基于有限元技术的疲劳寿命分析     

王启唐  韩兵  王岐燕  朱茂桃 《拖拉机与农用运输车》2007,34(3):76-77,86

叙述了有限元技术在疲劳寿命预测中的应用和一般的分析过程;着重介绍了疲劳载荷历程的合成规则和表面节点应力状态的判断方法;归纳评述了常用的多轴疲劳损伤模型;针对结构中普遍存在的焊缝焊点给出了具体的疲劳寿命分析方法;最后给出驱动桥壳疲劳寿命分析实例,计算结果和试验数据基本一致,说明基于有限元法的疲劳寿命预测是切实可行的,可以降低成本,缩短研发周期。  相似文献   

地下水埋深对棉花灌溉制度的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

庄杨  卢健  缴锡云 《节水灌溉》2015,(3):15-17

针对黑龙港流域地下水位总体趋势持续下降的现象,结合沧州市南皮县棉田的原位试验,采用HYDRUS 1D模型进行数值模拟,分析不同地下水埋深条件下,地下水对棉花根系层的补给作用对灌溉制度的影响。结果表明,当全生育期地下水平均埋深为1.5、2m时,地下水对棉花根系层的补给量相当于实验棉田0.5~1.5倍的灌水定额。由此制定3种(1.5、2、3m)地下水埋深条件下不同降水水平年的棉田灌溉制度:播前灌之后,50%水平年不再灌溉;75%水平年当地下水平均埋深为3m时,灌一次花铃水;85%水平年在地下水平均埋深为2、3m时,各灌一次花铃水。地下水补给作用对棉花根系层土壤含水率存在着不可忽视的影响,特别是当地下水埋深不超过2m时制定棉田的灌溉制度应充分考虑地下水的补给作用。  相似文献   

排种器实验台变频调速系统设计     

杨玲  袁洪印 《农机化研究》2007,(6):149-151

为了利用排种器实验台进行精密播种机排种器的试验研究,设计了排种器实验台的调速系统.首先,介绍了排种器实验台变频调速系统的硬件构成;然后,基于计算机与变频器之间的串行通讯协议,利用VC 的MSComm通讯控件,用VC 6.0语言开发了排种器实验台变频调速系统的控制程序,实现了排种器实验台计算机与变频器的串行通讯.该系统具有操作方便、调速手段多、可靠性和抗干扰能力强等特点,可以满足排种器实验台需要对速度进行实时调节的要求.  相似文献   

河岸浸没预测及排水沟效果研究     

谢先红  杨金忠 《中国农村水利水电》2005,(6):47-50

针对浸没预测忽略上边界入渗补给和蒸发等问题的缺陷，利用Visual Modflow地下水模拟软件，建立了非稳定流数学模型，设定合理的边界条件，重点探讨了入渗系统和蒸发系统的确定方法和步骤。利用建立的数学模型，模拟计算浸没范围，并设置排水沟边界模拟排水效果。对多层地基，得出3.5m深排水沟可以将浸没范围控制在距堤脚100m范围内的结论。  相似文献   

Controlled water table management as a strategy for reducing salt loads from subsurface drainage under perennial agriculture in semi-arid Australia   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

John?W.?HornbuckleEmail author  Evan?W.?Christen  James?E.?Ayars  Richard?D.?Faulkner 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2005,19(2):145-159

Recent community based actions to ensure the sustainability of irrigation and protection of associated ecosystems in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA) of Australia has seen the implementation of a regional Land and Water Management Plan. This aims to improve land and water management within the irrigation area and minimise downstream impacts associated with irrigation. One of the plan objectives is to decrease current salt loads generated from subsurface drainage in perennial horticulture within the area from 20 000 tonnes/year to 17 000 tonnes/year. In order to meet such objectives Controlled Water table Management (CWM) is being investigated as a possible ‘Best Management Practice’, to reduce drainage volumes and salt loads.During 2000–2002 a trial was conducted on a 15 ha subsurface drained vineyard. This compared a traditional unmanaged subsurface drainage system with a controlled drainage system utilizing weirs to maintain water tables and changes in irrigation scheduling to maximize the potential crop use of a shallow water table. Drainage volumes, salt loads and water table elevations throughout the field were monitored to investigate the effects of controlled drainage on drain flows and salt loads.Results from the experiment showed that controlled drainage significantly reduced drainage volumes and salt loads compared to unmanaged systems. However, there were marked increases in soil salinity which will need to be carefully monitored and managed.  相似文献   

Farm salinity appraisal with water reuse     

K.C.?Tarboton  W.W.?WallenderEmail author  N.S.?RaghuwanshiEmail author 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》2004,18(3):255-273

The need for a better understanding of the interaction between irrigation practices and the elevation and quality of the water table is of paramount importance for developing irrigation management strategies to ameliorate the regional problems of elevated saline water tables in the San Joaquin Valley, California. An area of approximately 3000 ha which includes portions of the Diener Ranch and the adjacent University of California, Westside Research and Extension Center, located south of Five Points in the Westlands Water District on the west side of the San Joaquin Valley was chosen for extensive field measurements. Field work consisted of four main activities namely, field instrumentation, collection of records of field activities, periodic data collection, and analyses of field data. Field measurements of water table carried out during 1994 indicated that the water table elevation was sensitive to the irrigation practices. There was a general increase in the area with a water table close to the surface during the irrigation season, and a return to water table elevations similar to the starting conditions at the end of the season. During the study period, the surface water quality deteriorated more in areas irrigated with reuse water and persisted through the end of the season. Depth averaged electrical conductivity for the study area over 6.5 m decreased between December 1993 and December 1994. Vertical hydraulic gradients in the saturated zone, were found to be an order of magnitude larger than horizontal gradients. The direction of vertical gradients changed, with downward gradients following pre-irrigations and upward gradients later in the season, when crop water requirements increased. Based on the results of the field study, it can be concluded that the irrigation management practices have a direct effect on local water table response as well as on water quality. Therefore, irrigation practices that promote less deep percolation losses may be helpful in controlling the water table rise.  相似文献   

Simulation of drainage water quality with DRAINMOD     

R. W. Skaggs  M. A. Brevé  A. T. Mohammad  J. E. Parsons  J. W. Gilliam 《Irrigation and Drainage Systems》1995,9(3):259-277

The design and management of drainage systems should consider impacts on drainage water quality and receiving streams, as well as on agricultural productivity. Two simulation models that are being developed to predict these impacts are briefly described. DRAINMOD-N uses hydrologic predictions by DRAINMOD, including daily soil water fluxes, in numerical solutions to the advective-dispersive-reactive (ADR) equation to describe movement and fate of NO₃-N in shallow water table soils. DRAINMOD- CREAMS links DRAINMOD hydrology with submodels in CREAMS to predict effects of drainage treatment and controlled drainage losses of sediment and agricultural chemicals via surface runoff. The models were applied to analyze effects of drainage intensity on a Portsmouth sandy loam in eastern North Carolina. Depending on surface depressional storage, agricultural production objectives could be satisfied with drain spacings of 40 m or less. Predicted effects of drainage design and management on NO₃-N losses were substantial. Increasing drain spacing from 20 m to 40 m reduced predicted NO₃-N losses by over 45% for both good and poor surface drainage. Controlled drainage further decreases NO₃-N losses. For example, predicted average annual NO₃-N losses for a 30 m spacing were reduced 50% by controlled drainage. Splitting the application of nitrogen fertilizer, so that 100 kg/ha is applied at planting and 50 kg/ha is applied 37 days later, reduced average predicted NO₃-N losses but by only 5 to 6%. This practice was more effective in years when heavy rainfall occurred directly after planting. In contrast to effects on NO₃-N losses, reducing drainage intensity by increasing drain spacing or use of controlled drainage increased predicted losses of sediment and phosphorus (P). These losses were small for relatively flat conditions (0.2% slope), but may be large for even moderate slopes. For example, predicted sediment losses for a 2% slope exceeded 8000 kg/ha for a poorly drained condition (drain spacing of 100 m), but were reduced to 2100 kg/ha for a 20 m spacing. Agricultural production and water quality goals are sometimes in conflict. Our results indicate that simulation modeling can be used to examine the benefits of alternative designs and management strategies, from both production and environmental points-of-view. The utility of this methodology places additional emphasis on the need for field experiments to test the validity of the models over a range of soil, site and climatological conditions.  相似文献   

基于Visual C++MSComm通讯控件的排种器实验台变频调速系统设计     

杨玲  袁洪印  马云海 《中国农机化》2006,(1):63-65

介绍了排种器试验台变频调速系统的系统组成,以及实现计算机与变频器之间串行通讯的硬件构成及程序设计方法, 以此实现了计算机与变频器的串行通讯。利用本系统可以满足排种器实验台对计算机控制的速度实时调节的要求。  相似文献   

机器视觉排种试验台的研制   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4  

蔡晓华  吴泽全  程睿 《农机化研究》2005,(4):131-133

系统介绍了黑龙江省农机院研制的新型排种器试验台。该试验台包括可模拟机械和气力两种精密排种器高速作业,并具有实现稳定承种的机械装置和控制系统。基于试验台的工作原理,给出了机械结构简图、监控系统电气原理图,并简述了机器视觉方法测量排种粒距的原理和程序流程。该方法具有精确、直观、实时的优点。  相似文献   

东港地区稻田适宜排水沟距试验对比分析     

孟维忠  那利  姜洋 《节水灌溉》2003,(6):7-8

通过对辽宁东港灌区稻田排水沟距的综合对比试验分析，探讨了该地区稻田不同排水沟距对控制地下水位、渗漏量、土壤Eh值及水稻产量的影响，初步提出该地区稻田适宜的排水沟距。为今后该地区及类似地区排水沟道的规划设计提供了借鉴和参考，对水田的增产增收具有重要意义。  相似文献