长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)壳宽快速生长选育群体遗传多样性及遗传结构的微卫星标记分析          下载免费PDF全文

张荣良  王卫军  冯艳微  杨建敏  唐海田  纪仁平 《渔业科学进展》2016,37(4):90-96

为了监测长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)在选育过程中的遗传变异、分析选育对其遗传结构的影响,本研究以选育目标为壳宽快速生长的长牡蛎为实验材料,利用微卫星(Simple Sequence Repeats)标记技术,对长牡蛎基础群体(P0)和连续两代选育群体(F1和F2)进行遗传多样性评估。结果发现,所有微卫星位点在3个群体中都表现出了较高的多态性,P0、F1和F2代群体的平均等位基因数分别为16.5、12.2和12.8;P0、F1和F2代群体多态性信息含量(Pic)的平均数值分别为0.9068、0.8982和0.8836。所有群体10个位点的观测杂合度值(Ho)均小于期望杂合度值(He),观测杂合度平均值的大小范围为0.5775–0.6484,期望杂合度范围为0.8594–0.9279。哈迪-温伯格平衡(HWE)结果显示,3个群体在10个位点上有24个群体的位点组合显著偏离HWE(P<0.05),说明人工选育对选育群体的遗传结构有一定的影响。3个群体在10个位点上的Fis值均为正值,平均范围为0.1541–0.2341,表明群体内各位点上的杂合子比例有所下降;各群体间Fst值范围为0.0093–0.0245,遗传分化程度较弱。此研究表明,以壳宽快速生长为选育目的,长牡蛎连续选育群体仍具有很高遗传多样性,人工选育过程中保持一定选择压力,仍然会使长牡蛎的优良生长性状得到不断提高。  相似文献   

Seasonal variation in the condition index of Pacific oyster postlarvae (Crassostrea gigas) in a land‐based nursery in Sonora,Mexico     

Ramón H Barraza‐Guardado  Jorge Chávez‐Villalba  Héctor Atilano‐Silva  Francisco Hoyos‐Chairez 《Aquaculture Research》2008,40(1):118-128

This study examined the seasonal variation in the condition index (CI) of Crassostrea gigas postlarvae (<5 mm) that were cultivated at a commercial hatchery. Oysters were sampled weekly at the nursery using seawater from a lagoon for the grow‐out that precedes commercialization. Temperature, salinity, seston, chlorophyll a, oxygen and pH were recorded at each sampling and water samples were taken to identify phytoplankton groups and their abundance. High levels of primary productivity, chlorophyll a and seston were detected during summer, but the highest CI occurred in winter. During winter, elevated phytoplankton biomass was composed by diatoms and phytoflagellates, which served as the main food source and promoted weight gain in this season. Variations in salinity, oxygen and pH were not related to differences in the CI. However, it appears that the wide temperature variation affected functions, such as feeding activity, apparently enhancing ingestion during winter (mean 16.5±1.4 °C) and reducing ingestion during summer (mean 31±1.5 °C). Winter production resulted in postlarvae with a homogeneous size range and a high CI, indicating that winter is more favourable to start cultivation. The CI represents a practical means to determine the physiological state of postlarvae before transfer to cultivation sites.  相似文献   

Pathology and mass mortality of Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), in 2005 at the East Frisian coast, Germany   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Watermann BT  Herlyn M  Daehne B  Bergmann S  Meemken M  Kolodzey H 《Journal of fish diseases》2008,31(8):621-630

In 2005, Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas , were collected from May to September along the East Frisian coast and processed for histology. Because of mass mortalities in September, additional samples of moribund oysters and apparently healthy blue mussels, Mytilus edulis , were subjected to virological and ultrastructural investigation. The oysters displayed a variety of pathological conditions including viral gametocytic hypertrophy which is reported here for the first time from the German coast. Haemocyte aggregations in the digestive tract, in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa, in the mid-gut gland and in the ventricle of the heart were commonly observed at some stations. In association with mass mortalities, severe gill necrosis occurred which may have contributed to the high mortality rates. Total mortality rates of up to approximately 60% were seen. All size classes and thus age classes of oysters were affected, with highest mortality rates within the youngest age classes which had just reached sexual maturity (shell lengths <40 mm). The smallest dead oysters had shell lengths of 10 mm. The phenomenon was mainly restricted to C. gigas stocks in harbours, probably because of favourable conditions for infection, i.e. limited water exchange, less food availability, reduced oxygen content and higher pollution levels.  相似文献   

Genetic differentiation between Zhe oyster Crassostrea plicatula and pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas populations in China assessed by microsatellite analysis     

Hong Yu  Qi Li  Ruihai Yu 《Fisheries Science》2008,74(1):88-97

ABSTRACT:   Genetic differentiation and relationships between Crassostrea plicatula and Crassostrea gigas populations from China were studied by means of the microsatellite technique. Seven loci were used to screen five populations each collected from C. plicatula and C. gigas . All loci showed high polymorphism for all populations, as observed in average number of alleles per locus (19.1–28.1), and average expected heterozygosity (0.891–0.954). Significant departures from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium due to heterozygote deficiency were observed over most populations at each locus and were best explained by null alleles. F _ST values showed significant genetic differentiation between C. plicatula and C. gigas populations. According to the neighbor-joining tree constructed on the basis of the genetic distance ( D _A), the ten populations fell into two distinct groups ( C. plicatula and C. gigas groups), and the results of principal coordinate analysis and assignment tests also supported the neighbor-joining clustering. The outcomes presented here suggested that the microsatellite markers have great potential for differentiating C. plicatula from C. gigas populations. The information obtained in this study has important implications for the suitable management and conservation of these genetic resources in China.  相似文献   

16种植物提取物对福寿螺杀螺效果的研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

闫小红  周兵  邹有  蒋平  许冬梅 《广东农业科学》2011,38(4):81-84

通过室内生物测定的方法就16种常见杀虫杀螺植物醇提物对福寿螺的杀螺效果进行检测,结果表明,在0.25～4mg/mL浓度范围内,博落冋醇提物溶液对福寿螺的杀螺效果最好,其后依次为夹竹桃、魔芋、乌药和美洲商陆.5种植物醇提物溶液对福寿螺幼螺具有相对较强的毒杀作用,对福寿螺成螺也具有一定的毒杀作用 在最高浓度4 mg/mL...  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎肌肉蛋白的模拟胃肠液消化研究     

张凌晶  蔡秋凤  刘光明  曹敏杰 《厦门水产学院学报》2011,(2):81-86

采用美国药典提供的模拟胃液、肠液配方,通过十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和免疫印迹法（Western blot）,分析了太平洋牡蛎肌肉过敏蛋白和非过敏蛋白在体外模拟胃液、肠液消化稳定性的差异.结果表明：在模拟胃液中,非过敏蛋白均能被胃蛋白酶快速降解,而主要过敏蛋白原肌球蛋白在60 min时仍未被完全分解;在模拟肠液中,肌浆蛋白不易被分解,肌原纤维蛋白和原肌球蛋白都能在一定程度上被胰蛋白酶分解.可见,太平洋牡蛎的主要过敏蛋白原肌球蛋白相对于非过敏蛋白具有一定的耐消化性.  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎人工诱导雌核发育精子遗传失活的初步研究   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

李雅娟  毛连菊  李霞  丁君  赵艳荣 《大连水产学院学报》2003,18(2):109-113

用紫外线照射法对太平洋牡蛎Crassostrea gigas精子进行不同照射剂量和照射时间的处理，并将处理后的精子与正常的太平洋牡蛎的卵进行授精实验。实验结果表明，在精子厚度为1mm时，紫外线的最佳照射时间为1min、最佳照射剂量为1500μW／cm^2，受精率为87．74％，早期胚胎成活率为92．97％，单倍体率为96．24％。实验中，在担轮幼虫期利用染色体计数和流式细胞仪测定单倍体率，并从早期胚胎存活率上观察到“Hertwig”效应的存在。  相似文献   

超滤膜分离牡蛎多糖工艺研究     

郑亚旭  石璇  李欣遥  佟长青  李伟 《安徽农业科学》2016,44(19):104-106

[目的]获得制备牡蛎多糖的最佳分离工艺。[方法]利用超滤膜对牡蛎多糖进行分离,采用单因素及正交试验考察牡蛎多糖通过不同截留分子量超滤膜的分子量分布并优化超滤膜分离工艺。[结果]试验表明,选择截留分子量10 kD的超滤膜分离牡蛎多糖,膜通量较好,截留液中牡蛎多糖的分子量为1.2×10~3kD,透过液中的分子量为4.4 kD。正交试验表明,影响膜通量的主要因素是料液温度,其次是膜分离操作压力,pH影响较弱。综合考虑生产成本及膜的使用寿命等多方因素,超滤膜分离最佳工艺为料液温度30℃、压力0.04 MPa、pH 7.0。[结论]研究可为工业化生产牡蛎多糖提供参考依据。  相似文献   

水温变化对秘鲁外海茎柔鱼栖息地的影响     

李莉  吕翔  张硕  焦敏  张妙  陈新军 《大连海洋大学学报》2016,(6):685-691

为获取秘鲁外海茎柔鱼Dosidicus gigas栖息地的适宜温度指标,预测水温变化对茎柔鱼栖息地的影响,根据2006—2011年中国鱿钓船在秘鲁外海的茎柔鱼生产数据,并结合实测和通过卫星遥感技术获得的该海域海表温度数据,在作业次数和单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)基础上,采用海表温度适应性指数(Suitability index,SI)模型预测方法进行了相关研究。结果表明:随着水温的升高,茎柔鱼栖息地经向自西向东转移,纬向自北向南转移;产量较高的月份为7—12月,选取最佳适宜温度指标为19℃;发生厄尔尼诺现象时茎柔鱼产量下降,发生拉尼娜现象时产量则增加。  相似文献   

东太平洋不同海域环境因子对茎柔鱼分布的影响差异分析          下载免费PDF全文

崔佳楠  金鹏超  余为  陈新军 《上海海洋大学学报》2024,33(3)

为探究东南太平洋不同海域环境因子对茎柔鱼栖息地分布的影响差异,本研究利用东太平洋2016—2018年赤道海域、秘鲁外海与2015—2017年智利外海3个海域茎柔鱼渔业生产数据,选取海表面温度（Sea surface temperature,SST）、涡旋动能（Eddy kinetic energy,EKE)、海表面盐度（Sea surface salinity,SSS）、海表面高度（Sea surface height,SSH）、叶绿素浓度（Chlorophyll-a,Chl-a）、混合层深度（Mixed layer depth,MLD）、溶解氧浓度（Dissolved oxygen,DO）等7个海洋环境因子,建立最大熵模型以探究不同海域夏、秋两个季节内茎柔鱼适栖息地分布情况以及探究环境因子对其影响的差异。结果显示,各海域不同季节最大熵模型的受试者工作特征曲线下面积（Area under the curve,AUC）均大于0.8,实际捕捞位置与模型拟合的适宜栖息地范围重合。3个海域适宜栖息地的变化情况如下：赤道夏季最适栖息地主要分布在110°~120°W、1°N~3°S海域范围内;秋季,茎柔鱼最适栖息地主要分布在97°~117°W、1.5°N~1.5°S海域范围内,栖息地分布向东延伸。秘鲁外海夏季最适栖息地主要分布在75°~86°W、15°~20°S海域范围内;秋季,茎柔鱼最适栖息地主要分布在75°~84°W、15°~20°S海域范围内,夏季到秋季最适宜栖息地整体向东南方向移动。智利外海夏季茎柔鱼最适栖息地主要分布在73°~85°W、20°~30°S;秋季最适栖息地主要分布在75°~85°W、20°~28°S海域,夏季到秋季适宜栖息地整体向东北缩减。最大熵贡献率结果显示,影响赤道、秘鲁和智利海域茎柔鱼分布的重要环境因子分别为SSH、Chl-a、SSS、SST;SSH、MLD、DO、SST和SSH、SST、Chl-a、MLD。研究表明,不同海域影响茎柔鱼分布的环境因子具有显著的地域差异。  相似文献