Bread wheat cultivar PBW 343 carries residual additive resistance against virulent stripe rust pathotype     

Rupinder Pal Singh  Puja Srivastava  Achla Sharma  N. S. Bains 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(2):183-191

With continuous outbreaks of stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) epidemics and rapid breakdown of deployed resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars in North West Plains Zone (NWPZ) in India warrant knowledge and deployment of new and durable sources of resistance to stripe rust. Bread wheat cultivar PBW 343, until recently the most widely cultivated wheat variety in India, is now highly susceptible to stripe rust (score 9 on a 1–9 scale), whereas PBW 621 (score 5.05–5.65) and HD 2967 (score 5.40–6.20) show low levels of resistance. We conducted an experiment, spanning three crop seasons (2013–2014 to 2015–2016), in which parental lines, F₁ and F₂ populations, F₃ and F₄ families from two bread wheat crosses, PBW 621/PBW 343 and HD 2967/PBW 343 were generated and evaluated for stripe rust resistance against a virulent pathotype. While the F₁ revealed partial dominance, the segregation pattern for stripe rust resistance in F₂ and F₃ showed transgressive segregation for resistance in both crosses. Chi-square analysis indicated that resistant segregants possessed two genes, one contributed by PBW 621 or HD 2967 (depending on the cross) and the other, unexpectedly but obviously, came from the most susceptible cultivar, PBW 343. Possible genetic mechanisms for this residual resistance and implications for breeding programs are discussed.  相似文献   

Genetic analysis of resistance to spot blotch disease in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Zambia     

Batiseba Tembo  Julia Sibiya  Pangirayi Tongoona  Rob Melis 《Journal of Crop Improvement》2017,31(5):712-726

Understanding the genetics of resistance to spot blotch disease, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem, is important to design an appropriate breeding strategy to improve the trait. The objective of this study was to determine the gene action and mode of inheritance of resistance to spot blotch in wheat. Eight genotypes with varying resistance to the disease were crossed in a full diallel mating design. Parents and their progenies were evaluated for spot blotch resistance. Data were analyzed using Hayman’s diallel analysis. The results suggested the importance of additive gene effects in controlling the resistance to spot blotch in the materials under study. No epistasis, maternal, or reciprocal effects were detected. Resistance to spot blotch exhibited partial dominance. Therefore, exercising selection for resistance in the early segregating generation should be an effective approach because of the predominance of additive gene effects. The Wr/Vr graph showed that the parents 30SAWSN5 (P3) and Coucal (P4) possessed more dominant genes, which makes them particularly suitable for inclusion in breeding for resistance to spot blotch.  相似文献   

Survey and new insights in the application of PCR‐based molecular markers for identification of HMW‐GS at the Glu‐B1 locus in durum and bread wheat          下载免费PDF全文

Michela Janni  Domenico Pignone  Nelson Marmiroli 《Plant Breeding》2017,136(4):467-473

Wheat, among all cereal grains, possesses unique characteristics conferred by gluten; in particular, high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS) are of considerable interest as they strictly relate to bread‐making quality and contribute to strengthening and stabilizing dough. Thus, the identification of allelic composition, in particular at the Glu‐B1 locus, is very important to wheat quality improvement. Several PCR‐based molecular markers to tag‐specific HMW glutenin genes encoding Bx and By subunits have been developed in recent years. This study provides a survey of the molecular markers developed for the HMW‐GS at the Glu‐B1 locus. In addition, a selection of molecular markers was tested on 31 durum and bread wheat cultivars containing the By8, By16, By9, Bx17, Bx6, Bx14 and Bx17 Glu‐B1 alleles, and a new assignation was defined for the ZSBy9_aF1/R3 molecular marker that was specific for the By20 allele. We believe the results constitute a practical guide for results that might be achieved by these molecular markers on populations and cultivars with high variability at the Glu‐B1 locus.  相似文献   

簇毛麦6VS特异转录序列P21461及P33259的获得及其分子标记在鉴定小麦-簇毛麦抗白粉病育种材料中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘畅  李仕金  王轲  叶兴国  林志珊 《作物学报》2017,43(7):983-992

簇毛麦6V#2S和6V#4S染色体臂分别携带抗白粉病基因Pm21和Pm V,在与小麦的杂种后代中,抗病基因与外源染色体臂共分离。开发鉴定2条外源染色体臂间多态性的序列,尤其是遗传信息相对缺乏的6V#4S染色体臂的序列,对于其在遗传与育种上的应用具有重要意义。本研究以携带6V#4S·6DL染色体的小麦易位系Pm97033及感病小麦亲本宛7107接种白粉菌的叶片转录组数据为资源,通过差异基因筛选、共线性分析、簇毛麦基因组扩增及测序验证的方法,鉴定出来自6V#4S的表达序列P21461和P33259,其中基于P21461序列设计的引物P461-5在簇毛麦6V#2S和6V#4S染色体臂的扩增产物具有30 bp的In Del和4 nt的多态性。用该引物转化的标记P461-5a可以鉴定抗白粉病小麦品种和高代品系所含的外源染色体,显示其在簇毛麦抗源鉴别和小麦抗病育种辅助选择中潜在的应用价值。根据P33259开发的标记P259-1可以对含有6V#4S染色体臂的材料进行特异扩增,但对6V#2S·6AL易位染色体没有扩增产物,因此P259-1可作为6V#4S·6DL易位染色体的特异分子标记。q RT-PCR分析结果显示,P21461的表达不受白粉菌诱导,而P33259在接菌后12 h和24 h的转录水平比接菌前提高约2倍,推测其可能参与Pm97033与白粉菌的早期互作。  相似文献   

Breeding for increased grain protein and micronutrient content in wheat: Ten years of the GPC-B1 gene     

《Journal of Cereal Science》2017

To provide food and nutrition security for a growing world population, continued improvements in the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural crops will be required. Wheat is an important source of calories, protein and micronutrients and is thus a priority to breed for improvements in these traits. The GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT-B1 (GPC-B1) gene is a positive regulator of nutrient translocation which increases protein, iron and zinc concentration in the wheat grain. In the ten years since it was cloned, the impacts of GPC-B1 allelic variation on quality and yield traits have been extensively analyzed in diverse genetic backgrounds in field studies spanning forty environments and seven countries. In this review, we compile data from twenty-five studies to summarize the impact of GPC-B1 allelic variation on fifty different traits. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the functional copy of the GPC-B1 gene is associated with consistent positive effects on grain protein, Fe and Zn content with only marginally negative impacts on yield. We conclude that the GPC-B1 gene has the potential to increase nutritional and end use quality in a wide range of modern cultivars and environments and discuss the possibilities for its application in wheat breeding.  相似文献   

Stripe rust resistance gene Yr18 and its suppressor gene in Chinese wheat landraces          下载免费PDF全文

Ling Wu  Xianchun Xia  Garry M. Rosewarne  Huazhong Zhu  Shizhao Li  Zhengyu Zhang  Zhonghu He 《Plant Breeding》2015,134(6):634-640

The slow‐rusting and mildewing gene Yr18/Lr34/Pm38/Sr57 confers partial, durable resistance to multiple fungal pathogens and has its origins in China. A number of diagnostic markers were developed for this gene based on the gene sequence, but these markers do not always predict the presence of the resistant phenotype as some wheat varieties with the gene are susceptible to stripe rust in China. We hypothesized that these varieties have a suppressor of Yr18. This study was undertaken to determine the presence of Yr18, the suppressor and/or another resistance gene in 144 Chinese wheat landraces using molecular markers and stripe rust field data. Forty‐three landraces were predicted to have Yr18 based on the presence of the markers, but had final disease severities higher than 70%, indicating that this gene may be under the influence of a suppressor. Four of these landraces, ‘Sichuanyonggang 2’, ‘Baikemai’, ‘Youmai’ and ‘Zhangsihuang’, were chosen for genetic studies. Crosses were made between the lines and ‘Avocet S’, with further crosses of Sichuanyonggang 2 ×  ‘Huixianhong’ and Sichuanyonggang 2 ×  ‘Chinese Spring’. The F₁ plants of Sichuanyonggang 2/Chinese Spring was susceptible indicating the presence of a dominant suppressor gene. The results of genetic analyses of F_2:3 and BC₁F₂ families derived from these crosses indicated the presence of Yr18, a Yr18 suppressor and another additive resistance gene. The Yr18 region in Sichuanyonggang 2 was sequenced to ensure that it contained the functional allele. This is the first report of a suppressor of Yr18/Lr34/Pm38/Sr57 gene with respect to stripe rust response.  相似文献   

Boron-Calcium Synergically Alleviates Aluminum Toxicity in Wheat Plants (Triticum aestivum L.)     

A. K. M. Zakir Hossain  Md. Ali Asgar  M. Alamgir Hossain  Toshihiko Tosaki  Hiroyuki Koyama  Tetsuo Hara 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2005,51(1):43-49

The effects of B and Ca treatments on root growth, nutrient localization and cell wall properties in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) plants with and without Al stress were investigated. Seedlings were grown hydroponically in a complete nutrient solution for 7 d and then treated with B (0, 40 μM), Ca (0, 2,500 μM), and Al (0, 100 μM) in a 500 μM CaCl₂ solution for 8 d. The cell wall materials (CWM) were extracted with a phenol: acetic acid: water (2:1:1 w/v/v) solution and used for subsequent pectin extraction with trans -1,2-diami-nocyclohexane- N,N,N,N -tetraacetic acid (CDTA) and Na₂CO₃ solutions. Boron, Ca, and B + Ca treatments enhanced root growth by 19.5, 15.2, and 27.2%, respectively, compared to the control (pH 4.5). Calcium and B+Ca treatments enhanced root growth with Al stress by 43 and 54%, respectively, while B did not exert any effect. The amounts of CWM and pectin per unit of root fresh weight increased by Al treatment, whereas the Ca and B+Ca treatments slightly reduced the contents of these components. Seventy-four percent of total B, 69% of total Ca, and 85% of total Al were located in the cell wall in the B, Ca, and Al treatments, respectively and 32% of total B, 33% of total Ca, and 33% of total Al were located in the CDTA-soluble and Na₂CO₃-soluble pectin fractions. A more conspicuous localization of B was observed in the presence of Al. Aluminum treatment markedly decreased the Ca content in the cell wall as well as pectin fractions, mainly in the case of the CDTA-soluble pectin fraction. Boron + Ca treatment decreased the Al content in the cell wall and pectin fractions compared to the Ca treatment alone in the presence of Al. It is concluded that the B+Ca treatment enhanced root growth and, B and Ca uptake, and helped to maintain a normal B and Ca metabolism in the cell walls even in the presence of Al.  相似文献   

分子标记辅助选育兼抗白粉病、条锈病、黄矮病小麦新种质   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15  

曾祥艳  张增艳  杜丽璞  辛志勇  陈孝 《中国农业科学》2005,38(12):2380-2386

 选育和推广多抗、兼抗型小麦品种是今后小麦育种发展方向之一。本研究通过复合杂交、回交，将抗白粉病基因聚合体Pm4 +Pm13 +PmV、抗条锈病基因YrX（源自YW243）、抗黄矮病基因Bdv2向优异农艺亲本转育。利用抗病性鉴定和分子标记辅助选择，选育出聚合了3～5个抗病基因的兼抗白粉、条锈和黄矮病的冬性小麦新种质和春性小麦新种质，其中聚合Pm4 +Pm13 +PmV +YrX +Bdv2等5个抗病基因的冬性材料1株，聚合Pm4 +Pm13 +YrX +Bdv2d 的冬性、春性（BC2F3）材料分别为2株、3株，聚合Pm4 +PmV +YrX +Bdv2等4个抗病基因的冬性、春性（BC2F3）材料分别为6株和18株，聚合Pm13 +YrX +Bdv2、PmV +YrX +Bdv2等3个抗病基因的春性材料分别为7株和46株。本研究可为小麦多抗、兼抗育种提供遗传组成明确的丰富抗源和快捷的选择方法。  相似文献   

春小麦和苜蓿根际溶磷菌筛选及其溶磷能力测定   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9  

冯瑞章  冯月红  姚拓  龙瑞军  康爱明 《甘肃农业大学学报》2005,40(5):604-608

对春小麦(Triticum aestivum)和苜蓿(Medicago sativa)根际和非根际土壤中溶磷菌进行分离得到溶磷菌株368株,小麦和苜蓿根际溶磷菌数量分布为:根际土(RS)>远离根际土(NRS)>根表(RP)>根内(HP)。利用溶磷圈法初步筛选出66株具有较高溶磷能力的菌株,经钼蓝比色法测定其溶磷量,获得12株溶磷量大于100 mg/L的高效溶磷菌,且发现溶磷能力与pH值没有显著相关性。  相似文献   

基于Meta分析和气象因子驱动的苏豫皖小麦籽粒蛋白质含量地理空间分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏树凤  江广帅  赵鸿  方乾  胡诗琪  王凡  蔡剑  王笑  周琴  仲迎鑫  姜东 《麦类作物学报》2021,41(8):1033-1043

为明确苏豫皖地区小麦籽粒蛋白质含量空间分布规律,收集该区域1999-2019年间与小麦籽粒蛋白质含量相关的研究文献及相应地点的气象数据,运用Meta分析方法建立基于气象因子驱动的小麦籽粒蛋白质含量模型,用ArcGIS反距离插值创建预测图,并利用2019年在江苏实际取样测定的小麦籽粒蛋白质数据予以模型验证;最后根据国家小麦品质标准进行小麦品质区划。结果表明,籽粒蛋白质含量随灌浆中期的总日照时数升高而升高,随播种-孕穗、灌浆前中期的总降水量增加而降低。在苏豫皖各地处于同一气象等级条件时,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量整体上从西向东呈降低趋势。采用2019年多点抽样获得的小麦籽粒蛋白质含量进行验证,发现分省拟合模型的效果较好,相对误差在-10%～0之间。苏豫皖三省中,中筋小麦主要分布在江苏省的中北部、安徽省中部少部分地区;中强筋小麦主要分布在江苏省的北部、安徽省的北部、中西部和西南部、河南省的东北部;强筋小麦主要分布在河南省东部、西北部和西南部;江苏省的南部和中部、安徽省的东南部最适宜弱筋小麦的种植。  相似文献