA在禁食72 h和14 d的表达显著上调(P0.05),垂体mc3r mRNA在禁食72 h和禁食72 h后恢复投喂6 h表达量显著升高(P0.05),而肝脏中mc3r mRNA在禁食48 h和14 d的表达量显著上调(P0.05)。此外,对血液皮质醇和血糖的监测结果显示,两者均在禁食14 d有显著变化,其中皮质醇水平显著高于对照组(P0.05),而血糖水平显著低于对照组(P0.05)。综合本研究结果表明,MC3R在鲤科鱼类中具有高度相似的氨基酸序列和结构域;在组织中的转录表达变化与食物摄取有明显相关性,对调控鱼体摄食行为和能量代谢具有重要作用。  相似文献   

Complete replacement of fish meal by plant protein ingredients with dietary essential amino acids supplementation for juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)     

Mokrani Ahmed  Hualiang Liang  Hopeson Chisomo Kasiya  Ke Ji  Xianping Ge  Mingchun Ren  Bo Liu  Xuezhi Zhu  Ajun Sun 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(1):205-214

Six extruded diets were formulated with a graded level of fish meal (FM); diet 1 and diet 2 were formulated with 80 g/kg FM; diet 3 and diet 4 were formulated with 40 g/kg FM; and diet 5 and diet 6 were devoid of FM. Hence, diet 2, diet 4 and diet 6 were supplemented with essential amino acids (EAAs). The diets were fed throughout an eight‐week feeding trial. The results revealed that specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), body weight gain (BWG) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were influenced by FM reduction and improved by the addition of EAA (p < 0.05). A survival rate (SR), whole body content of protein, lipid, moisture and ash, and plasma total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglyceride (TG) and urea (UN) did not influence by dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Additionally, target of rapamycin (TOR) pathway did not influence by dietary treatments (p > 0.05). Expression levels of hepatic peptide transporter 1 (Pept1) and peptide transporter 2 (Pept2) decreased against FM reduction and improved significantly in the groups fed diet 4 and diet 6. In summary, the findings revealed that diet containing plant proteins mixture supplemented with EAA could totally replace FM in the practical diet of blunt snout bream.  相似文献   

An evaluation of replacing fish meal with cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate in diet for juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala): Growth,antioxidant, innate immunity and disease resistance     

Xiangyang Yuan  Guangzhen Jiang  Huihui Cheng  Xiufei Cao  Huajuan Shi  Wenbin Liu 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2019,25(6):1334-1344

This study evaluated effects of fishmeal replacement by cottonseed meal protein hydrolysate (CPH) on growth, antioxidant and immunity of Megalobrama amblycephala and its resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish (average weight: 38.66 ± 0.08 g) were divided into five groups and fed with five isonitrogenous (320 g/kg crude protein), isolipidic (70 g/kg crude fat) and isocaloric (17.8 MJ/kg gross energy) diets replacing fishmeal with 0%, 1%, 3%, 5% and 7% CPH, respectively. The control diet contained 60 g/kg fishmeal. Final weight and weight gain of fish fed 5% and 7% CPH were significantly lower than that of fish fed control diet (p < 0.05). 3% CPH significantly increased total protein, globulin, acid phosphatase, C3 and C4 contents of plasma and total‐superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of liver (p < 0.05), as well as upregulated the antimicrobial peptides 1 and 2 (Leap‐1 and Leap‐2) expression levels in liver and spleen (p < 0.05). After challenge, the lowest mortality was observed in fish fed 3% CPH, and it was significantly lower than that in fish fed the 7% CPH (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary fishmeal replacement by 3% CPH could increase antioxidative capacity, as well as enhance immunity of fish.  相似文献   

High‐fat diet‐induced inflammation aggravates hepatic steatosis of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) through the transcription regulation of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation     

Xiu‐Fei Cao  Wen‐Bin Liu  Qing‐Hui Ai  Xue‐Shan Li  Jin‐Bao Li  Wei Fang  Yang‐Yang Huang  Cong‐Cong Wang  Guang‐Zhen Jiang 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2020,26(5):1493-1504

  相似文献   

Morphological variation among the four Megalobrama species inferred by X‐ray photography     

Jing Chen  Jing Guo  Zhi‐Qiang Wang  Wei‐Min Wang 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(10):3999-4010

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Isolation,identification and character analysis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from Megalobrama terminalis     

Fei Zhao  Shan He  Ai-ping Tan  Xue-zhong Guo  Lan Jiang  Cui Liu-Fu  Yu-ting Deng  Rui-quan Zhang 《Journal of fish diseases》2020,43(2):239-252

Pure bacterial cultures were isolated from different tissues of moribund Megalobrama terminalis from a high mortality event that occurred at a farm in Foshan, China. Two isolates (F2 and F3) were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae based on morphological and biochemical detection as well as molecular analysis. In brain heart infusion broth, the best growth conditions of isolate F3 were 35ºC, salinity 5‰ and pH 7. Furthermore, infection with isolate F3 (1.2 × 10⁶ CFU/fish) led to the death of M. terminalis and zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, isolate F3 had no obvious pathogenicity to tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). When the water temperature was 29ºC, the corresponding mortality rates for zebrafish infected by isolate F3 were higher than those at 23ºC. Culture for 24 and 72 hr with isolate F3 resulted in the same mortality rates for zebrafish. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that isolate F3 was susceptible to ampicillin, florfenicol and several other antibiotics but resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, neomycin and amikacin. To our knowledge, this is the first report that S. dysgalactiae infected the subtropical freshwater fish M. terminalis, which indicates that this bacterium is a potential threat to subtropical freshwater fish.  相似文献   

团头鲂低氧耐受相关SNPs标记的开发     

陈柏湘  王伟峰  王卫民  王焕岭 《华中农业大学学报》2019,38(2):23-29

为寻找耐低氧相关SNPs分子标记辅助团头鲂优良品种选育,利用团头鲂低氧耐受和敏感群体的转录组数据,进行SNPs位点的开发和鉴定,获得52 623个可能的SNPs位点,其中碱基转换和颠换型位点分别占57.4%(30 192个)和31.9%(16 802个);同义SNPs占编码区总SNPs的99.7%,非同义SNPs仅有32～35个;使用PCR-RFLP技术对筛选出的5个非同义的多态性SNPs进行耐低氧性状关联分析。结果显示,Plin2-A1157G和Hif-3α-A2917G位点的SNPs在团头鲂亲本群体中与低氧耐受性状显著相关,但在子代群体中却与低氧耐受性状无显著相关性。这说明亲代中筛选出的分子标记并不一定适用于子代群体,在利用分子标记辅助育种时需要考虑标记在子代中的有效性。  相似文献   

饥饿和再投喂对厚颌鲂稚鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响     

李芹  唐洪玉  郑永华  张伟 《西南大学学报》2013,35(7)

该试验研究了饥饿和再投喂对厚颌鲂稚鱼生长及消化酶活性的影响.试验分成5组,分别饥饿0 d(S0)、饥饿3 d(S3)、饥饿6 d(S6)、饥饿10 d(S10)、饥饿15 d(S15)后再恢复投喂.选取样品分析测定厚颌鲂生长以及饥饿和再投喂后胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶、脂肪酶及碱性磷酸酶的活性.结果表明:厚颌鲂稚鱼在饥饿后体质量显著下降(p＜0.05),恢复投喂后S3表现出超补偿生长现象,S6表现出完全补偿生长现象,而S10,S15则表现出部分补偿生长现象.胰蛋白酶比活力在饥饿期间显著下降(p＜0.05),恢复投喂后S3,S6与S0(p＞0.05)无显著差异,而S10,S15则显著低于S0组(p＜0.05).淀粉酶比活力在饥饿3d后升高,随后随饥饿时间增加而降低,恢复投喂后S3,S6的淀粉酶活性与S0无显著差异(p＞0.05),S10,S15则显著低于S0(p＜0.05).脂肪酶比活力在饥饿3d后显著降低(p＜0.05),随后随饥饿时间增加而升高,恢复投喂后各组的脂肪酶活性均有上升,但均未达到S0的水平.  相似文献